Ilut, also spelt ʿAilut ( ar, عيلوط; he, עִלּוּט), is an
Arab
The Arabs (singular: Arab; singular ar, عَرَبِيٌّ, DIN 31635: , , plural ar, عَرَب, DIN 31635: , Arabic pronunciation: ), also known as the Arab people, are an ethnic group mainly inhabiting the Arab world in Western Asia, ...
local council in the
Northern District of
Israel
Israel (; he, יִשְׂרָאֵל, ; ar, إِسْرَائِيل, ), officially the State of Israel ( he, מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל, label=none, translit=Medīnat Yīsrāʾēl; ), is a country in Western Asia. It is situated ...
. It was declared a local council in 1991. In its population was .
Ilut is located to the northwest of
Nazareth. The town is home to the
Ilut Stadium
The Ilut Stadium is a football stadium in Ilut, located near Nazareth in northern Israel. The stadium is the home ground of Maccabi Ahi Nazareth.
Bnei Sakhnin, Hapoel Acre and Hapoel Nazareth Illit
Hapoel Nof HaGalil Football Club (, ar ...
, the home ground of
Maccabi Ahi Nazareth
Maccabi Akhi Nazareth Football Club ( he, מכבי אחי נצרת, ''Mo'adon Kaduregel Maccabi Aḥi Natzrat''; ar, نادي كرة القدم اخاء الناصرة, ''Nade Korat Alqadam Maccabi Ekhaa Al-Nasera'') is an Israeli football club ...
.
History
Sherds from the
Middle Bronze Age II and the
Iron Age
The Iron Age is the final epoch of the three-age division of the prehistory and protohistory of humanity. It was preceded by the Stone Age ( Paleolithic, Mesolithic, Neolithic) and the Bronze Age ( Chalcolithic). The concept has been mostl ...
have been found here.
[Dalali-Amos, 2009]
‘Illut
/ref>
A burial cave from the Persian
Persian may refer to:
* People and things from Iran, historically called ''Persia'' in the English language
** Persians, the majority ethnic group in Iran, not to be conflated with the Iranic peoples
** Persian language, an Iranian language of the ...
era have been excavated and Hellenistic
In Classical antiquity, the Hellenistic period covers the time in Mediterranean history after Classical Greece, between the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC and the emergence of the Roman Empire, as signified by the Battle of Actium in ...
(3rd–2nd centuries BCE), remains have also been found here.[Shalev, 2016, p]
‘Illut
/ref>
Historical geographer, Samuel Klein (1886–1940), suggested identifying the village with the 2nd century town known as ''‘Ayṯoh-lo'', mentioned in rabbinical sources and home to one of the 24 priestly families
Priestly is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Miranda Priestly, a character in ''The Devil Wears Prada''
* Paul Priestly, a character in ''EastEnders''
See also
* Priestley (disambiguation)
* Priestly source, one of the propos ...
that settled in the Galilee after the Bar Kokhba revolt.
A fish breeding pond, made in Roman
Roman or Romans most often refers to:
*Rome, the capital city of Italy
*Ancient Rome, Roman civilization from 8th century BC to 5th century AD
*Roman people, the people of ancient Rome
*'' Epistle to the Romans'', shortened to ''Romans'', a lette ...
era, and in use until the late Byzantine
The Byzantine Empire, also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire or Byzantium, was the continuation of the Roman Empire primarily in its eastern provinces during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, when its capital city was Constantinopl ...
(5th–6th centuries CE) era have been excavated in the centre of Ilut, near a perennial spring. It was probably used for raising St. Peter's fish
Tilapia ( ) is the common name for nearly a hundred species of cichlid fish from the coelotilapine, coptodonine, heterotilapine, oreochromine, pelmatolapiine, and tilapiine tribes (formerly all were "Tilapiini"), with the economically most ...
. Other building remains, pottery and coins have also been found dating from the Roman and Byzantine eras.[
Remains from the ]Umayyad
The Umayyad Caliphate (661–750 CE; , ; ar, ٱلْخِلَافَة ٱلْأُمَوِيَّة, al-Khilāfah al-ʾUmawīyah) was the second of the four major caliphates established after the death of Muhammad. The caliphate was ruled by the ...
(7th–8th centuries CE)[ ]Fatimid
The Fatimid Caliphate was an Ismaili Shi'a caliphate extant from the tenth to the twelfth centuries AD. Spanning a large area of North Africa, it ranged from the Atlantic Ocean in the west to the Red Sea in the east. The Fatimids, a dyna ...
(10th–11th centuries CE)[ ]Abbasid
The Abbasid Caliphate ( or ; ar, الْخِلَافَةُ الْعَبَّاسِيَّة, ') was the third caliphate to succeed the Islamic prophet Muhammad. It was founded by a dynasty descended from Muhammad's uncle, Abbas ibn Abdul-Muttalib ...
