Ösel Tendzin (), born Thomas Frederick Rich Jr. (June 28, 1943 – August 25, 1990), was an American

Buddhist Buddhism ( , ), also known as Buddha Dharma and Dharmavinaya (), is an Indian religion or philosophical tradition based on teachings attributed to the Buddha. It originated in northern India as a -movement in the 5th century BCE, and ...

. He was the principal student of

Chögyam Trungpa Chögyam Trungpa ( Wylie: ''Chos rgyam Drung pa''; March 5, 1939 – April 4, 1987) was a Tibetan Buddhist meditation master and holder of both the Kagyu and Nyingma lineages of Tibetan Buddhism, the 11th of the Trungpa tülkus, a tertön, sup ...

. On August 22, 1976, Trungpa empowered Tendzin as his Vajra Regent and first Western lineage holder in the

Karma Kagyu Karma Kagyu (), or Kamtsang Kagyu (), is a widely practiced and probably the second-largest lineage within the Kagyu school, one of the four major schools of Tibetan Buddhism. The lineage has long-standing monasteries in Tibet, China, Russia, ...

and

Nyingma Nyingma (literally 'old school') is the oldest of the four major schools of Tibetan Buddhism. It is also often referred to as ''Ngangyur'' (, ), "order of the ancient translations". The Nyingma school is founded on the first lineages and transl ...

schools of

Tibetan Buddhism Tibetan Buddhism (also referred to as Indo-Tibetan Buddhism, Lamaism, Lamaistic Buddhism, Himalayan Buddhism, and Northern Buddhism) is the form of Buddhism practiced in Tibet and Bhutan, where it is the dominant religion. It is also in majo ...

. On August 25, 1990, Tendzin died of

HIV/AIDS Human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is a spectrum of conditions caused by infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a retrovirus. Following initial infection an individual ...

San Francisco, California San Francisco (; Spanish for " Saint Francis"), officially the City and County of San Francisco, is the commercial, financial, and cultural center of Northern California. The city proper is the fourth most populous in California and 17th ...

, aged 47. His wife, Lila Rich, and a group of his students continue to live in Ojai, California.

History

Early life

Tendzin's original full birth name was Thomas Frederick Rich Jr. He was born on June 28, 1943 in Passaic, New Jersey. He graduated in 1965 from Fordham University, initially working as a physical therapist in New York and

Los Angeles Los Angeles ( ; es, Los Ángeles, link=no , ), often referred to by its initials L.A., is the List of municipalities in California, largest city in the U.S. state, state of California and the List of United States cities by population, sec ...

. Before joining Trungpa's

Vajradhatu Vajradhatu was the name of the umbrella organization of Chögyam Trungpa Rinpoche, one of the first Tibetan Buddhist lamas to visit and teach in the West. It served as the vehicle for the promulgation of his Buddhist teachings, and was also the na ...

community, he studied with

Satchidananda Saraswati Satchidananda Saraswati (; 22 December 1914 – 19 August 2002), born C. K. Ramaswamy Gounder and usually known as Swami Satchidananda, was an Indian yoga guru and religious teacher, who gained fame and following in the West. He founded his own ...

, who gave him the name Narayana.

Vajradhatu

In February 1971, Tendzin first met Trungpa in Boulder, Colorado. According to Tendzin, Trungpa revealed his intention to make Tendzin his successor not long after their initial meeting. Starting in 1973 Tendzin held various roles in

's management. He served on the initial board of directors and as an executive vice-president. In April 1976, Tendzin's Regency was announced to the community for the first time. Trungpa recounted the moment in a later edition of his memoir, writing, "to ensure that everything will not stop at my death, it is necessary to have one person as an inheritor, someone whom I can train and observe over a period of many years. For a long time it was in my mind to appoint Narayana to this role, and in the summer of 1976 I did so, empowering him as Dorje Gyaltsap, Vajra Regent." In his foreword to the Tendzin's 1987 book ''Buddha in the Palm of Your Hand'', Trungpa elaborated on his decision: Tendzin assumed leadership of the organization in 1987 after Trungpa's death.

Satdharma

In 1989, Tendzin moved to Ojai, California with some of his students. After his death, those students led by Patrick Sweeney — whom Tendzin had chosen as his lineage holder and successor — created an organization called Satdharma. It was formally incorporated in 1992 to continue Tendzin's lineage, separate from Vajradhatu.

