is a type of Japanese ''ryokucha'' (,

green tea Green tea is a type of tea that is made from '' Camellia sinensis'' leaves and buds that have not undergone the same withering and oxidation process which is used to make oolong teas and black teas. Green tea originated in China, and since the ...

) which is prepared by infusing the processed whole tea leaves in hot water. This is as opposed to

matcha is finely ground powder of specially grown and processed green tea leaves, traditionally consumed in East Asia. The green tea plants used for matcha are shade-grown for three to four weeks before harvest; the stems and veins are removed during ...

(), powdered Japanese green tea, where the green tea powder is mixed with hot water and therefore the leaf itself is included in the beverage. Sencha is the most popular tea in Japan.

Overview

Among the types of Japanese green tea prepared by

infusion Infusion is the process of extracting chemical compounds or flavors from plant material in a solvent such as water, oil or alcohol, by allowing the material to remain suspended in the solvent over time (a process often called steeping). An inf ...

, sencha is distinguished from such specific types as

gyokuro is a type of shaded green tea from Japan. It differs from the standard ''sencha'' (a classic unshaded green tea) in being grown under the shade rather than the full sun. The name "gyokuro" translates as "jewel dew" (or "jade dew"). While most s ...

in that it is shaded for a shorter time or not at all, or

bancha is a type of Japanese green tea. It is harvested from the second flush of '' sencha'' between summer and autumn. (The first flush is harvested for '' shincha''.) It can be found in a number of forms such as roasted, unroasted, smoked, matured o ...

which is the same tea but harvested later in the season. It is the most popular tea in Japan, representing about 80 percent of the tea produced in the country. The flavour depends upon the season and place where it is produced, but

shincha is a type of Japanese ''ryokucha'' (, green tea) which is prepared by infusing the processed whole tea leaves in hot water. This is as opposed to matcha (), powdered Japanese green tea, where the green tea powder is mixed with hot water and th ...

, or 'new tea' from the first flush of the year, is considered the most delicious. Tea-picking in Japan begins in the south, gradually moving north with the spring warmth. During the winter, tea plants store nutrients, and the tender new leaves which sprout in the spring contain concentrated nutrients. Shincha represents these tender new leaves. The shincha season, depending upon the region of the plantation, is from early April to late May, specifically the 88th day after

Setsubun is the day before the beginning of spring in the old calendar in Japan. The name literally means 'seasonal division', referring to the day just before the first day of spring in the traditional calendar, known as ; though previously referri ...

which usually falls around February 4, a

cross-quarter day The Wheel of the Year is an annual cycle of seasonal festivals, observed by many modern pagans, consisting of the year's chief solar events (solstices and equinoxes) and the midpoints between them. While names for each festival vary among dive ...

traditionally considered the start of spring in Japan. Setsubun or

Risshun Traditional Chinese calendar divides a year into 24 solar terms. ''Lìchūn'', ''Risshun'', ''Ipchun'', or ''Lập xuân'' is the 1st solar term. It begins when the Sun reaches the celestial longitude of 315° and ends when it reaches the longi ...

is the beginning of the

sexagenary cycle The sexagenary cycle, also known as the Stems-and-Branches or ganzhi ( zh, 干支, gānzhī), is a cycle of sixty terms, each corresponding to one year, thus a total of sixty years for one cycle, historically used for recording time in China and t ...

; therefore, by drinking sencha one can enjoy a year of good health. The ideal colour of the sencha beverage is a greenish golden colour. Depending upon the temperature of the water in which it is decocted, the flavour will be different, adding to the appeal of sencha. With relatively more temperate water, it is relatively mellow; with hot water, it is more astringent. Some varieties expand when steeped to resemble leaf vegetable greens in smell, appearance, and taste. The tea production process by which sencha and other Japanese ''ryokucha'' are created differs from

Chinese Chinese can refer to: * Something related to China * Chinese people, people of Chinese nationality, citizenship, and/or ethnicity **''Zhonghua minzu'', the supra-ethnic concept of the Chinese nation ** List of ethnic groups in China, people of va ...

green teas, which are initially pan-fired. Japanese green tea is first steamed for between 15 and 20 seconds to prevent oxidization of the leaves. Then, the leaves are rolled, shaped, and dried. This step creates the customary thin cylindrical shape of the tea. Finally, the leaves are sorted and divided into differing quality groups. The initial steaming step imparts a difference in the flavour between Chinese and Japanese green tea, with Japanese green tea having a more vegetal, almost grassy flavour (some taste seaweed-like). Infusions from sencha and other green teas that are steamed (like most common Japanese green teas) are also greener in colour and slightly more bitter than Chinese-style green teas.

Types

* ''Jō Sencha'' (), superior sencha * ''Tokujō Sencha'' (), extra superior sencha * ''Hachijūhachiya Sencha'' (), sencha harvested after 88 days (respectively nights) after spring begins (risshun) * ''Kabuse Sencha'' or '' kabusecha'' (), covered sencha * ''Asamushi'' (), lightly steamed sencha * ''Chumushi'' (), middle steamed (30–90 seconds) * ''Fukamushi'' () or ''fukamushicha'', deeply steamed sencha – 1–2 minutes * ''

Shincha is a type of Japanese ''ryokucha'' (, green tea) which is prepared by infusing the processed whole tea leaves in hot water. This is as opposed to matcha (), powdered Japanese green tea, where the green tea powder is mixed with hot water and th ...

'' () or ''ichibancha'' (), first-picked sencha of the year

Shincha

, 'new tea', represents the first month's harvest of sencha. Basically, it is the same as , 'the first-picked tea', and is characterized by its fresh aroma and sweetness. Ichibancha distinguishes shincha from both nibancha ('the second-picked tea') and sanbancha ('the third-picked tea'). Use of the term ''shincha'' makes emphatically clear that this tea is the year's earliest, the first tea of the season.

Kabusecha

is sencha grown in the shade to increase amino acids, such as

theanine Theanine , also known as L-γ-glutamylethylamide and ''N''5-ethyl-L-glutamine, is an amino acid analogue of the proteinogenic amino acids L-glutamate and L-glutamine and is found primarily in particular plant and fungal species. It was disco ...

, which contribute to its distinctive flavor. About a week before the tea leaf buds are picked in the spring, the plantation is covered with a screen to cut out the direct sunlight. This shading produces a milder tea than standard sencha. The shaded tea known as

differs from kabusecha in that it is shaded for a longer period: about 20 days.Explanation of sencha, gyokuro, and kabusecha differences (Japanese)
/ref> Special nets () are hung over the plants to obtain a natural shade without completely blocking out sunlight. Kabusecha sencha has a mellower flavour and more subtle colour than sencha grown in direct sunlight.

''Senchadō''

Senchadō is a Japanese variant of ''chadō'' ("way of tea"). It involves the preparation and drinking of ''sencha'' green tea, especially the high grade ''gyokuro'' type. History Towards the end of the 17th century in the Edo period, Chinese mercha ...

'' ( 'Way of Sencha') is the formal art of enjoying ''sencha''. Generally it involves the high-grade ''

'' class.

References

External links

* {{Teas Green tea Japanese tea