Shklow ( be, Шклоў, ; Škłoŭ; russian: link=no, Шклов, ''Shklov''; yi, שקלאָוו, ''Shklov'', lt, Šklovas, pl, Szkłów) is a town in Mogilev Region, Belarus, located north of Mogilev on the Dnieper river. It has a railway station on the line between Orsha and Mogilev. , its population was 16,439.

History

* 1535: First records about the town. * 1654, 1656: Two battles, see battles of Shkloŭ * April 10, 1762: Coat of arms. Shklov was an important Jewish religious center. There was a yeshiva there in the 18th century. Shklov became the center of the Haskalah movement. At the end of the 19th century, there were 5542 Jews in the town. Jews traded for a living. A dozen families worked in the Jewish kolkhoz ''Iskra''. In 1939, only 2132 Jews remained in Shklov. The Germans occupied the town on July 12, 1941. The first execution of Jews took place just a few days into the occupation. The Germans shot 25 Jewish men in Lenin Park. At the end of July 1941, two ghettos were established in the neighboring village of Ryzhkovichi. In August 1941, the

Einsatzgruppen (, ; also ' task forces') were (SS) paramilitary death squads of Nazi Germany that were responsible for mass murder, primarily by shooting, during World War II (1939–1945) in German-occupied Europe. The had an integral role in the im ...

arrived in the town and gathered 84 Jews under the pretext of sending them to forced labor. In fact, they were taken to the village of Semyonovka and were shot in the kolkhoz. In September 1941, the Jews were taken to a ravine in Khoduly, between the villages of Putniki and Zarechye. They had to undress and lie in the ditch before being shot. According to Soviet sources, 3200 Jews were killed in Shklow and the surrounding neighborhood. Alexander Lukashenko, President of Belarus since 1994, held a position as the director of the construction materials plant in Shklow Raion before he became a kolkhoz director and then moved into politics.

Transport

* 1 railway station * 3 bus routes

People

The Jewish family name Shklovsky or Shklover indicates that the person or their ancestors come from Shkloŭ. * Semyon Zorich, Serbian-born Russian General who founded an estate in Shkloŭ (Shklov). * Yitzhak Salkinsohn, born in Shklov * Joshua Zeitlin, rabbinical scholar and philanthropist, born here *

Yehoshua Leib Diskin Moshe Yehoshua Yehuda Leib Diskin (1818–1898), also known as the Maharil Diskin, was a leading rabbi, Talmudist, and Biblical commentator. He served as a rabbi in Łomża, Mezritch, Kovno, Shklov, Brisk, and, finally, Jerusalem, after moving t ...

, rabbi in Shklov *

Rogatchover Gaon Joseph Rosen (Yiddish: יוסף ראָזין, ''Yosef Rosin''; 1858 – 5 March 1936) known as the Rogatchover Gaon (Genius of Rogachev) and Tzofnath Paneach (Decipherer of Secrets—the title of his main work), was a rabbi and one of the mo ...

, studied in Shklov under Yehoshua Leib *

Steve Rosenberg Steven Barnett Rosenberg (born 5 April 1968) is a British journalist for BBC News. He has been the BBC's Moscow correspondent almost continuously since 2003, except for a stint as Berlin correspondent between 2006 and 2010. In 2022 Rosenberg's r ...

, BBC Russian Correspondent, whose Great-Grandfather was from Shklov and emigrated to England * Pavel Axelrod (1850–1928), Russian

Menshevik The Mensheviks (russian: меньшевики́, from меньшинство 'minority') were one of the three dominant factions in the Russian socialist movement, the others being the Bolsheviks and Socialist Revolutionaries. The factions eme ...

revolutionary *

Zalman Shneur Zalman Shneour (born Shneur Zalkind; 1887 – 20 February 1959) was a prolific Yiddish language, Yiddish and Hebrew language, Hebrew poet and writer. He was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature. Biography Shneour was born in Shklov (Šk ...

(1887–1959), Hebrew and Yiddish poet * Baruch Schick of Shklov (1744–1808) rabbi and scholar, Hebrew author and translator *

Josef Gusikov Michal Josef Gusikov (born Yehiel-Michiel, also spelt Guzikow or Gusikow) (2 September 1806 – 21 October 1837) was a Belarusian-Jewish klezmer who gave the first performances of klezmer music to West European concert audiences on his 'wood ...

klezmer Klezmer ( yi, קלעזמער or ) is an instrumental musical tradition of the Ashkenazi Jews of Central and Eastern Europe. The essential elements of the tradition include dance tunes, ritual melodies, and virtuosic improvisations played for l ...

musician, born in Shklov * Naum Eitingon, general of the NKVD and murderer of Leon Trotsky, born in Shklov *

Yisroel ben Shmuel of Shklov Yisroel ben Shmuel Ashkenazi of Shklov (c. 1770 – May 22, 1839) was a Lithuanian Jewish Talmudist, one of a group of Talmudical scholars of Shklov who were attracted to Vilna by Rabbi Elijah ben Solomon Zalman, known as the Vilna Gaon (1720–97 ...

, Rabbi, disciple of the

Vilna Gaon Elijah ben Solomon Zalman, ( he , ר' אליהו בן שלמה זלמן ''Rabbi Eliyahu ben Shlomo Zalman'') known as the Vilna Gaon (Yiddish: דער װילנער גאון ''Der Vilner Gaon'', pl, Gaon z Wilna, lt, Vilniaus Gaonas) or Elijah of ...

* Menachem Mendel of Shklov, Rabbi, disciple of the

, leader of Perushim migration to the

Holy Land The Holy Land; Arabic: or is an area roughly located between the Mediterranean Sea and the Eastern Bank of the Jordan River, traditionally synonymous both with the biblical Land of Israel and with the region of Palestine. The term "Holy ...

in 1808 * Rabbi Moshe Feinstein, studied and lived in Shklov before emigrating to the United States to become the preeminent Torah sage and '' posek'' of his generation

Gallery

References

External links