Éragny (; sometimes unofficially called Éragny-sur-Oise ) is a
commune
A commune is an alternative term for an intentional community. Commune or comună or comune or other derivations may also refer to:
Administrative-territorial entities
* Commune (administrative division), a municipality or township
** Communes of ...
in the northwestern suburbs of
Paris
Paris () is the Capital city, capital and List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants, most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), ma ...
,
France
France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. Its metropolitan area ...
Cergy-Pontoise
Cergy-Pontoise () is a new town and an agglomeration community in France, in the Val-d'Oise and Yvelines departments, northwest of Paris on the river Oise. It owes its name to two of the communes that it covers, Cergy and Pontoise. Its populatio ...
,
Val-d'Oise
Val-d'Oise (, "Vale of the Oise") is a department in the ÃŽle-de-France region, Northern France. It was created in 1968 following the split of the Seine-et-Oise department. In 2019, Val-d'Oise had a population of 1,249,674.
The population figures show very light growth the 30 last years after the very strong growth of 1975/1982. By contrast,
Cergy-Pontoise
Cergy-Pontoise () is a new town and an agglomeration community in France, in the Val-d'Oise and Yvelines departments, northwest of Paris on the river Oise. It owes its name to two of the communes that it covers, Cergy and Pontoise. Its populatio ...
, over the same period a growth of 16.16% posted (1,049,598 into 90, 1,105,464 into 99), showing that the area is still in fast progression. The current density (of 1999) is of 3,588 inhabitants by km2. It very in a decade of that of
Paris
Paris () is the Capital city, capital and List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants, most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), ma ...
(of less than 10,000 inhabitants/km2 in the 1st with more than 40,000 inhabitants/km2 in the 11th, given in 1999), and with the top of the average density of
(900 inhabitants/km2), which is normal for an urban zone.
Buildings
History
*1968: 1,056
*1975: 1,289
*1982: 5,138
*1990: 5,664
*1999: 5,682
The distribution and approximately of 50/50 for the area, the proportion collective/individual is also 50/50, which shows a balance in the distribution. Development and population growth was at a peak between 1975 and 1982 but has declined recently (18 in 9 years). This weak current rate of construction of residences reflects demand. Density of residences is still low for an urban area at 1200 /km2.
List of successive mayors :
Thibault Humbert (UMP) 2014 - 2020
Dominique Gillot (PS) 2001 - 2014
Murielle De Coster (UDF) 1995 - 2001
Louis Don Marino (PCF) 1971 - 1995
Geography
* Area: 1.82 mile² (4.7 km2)
* Altitude: 52 m
History
Situated on the Oise river, Éragny remained a small village until the 20th century. Its original inhabitants probably settled around the town's
fountain
A fountain, from the Latin "fons" (genitive "fontis"), meaning source or spring, is a decorative reservoir used for discharging water. It is also a structure that jets water into the air for a decorative or dramatic effect.
Fountains were ori ...
during the Roman period and named the place Heriniacus or Areniacus. The site changed names several times over the following centuries - Eraisgny, Eraigny, Erargny, and finally settling on Éragny by the 10th century.
Local quarries have yielded stone tools from the Lower and Middle Palaeolithic.
Éragny and Conflans-Sainte-Honorine (Yvelines) were once a single parish, with Éragny the main settlement.
Documents from around 1100 AD spell the name as Herigniacus or Erinniacus.
In the early 12th century the vicomte de Pontoise, Raoul Deliès, gave a church dedicated to Saint Germain of Paris to the Cluniac Priory of Saint-Martin-des-Champs.
It is in 1564 that Jean d'Alessa came from Italy to buy the seigniory of Éragny.
Jean d'Alesso (1513–72) was the first known seigneur of Éragny.
He was treasurer of the constable Anne de Montmorency (1492–1567) and adviser of King
Charles IX of France
Charles IX (Charles Maximilien; 27 June 1550 – 30 May 1574) was King of France from 1560 until his death in 1574. He ascended the French throne upon the death of his brother Francis II in 1560, and as such was the penultimate monarch of the ...
French Revolution
The French Revolution ( ) was a period of radical political and societal change in France that began with the Estates General of 1789 and ended with the formation of the French Consulate in coup of 18 Brumaire, November 1799. Many of its ...
when they were confiscated as "emigrated possession".
In the 18th century the village was concentrated on the hillside above the floodplain, and the land was covered with crops, vineyards and woods.
There were stone quarries in the meander of the river.
A windmill was built shortly before the
French Revolution
The French Revolution ( ) was a period of radical political and societal change in France that began with the Estates General of 1789 and ended with the formation of the French Consulate in coup of 18 Brumaire, November 1799. Many of its ...
.
It was demolished in 1841.
In 1804 the botanist and novelist
Jacques-Henri Bernardin de Saint-Pierre
Jacques-Henri Bernardin de Saint-Pierre (also called Bernardin de St. Pierre) (19 January 1737, in Le Havre – 21 January 1814, in Éragny, Val-d'Oise) was a French writer and botanist. He is best known for his 1788 novel '' Paul et Virginie'', ...
(1737–1814) came to live in the former presbytery of the village.
He was the author of ''Paul and Virginie'', and disciple of
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Jean-Jacques Rousseau (, ; 28 June 1712 – 2 July 1778) was a Genevan philosopher, writer, and composer. His political philosophy influenced the progress of the Age of Enlightenment throughout Europe, as well as aspects of the French Revolu ...
. After his death in 1814, the village remained relatively unknown. At that time, the town had fewer than 500 inhabitants, consisting mainly of
farmer
A farmer is a person engaged in agriculture, raising living organisms for food or raw materials. The term usually applies to people who do some combination of raising field crops, orchards, vineyards, poultry, or other livestock. A farmer m ...
s.
The village held a telegraph tower, part of a private line from Paris to Le Havre, until 1835.
The church was destroyed in
World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing ...
by a crashed English airplane, and was rebuilt in the 1950s.
In 1868, almost half of the territory of Éragny was detached and became the commune of
Neuville-sur-Oise
Neuville-sur-Oise () is a commune in the Val-d'Oise department, in the northwest suburbs of Paris, France. It is located in the "new town" of Cergy-Pontoise, created in the 1960s.
Neuville-sur-Oise is a rather anonymous village between Jouy-le-M ...
.
With the arrival of the
railroad
Rail transport (also known as train transport) is a means of transport that transfers passengers and goods on wheeled vehicles running on rails, which are incorporated in tracks. In contrast to road transport, where the vehicles run on a pre ...
started the exploitation of quarries used until then for local needs.
The rise of the ville nouvelle of Cergy-Pontoise, at the end of the 1960s, led to the town's population to mushroom. Many streets were born on what is called "le plateau" and Éragny took today's aspect with about 16,000 inhabitants loving their good living town.
Transilien Paris – Saint-Lazare
Transilien Paris-Saint-Lazare is one of the sectors in the Paris Transilien suburban rail network. The trains on this sector depart from Gare Saint-Lazare in central Paris and serve the north and north-west of ÃŽle-de-France region with Transilien ...
Samuel Paty
The murder of Samuel Paty (), a French secondary school teacher, took place on 16 October 2020 in Éragny-sur-Oise, a suburb of Paris. Paty was killed and beheaded by an Islamist terrorist.
The perpetrator, Abdoullakh Abouyedovich Anzorov, an ...
, middle school teacher killed and beheading in 2020 in Islamist terrorist attack.