Émile Charles Achard (24 July 1860 – 7 August 1944) was a French internist born in

Paris Paris () is the capital and most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), making it the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2020. S ...

. In Paris, he served as ''médecin des hôpitaux'' (from 1893), later becoming a professor of general

pathology Pathology is the study of the causes and effects of disease or injury. The word ''pathology'' also refers to the study of disease in general, incorporating a wide range of biology research fields and medical practices. However, when used in ...

and

therapeutics A therapy or medical treatment (often abbreviated tx, Tx, or Tx) is the attempted remediation of a health problem, usually following a medical diagnosis. As a rule, each therapy has indications and contraindications. There are many different ...

. In 1910, he was appointed professor of internal medicine at the

University of Paris , image_name = Coat of arms of the University of Paris.svg , image_size = 150px , caption = Coat of Arms , latin_name = Universitas magistrorum et scholarium Parisiensis , motto = ''Hic et ubique terrarum'' (Latin) , mottoeng = Here and a ...

(

Hôpital Beaujon The Beaujon Hospital () is located in Clichy, Paris, France and is operated by APHDP. It was named after Nicolas Beaujon, an eighteenth-century French banker. It opened in 1935 and was designed by Jean Walter Jean Walter, (Montbéliard, 1883, ...

). During his career, he also served as a physician at

Hôpital Cochin The Hôpital Cochin is a hospital of public assistance in the rue du Faubourg-Saint-Jacques Paris 14e. It houses the central burn treatment centre of the city. The Hôpital Cochin is a section of the Faculté de Médecine Paris-Descartes. It comm ...

Portrait of Emile Charles Achard Wellcome M0016644

In 1896, along with Raoul Bensaude (1866–1938), he identified a disease he called

paratyphoid fever Paratyphoid fever, also known simply as paratyphoid, is a bacterial infection caused by one of the three types of ''Salmonella enterica''. Symptoms usually begin 6–30 days after exposure and are the same as those of typhoid fever. Often, a grad ...

. They were able to isolate the cause of illness to a microbe now classified as ''

salmonella paratyphi ''Salmonella enterica'' subsp. ''enterica'' is a subspecies of ''Salmonella enterica'', the rod-shaped, flagellated, aerobic, Gram-negative bacterium. Many of the pathogenic serovars of the ''S. enterica'' species are in this subspecies, includin ...

B''. A postmenopausal condition known as "diabetic-bearded woman syndrome" is sometimes referred to as " Achard-Thiers syndrome", and the eponymous " Achard syndrome" is a disorder characterized by arachnodactyly, brachycephaly, a receding lower jaw and joint laxity in the extremities.Achard's syndrome
@ Who Named It. In 1897, along with internist

Joseph Castaigne Joseph Philippe Emmanuel Castaigne (27 February 1871 – 21 September 1951) was a French internist who was a native of Bassac, Charente. He studied medicine in Paris, later becoming ''médecin des hôpitaux'' in 1908. During World War I, he was r ...

(1871–1951), he developed a urinary test using

methylene blue Methylthioninium chloride, commonly called methylene blue, is a salt used as a dye and as a medication. Methylene blue is a thiazine dye. As a medication, it is mainly used to treat methemoglobinemia by converting the ferric iron in hemoglobin ...

dye for examining the excretory function of the kidneys. The procedure was to become known as the "Achard-Castaigne test". With Castaigne and

Georges Maurice Debove Georges Maurice Debove (11 March 1845, Clignancourt – 19 November 1920) was a French internist and pathologist. In 1869 he received his internship in Paris, followed by agrégation in 1878. From 1890 to 1900, he served as a professor to ...

(1845-1920), he published ''Manuel des maladies du tube digestif''.

References

''Emile Achard''
@ Who Named It {{DEFAULTSORT:Achard, Emile 1860 births 1944 deaths Scientists from Paris Academic staff of the University of Paris Members of the French Academy of Sciences French pathologists French internists