was a after ''

Bunshō was a after ''Kanshō'' and before ''Ōnin''. The period spanned the years February 1466 through March 1467. The reigning emperor during this period was .Titsingh, Isaac. (1834) ''Annales des empereurs du Japon'', pp. 352364. Change of era * 1 ...

'' and before ''

Bunmei was a after '' Ōnin'' and before ''Chōkyō''. This period spanned from April 1469 through July 1487.Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "''Bunmei''" i ''Japan encyclopedia'', p. 89 n.b., Louis-Frédéric is pseudonym of Louis-Frédéric Nussba ...

''. This period spanned the years from March 1467 through April 1469. The reigning emperor was .

Change of era

* 1467 : The era name was changed to mark an event or a number of events. The old era ended and a new one commenced in ''Bunshō'' 2.

Events of the ''Ōnin'' era

The ''

Ōnin War The , also known as the Upheaval of Ōnin and Ōnin-Bunmei war, was a civil war that lasted from 1467 to 1477, during the Muromachi period in Japan. '' Ōnin'' refers to the Japanese era during which the war started; the war ended during the Bun ...

'': This conflict began as a controversy over who should follow

Ashikaga Yoshimasa Ashikaga (足利) may refer to: * Ashikaga clan (足利氏 ''Ashikaga-shi''), a Japanese samurai clan descended from the Minamoto clan; and that formed the basis of the eponymous shogunate ** Ashikaga shogunate (足利幕府 ''Ashikaga bakufu''), a ...

as shōgun after his retirement – whether it would be his brother (Yoshimi) or his son ( Yoshihisa); but this succession dispute was merely a pretext for rival groups of ''

daimyō were powerful Japanese magnates, feudal lords who, from the 10th century to the early Meiji era, Meiji period in the middle 19th century, ruled most of Japan from their vast, hereditary land holdings. They were subordinate to the shogun and n ...

s'' to fight in a struggle for military supremacy. In the end, there was no clearcut winner. The complex array of factional armies simply fought themselves into exhaustion.Varley, H. Paul. (1973). ''Japanese Culture: A Short History'', p. 84. * 1467 (''Ōnin 1, 1st month''):

Yamana Sōzen was originally before becoming a monk. Due to his red complexion, he was sometimes known as ''Aka-nyūdō'', "the Red Monk". He was one of the ''daimyōs'' who fought against Hosokawa Katsumoto during the Ōnin War in Heian-kyō. Biography Yam ...

and

Hatakeyama Yoshinari was a Japanese samurai and feudal lord (''daimyō'') of the Muromachi period (early 15th century), who is most known for his rivalry with Hatakeyama Masanaga over the position of Kanrei, or Shōgun's Deputy. This rivalry grew out of the larger ...

took up positions around the Muromachi-dono, the Ashikaga residence in Heian-kyō where the Shōgun made his headquarters. They sent for Ashikaga Yoshimi, and they also invited former-

Emperor Go-Hanazono (July 10, 1418 – January 18, 1471) was the 102nd emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession.Imperial Household Agency (''Kunaichō'')後花園天皇 (102) retrieved 2013-8-28. His reign spanned the years from 1428 throug ...

and Go-Tsuchimikado to come themselves to Muromachi to witness for themselves that Hosokawa Katsumoto and Hatakeyama Michinaga would be put to death. For his part, Yoshimi first tried to ameliorate the escalating situation. Failing that, Yoshimi ordered Yoshinari to kill Masanaga, but Yoshinari was overpowered and Masanaga fled the capital. These events caused Souzen and Yoshinari to feel afraid of what might happen next.Titsingh
p. 354.
/ref> * 1467 (''Ōnin 1, 1st month''): The ''nadaijin'' Sayensi-no Saneto was replaced by Hino-no Katsumitsi. * 1467 (''Ōnin 1, 2nd month''): Shiba-no Yoshikado became ''kanrei''; and from this moment forward, the confidence and activities of Katsumoto ceased entirely. He didn't go out at all, and he began to regret that he hadn't joined Masanaga. At the same time, Souzen and Yoshinari despaired as they secretly occupied themselves with preparations for armed confrontation. They informed their clans of their plans, and they began to believe that with support from outside the capital, it would be possible to surmount any number of obstacles. * 1467 (''Ōnin 1, 5th month''): Nijō Mochimitsi was removed from his role as ''kampaku'', and

Ichijō Kaneyoshi , also known as Ichijō Kanera, was the son of regent Tsunetsugu. He was a '' kugyō'' or Japanese court noble of the Muromachi period (1336–1573). He held regent positions sesshō in 1432, and kampaku from 1447 to 1453 and from 1467 to 1470. ...

became his successor.

Higashiyama-dono

The emperor honored Yoshimasa's villa with a special name – ''Higashiyama-dono.'' Construction begins on the Silver Pavilion, but the work is interrupted by a range of disruptions associated with the Ōnin War. Significant dates in this evolving crisis were: * 1460 (''

Chōroku was a after '' Kōshō'' and before ''Kanshō.'' This period spanned the years from September 1457 through December 1460. The reigning emperor was . Change of era * 1457 : The era name was changed to mark an event or a number of events. The ol ...

3''): Yoshimasa initiated planning for construction of a retirement villa and gardens as early as 1460; and after his death, this property would become a Buddhist temple called Jisho-ji (also known as

Ginkaku-ji __NOTOC__ , officially named , is a Zen temple in the Sakyo ward of Kyoto, Japan. It is one of the constructions that represents the Higashiyama Culture of the Muromachi period. History Ashikaga Yoshimasa initiated plans for creating a retirem ...

or the "Silver Pavilion"). * February 21, 1482 (''

14, 4th day of the 2nd month''): The long-delayed construction of the "Silver Pavilion" is actually commenced.Keene, Donald. (2003)
''Yoshimasa and the Silver Pavilion'', p. 87.
/ref>

Notes

References

* Nussbaum, Louis Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). ''Japan Encyclopedia''. Cambridge:

Harvard University Press Harvard University Press (HUP) is a publishing house established on January 13, 1913, as a division of Harvard University, and focused on academic publishing. It is a member of the Association of American University Presses. After the retirem ...

.
OCLC 48943301
* Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). ''

Nihon Ōdai Ichiran , ', is a 17th-century chronicle of the serial reigns of Japanese emperors with brief notes about some of the noteworthy events or other happenings. According to the 1871 edition of the ''American Cyclopaedia'', the 1834 French translation of ...

''; ou
''Annales des empereurs du Japon''.
Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland
OCLC 5850691
* Varley, H. Paul. (1973)
''Japanese Culture: A Short History''.
London: Farber and Farber.
OCLC 2542423

External links

* National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar
– historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection
{{DEFAULTSORT:Onin Japanese eras 1460s in Japan