Wu Heling (1896–1980) was a politician in the

Republic of China Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia, at the junction of the East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, with the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the northwest, Japan to the northeast ...

. He was born in Hortin Right Banner, Zhelimu League (now

Horqin District Horqin District (Mongolian script: ; ) is an administrative district of the prefecture-level city of Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, China, and its seat of government. The district was formed in January 1999 upon the creation of the prefecture-level ...

Tongliao Tongliao (; mn, ''Tüŋliyou qota'', Mongolian Cyrillic: Байшинт хот) is a prefecture-level city in eastern Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China. The area is and as of the 2020 census, its population was 2,873,168 (3,139,153 i ...

Inner Mongolia Inner Mongolia, officially the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, is an autonomous region of the People's Republic of China. Its border includes most of the length of China's border with the country of Mongolia. Inner Mongolia also accounts for a ...

. His Mongolian name was Ünenbayan.. His name is usually transcribed into

Chinese character Chinese characters () are logograms developed for the Written Chinese, writing of Chinese. In addition, they have been adapted to write other East Asian languages, and remain a key component of the Japanese writing system where they are k ...

s as ; see for example . He was ethnic Mongol, and participated in the Mongolian Autonomous Movement. Heling became an important politician in the Mongolian United Autonomous Government and the Mongolian Autonomous Federation ().

Early life and education

Wu graduated from the

Chengde Chengde, formerly known as Jehol and Rehe, is a prefecture-level city in Hebei province, situated about 225 km northeast of Beijing. It is best known as the site of the Mountain Resort, a vast imperial garden and palace formerly used by t ...

Normal School in what was then

Rehe Province Rehe (), also romanized as Jehol, was a former Chinese special administrative region and province. Administration Rehe was north of the Great Wall, west of Manchuria, and east of Mongolia. Its capital and largest city was Chengde. The second ...

, and afterwards the Beijing Law College. In 1918 he entered

Peking University Peking University (PKU; ) is a public research university in Beijing, China. The university is funded by the Ministry of Education. Peking University was established as the Imperial University of Peking in 1898 when it received its royal charter ...

, while he worked at the Minister of Interior, Beijing Government. He also provided support to Prince

Gungsangnorbu Gungsangnorbu (1871 – 1930) was an Inner Mongolian jasagh and politician of the Republic of China. Some scholars describe him as a moderate, progressive moderniser caught between the influence of conservative older leaders and young radicals. ...

of Harqin Right Banner at the office for Mongolian and Tibetan. At that time, he also worked at

Beijing Normal University Beijing Normal University (BNU, ), colloquially known as Beishida (), is a public research university located in Beijing, China, with a strong emphasis on humanities and sciences. It is one of the oldest and most prestigious universities in China ...

and was vice-secretary-general of the Beijing Young Christian Association. He graduated from Peking University in 1926, and not long after joined the

Kuomintang The Kuomintang (KMT), also referred to as the Guomindang (GMD), the Nationalist Party of China (NPC) or the Chinese Nationalist Party (CNP), is a major political party in the Republic of China, initially on the Chinese mainland and in Tai ...

Political career

In April 1929 Wu was appointed chief of the office for Mongolian Banner to Beiping, and Counselor of the

Mongolian and Tibetan Affairs Commission The Mongolian and Tibetan Affairs Commission (MTAC) was a ministry-level commission of the Executive Yuan in the Republic of China. It was disbanded on 15 September 2017. History The first model was created during the Qing dynasty in 1636 a ...

, National Government. The following January he transferred to the position of Chief Office for Mongolian Affairs of the Mongolian and Tibetan Affairs Commission. In June 1932 he returned to his old job as the Counselor of the Commission. In March 1934 he was appointed a member of the

Mongol Local Autonomy Political Affairs Committee The Mongol Local Autonomy Political Affairs Committee (蒙古地方自治政務委員會), also referred to as the Pailingmiao Council or Peilingmiao Council, was a political body of ethnic Mongols in the Chinese Republic. The Nationalist governm ...

and of the Mongolian and Tibetan Affairs Commission. In September he was appointed Chief of Counselor of the Counseling Agency, Mongolian Local Autonomy Political Council. In May 1936

Yondonwangchug Yondonwangchug (1870 – March 24, 1938) was an Inner Mongolian nobleman of Ulanqab League and politician under the Qing Dynasty, Republic of China and Mengjiang governments. Names His name Yondonwangchug, also spelled Yondonvanchig or Yunden Wa ...

and

Demchugdongrub Demchugdongrub ( mn, , Demchigdonrob, Дэмчигдонров, translit=Demchigdonrov, , Chinese: 德穆楚克棟魯普, 8 February 1902– 23 May 1966), also known as Prince De ( zh, 德王), courtesy name Xixian ( zh, 希賢), was a Qing ...

established the

Mongol Military Government Mengjiang, also known as Mengkiang or the Mongol Border Land, and governed as the Mengjiang United Autonomous Government, was an autonomous area in Inner Mongolia, formed in 1939 as a puppet state of the Empire of Japan, then from 1940 being ...

, in which Wu also participated: he was appointed Director of the Counseling Bureau and Sub-General () and to other positions. In October 1937 he was appointed President of the House of Counselors,

Mongol United Autonomous Government The Mongol United Autonomous Government was a Empire of Japan, Japanese Puppet state, puppet regime in Inner Mongolia from 1937 to 1939. History Following the Marco Polo Bridge Incident, Japanese troops were eager to sent troops into Inner Mongo ...

. In September 1939 he became Counselor of the House of Counselors in that government. He was promoted to the position of Chairman of the House the following year. In 1941 he was appointed President of the House for Political Affairs, Mongolian Autonomous Federation. Later he also sat as President of the Preparatory School for Studying in Japan. After the Mongolian Autonomous Federation collapsed, Wu returned to

Chiang Kai-shek Chiang Kai-shek (31 October 1887 – 5 April 1975), also known as Chiang Chung-cheng and Jiang Jieshi, was a Chinese Nationalist politician, revolutionary, and military leader who served as the leader of the Republic of China (ROC) from 1928 ...

's National Government, and was appointed Chief of the Advertising Association of the Military Commission. In 1949 he participated in the Western Mongolian Autonomous Movement; after the failure of this movement, he escaped to

Taiwan Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia, at the junction of the East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, with the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the northwest, Japan to the nort ...

. Wu died in 1980.

References

Bibliography

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Mongolian Culture Web () * * * {{Authority control 1896 births 1980 deaths People from Tongliao Republic of China politicians from Inner Mongolia Mongol collaborators with Imperial Japan