Controversy

Among Tendzin's controversial actions was his rejection of the recommendation of senior Kagyu lineage holder the

Tai Situpa Tai Situpa (; from ) is one of the oldest lineages of tulkus (reincarnated lamas) in the Kagyu school of Tibetan Buddhism In Tibetan Buddhism tradition, Kenting Tai Situpa is considered as emanation of Bodhisattva Maitreya and Guru Padmasambhava ...

to take over leadership of Vajradhatu in conjunction with

's half-brother, Damchu Tenphel, who resided in Tibet. This was "regarded by members as a serious slight to lineage authorities and was construed as the Regent's attempt to secure his position of control."Eldershaw 2004, p. 229 Also controversial was the fact that Tendzin "took further action to buttress his centrality by denying students permission to seek teachings from other Kagyu Tibetan teachers, claiming that only he possessed the special transmission, materials and knowledge unique to the Trungpa lineage. Students were told that if they wanted to practice within the community, they would have to take spiritual instruction from the Regent." Other behavior was troubling as well. As one scholar who has studied the community noted, Tendzin was "bisexual and known to be very promiscuous" and "enjoyed seducing straight men" but the community "did not find his behaviorparticularly troublesome."Eldershaw 2004, p. 226 Not all his partners were unwilling; one scholar noted "it became a mark of prestige for a man, gay or straight, to have sex with the Regent, just as it had been for a woman to have sex with rungpa/nowiki> Rinpoche", but at least one student reported that Tendzin had raped him. As a former Vajradhatu member attested, "a chilling story had recently been reported by one of ... /nowiki>the/nowiki> teachers at the Buddhist private school /nowiki>for the Vajradhatu community/nowiki>. This straight, married male was pinned face-down across Rich's desk by the guards Dorje_Kasung.html" ;"title="Shambhala Buddhism#Dorje Kasung">Dorje Kasung">Shambhala Buddhism#Dorje Kasung">Dorje Kasung/nowiki> while Rich forcibly raped him." It was revealed in 1989 that Tendzin had contracted HIV and for nearly three years knew it, yet continued to have

unprotected sex Safe sex is sexual activity using methods or contraceptive devices (such as condoms) to reduce the risk of transmitting or acquiring sexually transmitted infections (STIs), especially HIV. "Safe sex" is also sometimes referred to as safer ...

with his students without informing them. He transmitted it to a student who later died of AIDS.Steinbeck 2001, pp. 279, 311 Others close to Tendzin, including Vajradhatu's board of directors, knew for two years that Tendzin was HIV-positive and sexually active but kept silent.Coleman 2001, p. 170 As one student reported at the time: Stephen Butterfield, a former student, recounted in a memoir: Butterfield noted: According to Diana Mukpo, Trungpa's wife and widow, he ultimately became disillusioned with Tendzin as his heir, and during his final illness he called Tendzin "terrible" and "dreadful" and indicated that he would have gotten rid of him had he had a suitable candidate to replace him with. Rick Fields, the editor of Vajradhatu's publication the ''Vajradhatu Sun'', wrote that he resigned from his editorial position after Tendzin and the board of directors stopped him from publishing news of the events.Fields (1992) p. 366

Bibliography

* ''Buddha in the Palm of Your Hand'', Shambhala Publications. Boston, 1982. 0-87773-223-X * ''Space, Time and Energy'', Vajra Regent Ösel Tendzin, Satdharma Publications, 2000. * ''Like Water Poured into Water'', Vajra Regent Ösel Tendzin, Foreword by Lady Lila Rich; Introduction by Patrick Sweeney, Satdharma Publications, 2006.

Notes

References

* Butterfield, Stephen T. (1994). The ''Double Mirror: A Skeptical Journey into Buddhist Tantra''. *Coleman, James William. ''The New Buddhism: The Western Transformation of an Ancient Tradition'' (2001) Oxford University Press. * Dart, John (1989). "Buddhist Sect Alarmed by Reports that Leader Kept his AIDS a Secret", ''The Los Angeles Times'', March 3, 198
link
*Eldershaw, Lynn P. "Collective identity and the post-charismatic fate of Shambhala International", 2004 Ph. D. thesis,

University of Waterloo The University of Waterloo (UWaterloo, UW, or Waterloo) is a public research university with a main campus in Waterloo, Ontario, Canada. The main campus is on of land adjacent to "Uptown" Waterloo and Waterloo Park. The university also operates ...

; also, "Collective Identity and the Postcharismatic Fate of Shambhala International", an article drawn from this thesis published in '' Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions'', (2007) Vol. 10 No. 4, pp. 72–102, , * Fields, Rick (1992). ''How the Swans Came to the Lake''. * Hayward, Jeremy (2007). ''Warrior-King of Shambhala: Remembering Chogyam Trungpa'' * Mukpo, Diana (2006). ''Dragon Thunder: My Life with Chogyam Trungpa'', * John Steinbeck IV and Nancy Steinbeck (2001). ''The Other Side of Eden: Life with John Steinbeck'', Prometheus Books. * Week in Review Desk
"HEADLINERS; A Church's Turmoil,"
''The New York Times'', February 26, 1989

External links

Homepage of Satdharma, the organization founded by Ösel Tenzin's dharma heir Patrick Sweeney
{{DEFAULTSORT:Tendzin, Osel 1990 deaths AIDS-related deaths in California Lamas Tibetan Buddhists from the United States 1943 births People from Passaic, New Jersey Fordham University alumni Bisexual men LGBT Buddhists