The .30-30 Winchester/.30 Winchester Center Fire cartridge was first marketed in 1895 for the
Winchester Model 1894 lever-action rifle.
[Load Guide]
data from Accurate Powder. The .30-30 (or "thirty-thirty"), as it is most commonly known, and the .25-35 were offered that year as the United States's first
small-bore Small-bore refers to calibers with a diameter of .32 inches or smaller. It may also refer to small-bore rifle competition. The medium-bore refers to calibers with a diameter between .33 inches up to .39 inches and large-bore refers to calibers with ...
sporting rifle cartridges designed for
smokeless powder
Finnish smokeless powderSmokeless powder is a type of propellant used in firearms and artillery that produces less smoke and less fouling when fired compared to gunpowder ("black powder"). The combustion products are mainly gaseous, compared to ...
. Since its introduction, it has been surpassed by many cartridges in the long-range shooting attributes of speed, energy, and trajectory,
[Ron Spomer.]
Whitetail Deer Cartridge Shoot-Out: .30-30 Win. vs. .243 Win. vs. .30-06 Springfield
. ''Outdoor Life
''Outdoor Life'' is an outdoors magazine about camping, fishing, hunting, and survival. It is a sister magazine of '' Field & Stream''. Together with '' Sports Afield'', they are considered the Big Three of American outdoor publishing by Mo ...
'', October 28, 2019. Accessed March 4, 2021. yet remains in widespread use because of its practical effectiveness in
forest
A forest is an area of land dominated by trees. Hundreds of definitions of forest are used throughout the world, incorporating factors such as tree density, tree height, land use, legal standing, and ecological function. The United Nations' ...
ed hunting situations.
The .30-30 is by far the most common cartridge shot from
lever action rifles.
[Chuck Hawks.]
The Deer Rifle
. ''ChuckHawks.com.'' Accessed January 26, 2022. The .30-30 is substantially more powerful than the Magnum handgun cartridges (e.g.,
.357,
.44, et al.) also often paired with lever actions, and produces that energy with mild
recoil
Recoil (often called knockback, kickback or simply kick) is the rearward thrust generated when a gun is being discharged. In technical terms, the recoil is a result of conservation of momentum, as according to Newton's third law the force req ...
.
[Chuck Hawks.]
Handgun Cartridges in Rifles
. ''Chuckhawks.com''. Accessed January 25, 2022. While its old rival
.35 Remington produces more ''muzzle'' energy and recoil, the .30-30 will often retain more ''terminal'' energy.
The .30-30 is not commonly used for extreme long-range shooting across
wide-open spaces, but modern innovations in
ballistic tipped bullets for leverguns have moved the long-range capabilities of the .30-30 somewhat closer to parity with higher-velocity cartridges.
In any case, a
hunting-specific advantage of the .30-30 over those cartridges is that it leaves lower volumes of spoiled (destroyed or bloodshot)
venison
Venison originally meant the meat of a game animal but now refers primarily to the meat of antlered ungulates such as elk or deer (or antelope in South Africa). Venison can be used to refer to any part of the animal, so long as it is edible, ...
after a kill, leading to less
waste
Waste (or wastes) are unwanted or unusable materials. Waste is any substance discarded after primary use, or is worthless, defective and of no use. A by-product, by contrast is a joint product of relatively minor economic value. A waste pro ...
.
Naming
The .30 Winchester Smokeless first appeared in
Winchester's catalog No. 55, dated August 1895. When chambered in the
Winchester Model 1894 carbine and rifle, it was also known as .30 Winchester Center Fire or .30 WCF. When the cartridge was chambered in the Marlin Model 1893 rifle, rival gunmaker Marlin used the designation .30-30 or .30-30 Smokeless. The added -30 stands for the standard load of of early
smokeless powder
Finnish smokeless powderSmokeless powder is a type of propellant used in firearms and artillery that produces less smoke and less fouling when fired compared to gunpowder ("black powder"). The combustion products are mainly gaseous, compared to ...
and is based on late-19th century American naming conventions for black powder-filled cartridges. Both
Marlin
Marlins are fish from the family Istiophoridae, which includes about 10 species. A marlin has an elongated body, a spear-like snout or bill, and a long, rigid dorsal fin which extends forward to form a crest. Its common name is thought to deriv ...
and
Union Metallic Cartridge Co. also dropped the Winchester appellation, as they did not want to put the name of rival Winchester on their products.
The modern designation of .30-30 Winchester was arrived at by using Marlin's variation of the name with the Winchester name appended as originator of the cartridge, but .30 WCF is still seen occasionally.
Characteristics and use
![Winchester94 forest](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/48/Winchester94_forest.jpg)
When the .30 WCF was introduced, it was seen as fast and flat-shooting: 160 or 165 grains at 1,900 to 2,000 fps and a 4 inch drop at 200 yards if sighted in for 150 yards. The cartridge's common loads are 150 grain (MV 2,390 fps from a 24-inch barrel) and 170 grain (MV 2200 fps from a 24-inch barrel).
