Železnice () is a town in

Jičín District Jičín District () is a Okres, district in the Hradec Králové Region of the Czech Republic. Its capital is the town of Jičín. Administrative division Jičín District is divided into three Districts of the Czech Republic#Municipalities with ...

in the

Hradec Králové Region Hradec Králové Region (, ) is an administrative unit () of the Czech Republic located in the north-eastern part of the historical region of Bohemia. It is named after its capital Hradec Králové. The region neighbours the Pardubice Region in t ...

of the

Czech Republic The Czech Republic, also known as Czechia, and historically known as Bohemia, is a landlocked country in Central Europe. The country is bordered by Austria to the south, Germany to the west, Poland to the northeast, and Slovakia to the south ...

. It has about 1,400 inhabitants. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument zone.

Administrative division

Železnice consists of seven municipal parts (in brackets population according to the 2021 census): *Železnice (1,109) *Březka (10) *Cidlina (72) *Doubravice (24) *Pekloves (10) *Těšín (42) *Zámezí (37)

Etymology

The name is derived from the Czech adjective ''železná'', meaning 'iron'. The word ''železnice'' also means 'railway' in modern Czech.

Geography

Železnice is located about north of

Jičín Jičín (; or ''Gitschin'') is a town in the Hradec Králové Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 16,000 inhabitants. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected as an Cultural monument (Czech Republic)#Monument reservatio ...

and northwest of

Hradec Králové Hradec Králové (; ) is a city of the Czech Republic. It has about 94,000 inhabitants. It is the capital of the Hradec Králové Region. The historic centre of Hradec Králové is well preserved and is protected as an Cultural monument (Czech R ...

. It lies mostly in the

Jičín Uplands The Jičín Uplands () are uplands and a geomorphological mesoregion of the Czech Republic. It is located in the Hradec Králové, Liberec and Central Bohemian regions. Geomorphology The Jičín Uplands are a mesoregion of the North Bohemian ...

. The northern part of the municipal territory belongs to the

Ještěd–Kozákov Ridge The Ještěd–Kozákov Ridge (; ) is a ridge and geomorphological mesoregion of the Czech Republic. It is part of the Western Sudetes. The vast majority lies in the Liberec Region. Geomorphology Ještěd–Kozákov Ridge is a mesoregion of th ...

and includes the highest point of Železnice, the hill Hůra at above sea level. The

Cidlina The Cidlina () is a river in the Czech Republic, a right tributary of the Elbe River. It originates in the Liberec Region, but flows mainly through the Hradec Králové and Central Bohemian regions. It is long. Etymology According to one theory ...

River flows through the rural part of the territory. There are several small fishponds around the town.

History

The first written mention of Železnice is from 1318. In 1514, it was referred to as a

market town A market town is a settlement most common in Europe that obtained by custom or royal charter, in the Middle Ages, a market right, which allowed it to host a regular market; this distinguished it from a village or city. In Britain, small rura ...

, and probably in 1599, it was promoted to a town. In 1788 and 1826, the town was badly damaged by large fires. In 1903, the railway through Železnice was built.

Demographics

Transport

Železnice is located on the railway line

–

Turnov Turnov (; ) is a town in Semily District in the Liberec Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 15,000 inhabitants. It is a traditional centre for gemstone polishing, glass craftsmanship and arts. The historic town centre is well preserved and ...

Sights

After the fire in 1826, the town buildings in the historic centre were restored in a unified Neoclassical style. This buildings has mostly been preserved to this day and forms a unique urban complex. The town hall was built in 1826. The Church of Saint Giles was built on the site of an old Romanesque church from the 13th century after it was destroyed during the

Thirty Years' War The Thirty Years' War, fought primarily in Central Europe between 1618 and 1648, was one of the most destructive conflicts in History of Europe, European history. An estimated 4.5 to 8 million soldiers and civilians died from battle, famine ...

, and rebuilt in the Baroque style in 1727–1739.

Notable people

Tavík František Šimon Tavík František Šimon (13 May 1877 in Železnice, Bohemia (now the Czech Republic) – 19 December 1942 in Prague), was a Czech painter, etcher, and woodcut artist. Born František Šimon, he later adopted the additional name 'Tavík', which w ...

(1877–1942), painter, etcher and woodcutter

Twin towns – sister cities

Železnice is twinned with: *

Revò Revò () is a ''Communes of Trentino, comune'' (municipality) in Trentino in the northern Italy, Italian region Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, located about north of Trento. Geography Revò is situated on a grassy plain in the Val di Non, overl ...

, Italy

References

External links

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Zeleznice Cities and towns in the Czech Republic