enzymology Enzymes () are proteins that act as biological catalysts by accelerating chemical reactions. The molecules upon which enzymes may act are called substrates, and the enzyme converts the substrates into different molecules known as products. A ...

, a (S)-cheilanthifoline synthase () is an enzyme that

catalyzes Catalysis () is the process of increasing the rate of a chemical reaction by adding a substance known as a catalyst (). Catalysts are not consumed in the reaction and remain unchanged after it. If the reaction is rapid and the catalyst recyc ...

the chemical reaction :(S)-

scoulerine Scoulerine, also known as discretamine and aequaline, is a benzylisoquinoline alkaloid (BIA) that is derived directly from (''S'')-reticuline through the action of berberine bridge enzyme. It is a precursor of other BIAs, notably berberine, nosc ...

+ NADPH + H + O

\rightleftharpoons

(S)-cheilanthifoline + NADP + 2 HO The 4 substrates of this enzyme are (S)-scoulerine,

NADPH Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, abbreviated NADP or, in older notation, TPN (triphosphopyridine nucleotide), is a cofactor used in anabolic reactions, such as the Calvin cycle and lipid and nucleic acid syntheses, which require NAD ...

, H, and O, whereas its 3 products are

(S)-cheilanthifoline (''S'')-Cheilanthifoline is a benzylisoquinoline alkaloid (BIA) which has been isolated from '' Corydalis dubia'' and ''Argemone mexicana''. (''S'')-Cheilanthifoline is metabolically derived from (''S'')-reticuline, a pivotal intermediate in the ...

, NADP, and HO. This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on paired donors, with O2 as oxidant and incorporation or reduction of oxygen. The oxygen incorporated need not be derived from O2 with NADH or NADPH as one donor, and the other dehydrogenated. The systematic name of this enzyme class is (S)-scoulerine,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (methylenedioxy-bridge-forming). This enzyme is also called (S)-scoulerine oxidase (methylenedioxy-bridge-forming). This enzyme participates in

alkaloid biosynthesis i Alkaloids are a class of basic, naturally occurring organic compounds that contain at least one nitrogen atom. This group also includes some related compounds with neutral and even weakly acidic properties. Some synthetic compounds of similar st ...

References

* EC 1.14.21 NADPH-dependent enzymes Enzymes of unknown structure {{1.14-enzyme-stub