The JŽ class 412/416 is an

electric multiple unit An electric multiple unit or EMU is a multiple-unit train consisting of self-propelled carriages using electricity as the motive power. An EMU requires no separate locomotive, as electric traction motors are incorporated within one or a numbe ...

built for

Yugoslav Railways Yugoslav Railways ( sh-Latn-Cyrl, Jugoslavenske željeznice/Jugoslovenske železnice, Југославенске жељезнице/Југословенске железнице; mk, Југословенски железници; sl, Jugoslovans ...

. The units are now used by

Serbian Railways Serbian Railways ( sr, Железнице Србије/''Železnice Srbije'', abbr. ŽS or ЖС) is a Serbian engineering and technical consulting company based in Belgrade, Serbia. In 2015, the Government of Serbia established three new compan ...

Macedonian Railways Macedonian most often refers to someone or something from or related to Macedonia (disambiguation), Macedonia. Macedonian(s) may specifically refer to: People Modern * Macedonians (ethnic group), a nation and a South Slavic ethnic group primari ...

and

Montenegro Railways Rail transport in Montenegro is operated by four separate companies, which independently handle railway infrastructure, passenger transport, cargo transport and maintenance of the rolling stock. The four companies were a part of public company ''R ...

History

In the early 1980s Yugoslav Railways ordered several passenger electric multiple-unit trains for Belgrade, Novi Sad, Skopje and Titograd sections (ŽTP). At half the price offered by a domestic Yugoslav competitor,

JŽ series 410 Yugoslav Railways ( sh-Latn-Cyrl, Jugoslavenske željeznice/Jugoslovenske železnice, Југославенске жељезнице/Југословенске железнице; mk, Југословенски железници; sl, Jugoslovans ...

EMU built by Goša, the

Soviet The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, ...

ER31 (russian: ЭР31) built by

Rīgas Vagonbūves Rūpnīca Rīgas Vagonbūves Rūpnīca (RVR) was a Latvian rail and tram vehicle manufacturer, most notable for its multiple unit trains and tram vehicles used throughout the Soviet Union and its successor states. It has been insolvent and non-operat ...

(RVR) was chosen. The first unit was introduced in traffic at September 25, 1980. EMU was designated as JŽ 412/416. From 1980 to 1990 and with the

breakup of Yugoslavia The breakup of Yugoslavia occurred as a result of a series of political upheavals and conflicts during the early 1990s. After a period of political and economic crisis in the 1980s, constituent republics of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yu ...

, 50 EMU train sets were delivered from the Soviet Union to Yugoslav railways. ŽTP Belgrade and ŽTP Novi Sad received 43 sets, ŽTP Titograd received six, and ŽTP Skopje received four sets of 412/416 EMU. During the 1990s nine more sets were ordered, but due to the sanctions on FR Yugoslavia, only three were delivered while six were sold to Bulgarian State Railways (BDŽ). EMU for BDŽ was designated by RVR as ER33 (ЭР33), in Bulgaria - BDŽ class 33; these items were more simple in design. The last two train sets 412/416 for Serbia had more powerful traction motors and was designated by RVR as ER35 (ЭР35).

Technical specifications

The EMU train set consists from four sections: two cab-motor cars (412) and two trailer cars (416). The trains could be controlled and operated only from cab cars (412).

Voltage

This train set utilises 25 kV/50 Hz AC. Beovoz Diagram

Operators

After the dissolution of Yugoslavia, class 412/416 EMU train sets continued service with the railways of Serbia, Montenegro and North Macedonia.

Serbia

Today Serbian Railways are the biggest operator of 412 class of all Yugoslav successor states. The main depot for this class is at Zemun. In 2019 there are 24 EMU train sets operational. Nine sets were overhauled with help of Belgrade city, being used with

BG Voz BG VOZ ( sr-Cyrl, БГ ВОЗ; stylized as BG:VOZ, sr-Cyrl, БГ:ВОЗ) is an urban rail system that serves the city of Belgrade, Serbia. It is operated by the public transit corporation GSP Belgrade and is a part of the integrated BusPlus syste ...

- urban rail system that is operated by the public transit system of Belgrade. The rest of EMU train sets traffic on regional lines toward

Prijepolje Prijepolje ( sr-cyr, Пријепоље, ) is a town and municipality located in the Zlatibor District of southwestern Serbia. As of 2011 census, the town has 13,330 inhabitants, while the municipality has 37,059 inhabitants. Etymology One possibl ...

Šid Šid ( sr-cyr, Шид, ) is a town and municipality located in the Srem District of the autonomous province of Vojvodina, Serbia. It has a population of 14,893, while the municipality has 34,188 inhabitants. A border crossing between Serbia and C ...

Paraćin Paraćin ( sr-Cyrl, Параћин, ) is a town and municipality located in the Pomoravlje District of central Serbia. It is located in the valley of the Velika Morava river, north of Kruševac and southeast of Kragujevac. In 2011 the town had a p ...

and

Zaječar Zaječar ( sr-Cyrl, Зајечар, ; ro, Zaicear or ) is a city and the administrative center of the Zaječar District in eastern Serbia. According to the 2011 census, the city administrative area has a population of 59,461 inhabitants. Zaječar ...

. File:Serbian railways class 412.jpg, Serbian Railways ŽS 412 File:Railway bridges belgrade railway junction.JPG, BG Voz on railway bridges in the Belgrade

Montenegro

Montenegro Railways have received six class 412/416 EMU train sets which have been purchased by Yugoslav Railways for ŽTP Titograd in 1985. In 2015, there are five operational train sets, with two recently overhauled. Main depot is at Podgorica. One train set was destroyed in the Bioče disaster in 2006. File:ZCG 412-050 Podgorica.jpg, Railway transport of Montenegro class 412 EMU train set

North Macedonia

File:Macedonia (5881146055).jpg, MŽ 412 at Skopje train station in 2011

References

External links

Characteristics and description (Serbian)
{{DEFAULTSORT:ZS series 412 Multiple units of Yugoslavia Electric multiple units of Serbia Electric multiple units of Montenegro Electric multiple units of North Macedonia 25 kV AC multiple units