à La Mode
   HOME

TheInfoList



OR:

Many words in the English vocabulary are of French origin, most coming from the Anglo-Norman spoken by the upper classes in England for several hundred years after the Norman Conquest, before the language settled into what became Modern English. English words of French origin, such as ''art'', ''competition'', ''force'', ''machine'', and ''table'' are pronounced according to English rules of phonology, rather than
French French (french: français(e), link=no) may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to France ** French language, which originated in France, and its various dialects and accents ** French people, a nation and ethnic group identified with Franc ...
, and are commonly used by English speakers without any consciousness of their French origin. This article, on the other hand, covers French words and phrases that have entered the English lexicon without ever losing their character as Gallicisms: they remain unmistakably "French" to an English speaker. They are most common in written English, where they retain French
diacritic A diacritic (also diacritical mark, diacritical point, diacritical sign, or accent) is a glyph added to a letter or to a basic glyph. The term derives from the Ancient Greek (, "distinguishing"), from (, "to distinguish"). The word ''diacriti ...
s and are usually printed in italics. In spoken English, at least some attempt is generally made to pronounce them as they would sound in French; an entirely English pronunciation is regarded as a solecism. Some of them were never "good French", in the sense of being grammatical, idiomatic French usage. Some others were once normal French but have become very old-fashioned, or have acquired different meanings and connotations in the original language, to the extent that they would not be understood (either at all, or in the intended sense) by a native French speaker.


Used in English and French


A

; à la: short for ( ellipsis of) ''à la manière de''; in the manner of/in the style of ; à la carte: lit. "on the card, i.e. menu"; In restaurants it refers to ordering individual dishes "à la carte" rather than a fixed-price meal "menu". In America "à la Carte Menu" can be found, an
oxymoron An oxymoron (usual plural oxymorons, more rarely oxymora) is a figure of speech that juxtaposes concepts with opposing meanings within a word or phrase that creates an ostensible self-contradiction. An oxymoron can be used as a rhetorical devi ...
and a
pleonasm Pleonasm (; , ) is redundancy in linguistic expression, such as "black darkness" or "burning fire". It is a manifestation of tautology by traditional rhetorical criteria and might be considered a fault of style. Pleonasm may also be used for em ...
. ; à propos: regarding/concerning (the correct French syntax is ''à propos de'') ; aide-de-camp: lit. "camp helper"; A military officer who serves as an adjutant to a higher-ranking officer, prince or other high political dignitary. ;
aide-mémoire Aide-mémoire (, "memory aid") is a French loanword meaning "a memory-aid; a reminder or memorandum, especially a book or document serving this purpose". In international relations, an aide-mémoire is a proposed agreement or negotiating text c ...
: lit. "memory aid"; an object or memorandum to assist in remembrance, or a diplomatic paper proposing the major points of discussion ; amour propre: "Self-love", Self-respect. ; amuse-bouche or amuse-gueule: lit. "mouth-amuser"; a single, bite-sized
hors d'œuvre An hors d'oeuvre ( ; french: hors-d'œuvre ), appetiser or starter is a small dish served before a meal in European cuisine. Some hors d'oeuvres are served cold, others hot. Hors d'oeuvres may be served at the dinner table as a part of the m ...
. In France, the exact expression used is ''amuse-gueule'', ''gueule'' being slang for mouth (''gueule'' is the mouth of a carnivorous animal; when used to describe the mouth of a human, it is vulgarakin to "gob" although the expression in itself is not vulgar). The expression refers to a small mouthful of food, served at the discretion of the chef before a meal as an hors d'oeuvre or between main courses. ;
ancien régime ''Ancien'' may refer to * the French word for "ancient, old" ** Société des anciens textes français * the French for "former, senior" ** Virelai ancien ** Ancien Régime ** Ancien Régime in France {{disambig ...
: a sociopolitical or other system that no longer exists, an allusion to pre-revolutionary France (used with capital letters in French with this meaning:
Ancien Régime ''Ancien'' may refer to * the French word for "ancient, old" ** Société des anciens textes français * the French for "former, senior" ** Virelai ancien ** Ancien Régime ** Ancien Régime in France {{disambig ...
) ;
aperçu {{Short pages monitor International authorities have adopted a number of words and phrases from French for use by speakers of all languages in voice communications during air-sea rescues. Note that the "phonetic" versions of spelling are presented as shown and not the Help:IPA, IPA. ; Securité, SECURITAY: (''sécurité'', "safety") the following is a safety message or warning, the lowest level of danger. ; Pan-pan, PAN PAN: (''panne'', "breakdown") the following is a message concerning a danger to a person or ship, the next level of danger. ; Mayday (distress signal), MAYDAY: (''[venez] m'aider'', come to help me"; ''aidez-moi'' means "help me") the following is a message of extreme urgency, the highest level of danger. ''(MAYDAY is used on voice channels for the same uses as SOS on Morse code, Morse channels.)'' ; Seelonce, SEELONCE: (''silence'', "silence") keep this channel clear for air-sea rescue communications. ; SEELONCE FEE NEE: (''silence fini'', "silence is over") this channel is now available again. ; PRU DONCE: (''prudence'', "prudence") silence partially lifted, channel may be used again for urgent non-distress communication. ; MAY DEE CAL: (''médical'', "medical") medical assistance needed. It is a serious breach in most countries, and in international zones, to use any of these phrases without justification. ''See Mayday (distress signal) for a more detailed explanation.''


See also

* Glossary of ballet, which is predominantly French * Glossary of fencing, which are often in French * Franglais * French language * Law French * List of English words of French origin, English words of French origin * List of pseudo-French words adapted to English, Pseudo-Gallicisms * List of German expressions in English, German expressions in English * List of Greek phrases, Greek phrases * List of Latin phrases, Latin phrases * List of Latin words with English derivatives, Latin words with English derivatives * List of French loanwords in Persian, French loanwords in Persian


References


Further reading

* Francoise Blanchard, Jeremy Leven. ''Say Chic: A Collection of French Words We Can't Live Without''. Simon and Schuster. 2007. 144 pages * Winokur, J., ''Je Ne Sais What?: A Guide to'' de rigueur ''Frenglish for Readers, Writers, and Speakers''


External links


''Communications Instructions, Distress and Rescue Procedures'' (pdf)
Combined Communications Electronics Board, Combined Communications-Electronics Board
''Online Etymology Dictionary''
, Harper, D. *

(John Aldrich, University of Southampton) See Section on Contribution of French. {{DEFAULTSORT:List Of French Words And Phrases Used By English Speakers Lists of phrases, French French words and phrases, Lists of English words of French origin,