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The cuneiform sign ib, (or ip) is a common-use sign in the '' Epic of Gilgamesh'', the
File:British Museum Room 10 cuneiform.jpg, Cuneiform ''ib''/''ip'', 7th row, middle cuneiform sign.
Cuneiform signs
The cuneiform sign ib, (or ip) is a common-use sign in the '' Epic of Gilgamesh'', the Amarna letters
The Amarna letters (; sometimes referred to as the Amarna correspondence or Amarna tablets, and cited with the abbreviation EA, for "El Amarna") are an archive, written on clay tablets, primarily consisting of diplomatic correspondence between t ...
, and other cuneiform texts. Its common usage is syllabic for ''ib'' (or ''ip''), or alphabetic for ''i'' or ''b''/''p''; the "i" is also exchanged for "e" when spelling specific words in the Akkadian language. Cuneiform ''ib'' also can be found as sumerogram ''URTA'', (a capital letter (majuscule
Letter case is the distinction between the letters that are in larger uppercase or capitals (or more formally ''majuscule'') and smaller lowercase (or more formally ''minuscule'') in the written representation of certain languages. The writing ...
)), and for example it is used in the ''Epic of Gilgamesh'' for the god's name: Ninurta
, image= Cropped Image of Carving Showing the Mesopotamian God Ninurta.png
, caption= Assyrian stone relief from the temple of Ninurta at Kalhu, showing the god with his thunderbolts pursuing AnzΓ», who has stolen the Tablet of Destinies from En ...
, spelled DNIN.URTA.
''Epic of Gilgamesh'' usage
Cuneiform ''ib'' has other sub-uses in the ''Epic of Gilgamesh''. The following can be found: ''eb''--(4) times, ''ep''--(9), ''ib''--(114), ''ip''--(45), and ''URTA''--(4) times.Similar cuneiform forms
The cuneiform ''ib'' cuneiform character (no. 535) is built in a 'rectangular box form', sitting upon a long horizontal stroke. It contains the 2-verticals at right and 1-vertical at left. Three other signs are similarly built, cuneiform '' ur'' is the mirror image of "ib"/"ip", but with the two verticals at left. The "lu (cuneiform)" sign is identical to "ib", but instead of 1-short vertical in the center, ''lu'' contains 3-short verticals in the center. Another sign is similar to ''lu'', but has only 1-vertical, left and right, ku (cuneiform), and theAmarna letters
The Amarna letters (; sometimes referred to as the Amarna correspondence or Amarna tablets, and cited with the abbreviation EA, for "El Amarna") are an archive, written on clay tablets, primarily consisting of diplomatic correspondence between t ...
is usually so compact, that hardly any of the individual strokes can be easily identified.
Another sign is similar in this group to cuneiform '' ur'', but the center is replaced by 2 stokes, one angled down, and the other a wedge (at extreme right vertical), and is the ''gΓ‘b (cuneiform), gΓ‘b'' sign. In the Amarna letters it is often used for English "all", or "all (of us)", Akkadian language, ''gabbu''. (Amarna letters Amarna letter EA 153, EA 153, Amarna letter EA 287, EA 287, Amarna letter EA 288, EA 288, and Amarna letter EA 367, EA 267)
References
*William L. Moran, Moran, William L. 1987, 1992. ''The Amarna Letters.'' Johns Hopkins University Press, 1987, 1992. 393 pages.(softcover, ) * Parpola, 1971. ''The Standard Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh'', Simo Parpola, Parpola, Simo, Neo-Assyrian Text Corpus Project, c 1997, Tablet I thru Tablet XII, Index of Names, Sign List, and Glossary-(pp. 119β145), 165 pages. *Anson Rainey, Rainey, 1970. ''El Amarna Tablets, 359-379,'' Anson Rainey, Anson F. Rainey, (AOAT 8, ''Alter Orient Altes Testament 8'', Kevelaer and Neukirchen -Vluyen), 1970, 107 pages. ----