In Canada and the U.S., the cartridge has likely, at some point, been used on all big game species. More recently, it has been used on whitetail, mule deer, pronghorn, caribou, elk, moose, and black bear. It is commonly said that in the U.S. and Canada more deer have been killed with the .30-30 than with any other cartridge, and perhaps this was true for a time in the U.S. It is unlikely to be true in Canada where, for a period, military surplus rifles in .303 British were widely available and used; they were cheaper than lever-action rifles and the cartridge was more powerful than the .30-30. The .30-30 is commonly seen as usable on deer up to 150 to 200 yards.
In Canada the .30-30 has a long history of use on moose—one writer calling it "a standby for moose" in Canada's northern forests. In some circles it continues to be used, yet modern opinions on its suitability for moose are mixed. Paul Robertson, a Canadian hunting firearms columnist, says, "Too many moose have been taken with the 30/30 to rule it out as good for this purpose as well." The .30-30 is legal for hunting moose in
Newfoundland
Newfoundland and Labrador (; french: Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador; frequently abbreviated as NL) is the easternmost province of Canada, in the country's Atlantic region. The province comprises the island of Newfoundland and the continental region ...
, Canada, but provincial authorities do not recommend its use. The cartridge, with flat- or round-nosed bullets in standard loadings, does not meet minimum energy standards required for moose hunting in Finland, Norway, or Sweden. Thor Strimbold, a Canadian who has made more than 20 one-shot kills on moose with a .30-30, advises most moose hunters to use more than minimal power if they can handle the recoil. It is generally agreed that the .30-30 is not a good choice for hunters who wish to shoot animals at longer ranges. Hunting technique and style, as well as law and culture, influence cartridge choices.
One reason for the .30-30's popularity among deer hunters is its light
recoil
Recoil (often called knockback, kickback or simply kick) is the rearward thrust generated when a gun is being discharged. In technical terms, the recoil is a result of conservation of momentum, as according to Newton's third law the force req ...
. Average recoil from a typical 150-grain load at in a rifle is of felt recoil at the shooter's shoulder, about half that of a comparable rifle chambered for the
.30-06 Springfield. Among some hunters, though, the .30-30 has been replaced by cartridges such as the
.243 Winchester,
7mm-08 Remington, and
6.5 Creedmoor, which also offer light recoil along with more speed, energy, and a flatter trajectory.
For a period of time the Model 94 in .30-30 was relatively inexpensive, which helped its popularity. Today the cost of a .30-30 is matched by some entry-level bolt-action sporting rifles. The .30-30 remains popular, though, among some hunters who value a short, handy rifle used at ranges that will likely not exceed 150 yards (137 meters). Mlllions of rifles have been produced in this caliber, with many passed on to a new generation of hunters. The practicality of hunting with an inherited rifle and cartridge, especially if the combination has been seen as effective at modest range, is an important factor in some circles. The widespread availability of .30-30 loads, which can cost less than some other calibers, is another factor. New rifles continue to be purchased and cartridge sales are strong.
Because the majority of rifles chambered in .30-30 are lever-action rifles with
tubular magazines, most .30-30 cartridges are loaded with round-nose or flat-nose bullets for safety. This is to prevent a
spitzer-point bullet (the shape seen on the
7.62×51mm NATO above) from setting off the
primer of the cartridge ahead of it in the magazine during recoil, resulting in potentially catastrophic damage to both firearm and shooter. The
Savage Model 99 was introduced in 1899 with a rotary magazine, in part, to avoid that issue. When used in single-shot rifles or handguns, such as the
Thompson Center Arms
Thompson/Center Arms was an American firearms company based in Springfield, Massachusetts. The company was best known for its line of interchangeable-barrel, single-shot pistols and rifles. Thompson/Center also manufactures muzzle-loading rifle ...
Contender or Encore series, it is common for shooters to
hand load the cartridge with spire-point bullets for improved ballistics.
A notable exception to the "no pointed bullets" guideline for bullet selection in rifles with tubular magazines are the new flexible "memory
elastomer
An elastomer is a polymer with viscoelasticity (i.e. both viscosity and elasticity) and with weak intermolecular forces, generally low Young's modulus and high failure strain compared with other materials. The term, a portmanteau of ''elastic ...
"-tipped LEVERevolution cartridges as produced by Hornady. The soft tips of these bullets easily deform under compression, preventing detonations while under recoil in the magazine, yet also return to their original pointed shape when that pressure is removed, thus allowing for a more
efficient bullet shape than previously available to load safely in such rifles. The more aerodynamic shape results in a flatter bullet
trajectory
A trajectory or flight path is the path that an object with mass in motion follows through space as a function of time. In classical mechanics, a trajectory is defined by Hamiltonian mechanics via canonical coordinates; hence, a complete tr ...
and greater retained velocity downrange, significantly increasing the effective range of rifles chambered for this cartridge.
[Hornady LEVERevolution Ammunition]
by Guns and Shooting Online Staff at Chuck Hawks.
