1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene is an
organochlorine compound
An organochloride, organochlorine compound, chlorocarbon, or chlorinated hydrocarbon is an organic compound containing at least one covalent bond, covalently bonded atom of chlorine. The chloroalkane class (alkanes with one or more hydrogens subst ...
, one of three isomers of
trichlorobenzene
Trichlorobenzene (TCB) may refer to any of three isomeric chlorinated derivatives of benzene with the molecular formula C6H3Cl3. Trichlorobenzenes are man-made chemical compounds that occur in three different forms. Even though the forms have the ...
. It is a derivative of
benzene
Benzene is an organic chemical compound with the molecular formula C6H6. The benzene molecule is composed of six carbon atoms joined in a planar ring with one hydrogen atom attached to each. Because it contains only carbon and hydrogen atoms, ...
with three
chloride
The chloride ion is the anion (negatively charged ion) Cl−. It is formed when the element chlorine (a halogen) gains an electron or when a compound such as hydrogen chloride is dissolved in water or other polar solvents. Chloride salts ...
substituents. It is a colorless liquid used as a solvent for a variety of compounds and materials.
Production and uses
Depending on the conditions and additives (e.g.,
sulfur
Sulfur (or sulphur in British English) is a chemical element with the symbol S and atomic number 16. It is abundant, multivalent and nonmetallic. Under normal conditions, sulfur atoms form cyclic octatomic molecules with a chemical formula ...
), it can be the main product from the
chlorination Chlorination may refer to:
* Chlorination reaction
In chemistry, halogenation is a chemical reaction that entails the introduction of one or more halogens into a compound. Halide-containing compounds are pervasive, making this type of transform ...
of benzene. It is virtually the exclusive product from the chlorination of
1,4-dichlorobenzene
1,4-Dichlorobenzene (1,4-DCB, ''p''-DCB, or ''para''-dichlorobenzene, sometimes abbreviated as PDCB or para) is an organic compound with the formula C6H4Cl2. This colorless solid has a strong odor. The molecule consists of a benzene ring with two ...
. It is also the main product from the
dehydrochlorination
In chemistry, dehydrohalogenation is an elimination reaction which removes a hydrogen halide from a substrate. The reaction is usually associated with the synthesis of alkenes, but it has wider applications.
Dehydrohalogenation from alkyl halid ...
of
hexachlorocyclohexane
Hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), , is any of several polyhalogenated organic compounds consisting of a six-carbon ring with one chlorine and one hydrogen attached to each carbon. This structure has nine stereoisomers (eight diastereomers, one of whi ...
.
It is useful as a high-temperature solvent, e.g. for
GPC of polyolefines such as PE or PP which are otherwise insoluble.
Aside from its use as a solvent, this compound is a useful precursor to dye and pesticides.
Safety
The
LD50
In toxicology, the median lethal dose, LD50 (abbreviation for "lethal dose, 50%"), LC50 (lethal concentration, 50%) or LCt50 is a toxic unit that measures the lethal dose of a toxin, radiation, or pathogen. The value of LD50 for a substance is the ...
(oral, rats) is 756 mg/kg. Animal studies have shown that 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene affects the liver and kidney, and is possibly a teratogen.
CDC - NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards
/ref> There is no regulated occupational exposure limit for chemical exposure, but the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH, ) is the United States federal agency responsible for conducting research and making recommendations for the prevention of work-related injury and illness. NIOSH is part of the C ...
recommends no greater exposure than 5 ppm, over an 8-hour workday.
See also
*Chlorobenzene
Chlorobenzene is an aromatic organic compound with the chemical formula C6H5Cl. This colorless, flammable liquid is a common solvent and a widely used intermediate in the manufacture of other chemicals.
Uses
Historical
The major use of chlorob ...
*Dichlorobenzene There are three distinct chemical compounds which are dichlorobenzenes:
* 1,2-Dichlorobenzene or ''ortho''-dichlorobenzene;
*1,3-Dichlorobenzene or ''meta''-dichlorobenzene;
*1,4-Dichlorobenzene or ''para''-dichlorobenzene.
All three isomers are co ...
* Pentachlorobenzene
*Hexachlorobenzene
Hexachlorobenzene, or perchlorobenzene, is an organochloride with the molecular formula C6Cl6. It is a fungicide formerly used as a seed treatment, especially on wheat to control the fungal disease bunt. It has been banned globally under the Sto ...
References
{{DEFAULTSORT:Trichlorobenzene, 1, 2, 4-
Chlorobenzenes
Halogenated solvents
Aromatic solvents