Rifles and handguns chambered in .30-30
The .30-30 is by far the most common chambering in lever-action rifles,
such as the
Marlin Model 336 and
Winchester Model 1894. Some earlier
Savage Model 99 rifles were chambered for this cartridge. Current production lever-action rifles include those by Marlin, Mossberg, Henry, and Winchester. Savage also produced a pump-action Model 170, both rifle and carbine, that was available in .30-30. In Europe the .30-30 was occasionally used in a drilling, a three-barrelled firearm (one rifle barrel on top of two shotgun barrels).
The rimmed design is well suited for various
single-shot
Single-shot firearms are firearms that hold only a single round of ammunition, and must be reloaded manually after every shot. The history of firearms began with single-shot designs, then multi-barreled designs appeared, and eventually many cen ...
actions, so it is commonly found there, as well. Rimmed cartridges are chambered in
bolt-action
Bolt-action is a type of manual firearm action that is operated by ''directly'' manipulating the bolt via a bolt handle, which is most commonly placed on the right-hand side of the weapon (as most users are right-handed).
Most bolt-action ...
rifles, but .30-30
bolt action
Bolt-action is a type of manual firearm action that is operated by ''directly'' manipulating the bolt via a bolt handle, which is most commonly placed on the right-hand side of the weapon (as most users are right-handed).
Most bolt-actio ...
s are uncommon today. "At one time Winchester turned out the Model 54 bolt-action repeater in this caliber
30 WCF but it was a decided failure, chiefly because the man desiring a bolt action preferred to take one of the better and more powerful cartridges. However, in this particular caliber, the .30 WCF cartridge proved to be decidedly accurate."
In addition, rimmed cartridges typically do not feed well with the box magazines normally found on bolt-action rifles. Other examples of bolt-action rifles offered in .30-30 Winchester are the Stevens Model 325, the Savage Model 340, the Springfield/Savage 840, and the
Remington 788.
![BFR 30-30, Revolver for Article](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6b/BFR_30-30%2C_Revolver_for_Article.jpg)
In the sport of handgun
metallic silhouette shooting, the .30-30 has been used. The Thompson Center Arms Contender pistol, with its compact frame and
break-action
Break action is a type of firearm action in which the barrel or barrels are hinged much like a door and rotate perpendicularly to the bore axis to expose the breech and allow loading and unloading of cartridges. A separate operation may be requi ...
design, is available for the .30-30 cartridge. The .30-30 will produce velocities of nearly 2000 f/s (610 m/s) out of the 10-in (25-cm) Contender barrel, though recoil and muzzle blast are stronger due to the short barrel. The longer barrel results in significant reductions in felt recoil (due to increased weight) and muzzle blast, with higher velocities, especially if factory-loaded rifle ammunition is used.
Magnum Research offers their five-shot
BFR revolver in .30-30. In the U.S., some handgun hunters use the 30-30. Hunting with a pistol is not permitted in Canada.
Derivative cartridges
In addition to the most common factory derivations, the
.25-35 Winchester (6.5×52mmR) and
.32 Winchester Special, and the less-known
.219 Zipper, the .30-30 has also spawned many
wildcat cartridge
A wildcat cartridge, often shortened to wildcat, is a custom cartridge for which ammunition and/or firearms are not mass-produced. These cartridges are often created in order to optimize a certain performance characteristic (such as the power, si ...
s over the years. One example is the
7-30 Waters, made by necking the .30-30 case down to 7 mm (.284 in). The 7-30 Waters eventually moved from a wildcat design to a factory chambering, with rifles being made by Winchester, and barrels made by Thompson/Center for their Contender pistol. Other .30-30-based wildcats are used almost exclusively in the Contender pistol. One of the more notable examples is the
.30 Herrett, a .30-30 case necked back to reduce case capacity for more efficient loading with fast-burning powders. The .30 Herrett produces higher velocities with less powder than the larger .30-30 case in the short 10- and 14-in (25- and 35-cm) Contender barrels. Other examples are the
.357 Herrett, developed to handle heavier bullets and larger game than the .30 Herrett, and the 7 mm International Rimmed, a popular
metallic silhouette cartridge. Bullberry, a maker of custom Contender barrels, offers proprietary .30-30 wildcats in 6 mm, .25 caliber, and 6.5 mm diameters. In addition,
P.O. Ackley used the cartridge as the basis for the .30-30 Ackley Improved.
See also
*
.300 Savage
*
7 mm caliber
This is a list of firearm
A firearm is any type of gun designed to be readily carried and used by an individual. The term is legally defined further in different countries (see Legal definitions).
The first firearms originated in 10th-cen ...
*
Table of handgun and rifle cartridges
This is a table of selected pistol/submachine gun and rifle/machine gun cartridges by common name. Data values are the highest found for the cartridge, and might not occur in the same load (e.g. the highest muzzle energy might not be in the same ...
References
External links
Chuck Hawksarticle on the .30-30
history of the .30-30
{{DEFAULTSORT:30-30 Winchester
30-30
Pistol and rifle cartridges
Rimmed cartridges