[ Crusader][ and ]Mamluk
Mamluk ( ar, مملوك, mamlūk (singular), , ''mamālīk'' (plural), translated as "one who is owned", meaning " slave", also transliterated as ''Mameluke'', ''mamluq'', ''mamluke'', ''mameluk'', ''mameluke'', ''mamaluke'', or ''marmeluke'') ...
(13th–15th centuries CE)[ eras have also been found here.
]
Ottoman Empire
In 1517, the village was included in the Ottoman empire
The Ottoman Empire, * ; is an archaic version. The definite article forms and were synonymous * and el, Оθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία, Othōmanikē Avtokratoria, label=none * info page on book at Martin Luther University) ...
with the rest of Palestine, and in the 1596 tax-records it appeared as Aylut'', located in the ''Nahiya
A nāḥiyah ( ar, , plural ''nawāḥī'' ), also nahiya or nahia, is a regional or local type of administrative division that usually consists of a number of villages or sometimes smaller towns. In Tajikistan, it is a second-level division w ...
'' of Tabariyya
Tiberias ( ; he, טְבֶרְיָה, ; ar, طبريا, Ṭabariyyā) is an Israeli city on the western shore of the Sea of Galilee. A major Jewish center during Late Antiquity, it has been considered since the 16th century one of Judaism's Fou ...
of the '' Liwa'' of Safad
Safed (known in Hebrew as Tzfat; Sephardic Hebrew & Modern Hebrew: צְפַת ''Tsfat'', Ashkenazi Hebrew: ''Tzfas'', Biblical Hebrew: ''Ṣǝp̄aṯ''; ar, صفد, ''Ṣafad''), is a city in the Northern District of Israel. Located at an eleva ...
. The population was 9 households, all Muslim. They paid a tax rate of 25% on agricultural products, which included wheat, barley, fruit trees, goats and beehives, in addition to occasional revenues; a total of 200 Akçe. A map from Napoleon's invasion of 1799 by Pierre Jacotin
Pierre Jacotin (1765–1827) was the director of the survey for the '' Carte de l'Égypte (Description de l'Égypte)'', the first triangulation-based map of Egypt, Syria and Palestine.
The maps were surveyed in 1799-1800 during the campaign in E ...
showed the place as an unnamed village.
In 1838, it was noted as a Muslim and Greek Christian village in the Nazareth district.
In 1859, the village had a population of 180 souls.
In 1875 Victor Guérin
Victor Guérin (15 September 1821 – 21 Septembe 1890) was a French intellectual, explorer and amateur archaeologist. He published books describing the geography, archeology and history of the areas he explored, which included Greece, Asia Min ...
found it to have no more than 200 inhabitants. The village was situated in a valley and on the lower flanks of a mound. Some gardens surrounded it, planted with fig and olive trees and surrounded by a cactus hedge. He further noticed, near a Oualy
A Maqām ( ar, مقام) is a shrine built on the site associated with a religious figure or saint, typical to the regions of Palestine and Syria. It is usually a funeral construction, commonly cubic-shaped and topped with a dome.
Maqams are as ...
, the site of an old church
Church may refer to:
Religion
* Church (building), a building for Christian religious activities
* Church (congregation), a local congregation of a Christian denomination
* Church service, a formalized period of Christian communal worship
* C ...
which had been completely razed. There were only five or six sections of limestone columns lying on the ground. As for the Oualy, it seemed to have been built with materials from the church. The Moslems there worshipped inside it a tomb dedicated to Neby Louth Louth may refer to:
Australia
*Hundred of Louth, a cadastral unit in South Australia
* Louth, New South Wales, a town
* Louth Bay, a bay in South Australia
**Louth Bay, South Australia, a town and locality
Canada
* Louth, Ontario
Ireland
* Cou ...
; the same person whose tomb was found in Bani Na'im
Bani Na'im ( ar, بني نعيم, Banī Naʾīm) is a Palestinian people, Palestinian town in the southern West Bank located east of Hebron in the Hebron Governorate of the State of Palestine. It is situated at a higher elevation than most local ...
.
A population list from about 1887 showed that ''Ailut'' had about 350 Muslim inhabitants.
British Mandate
At the time of the 1922 census of Palestine ''ʿAilut'' had a population of 501, all Muslims
Muslims ( ar, المسلمون, , ) are people who adhere to Islam, a monotheistic religion belonging to the Abrahamic tradition. They consider the Quran, the foundational religious text of Islam, to be the verbatim word of the God of Abrah ...
, increasing in the 1931 census to 834, still all Muslims, in a total of 165 houses.[Mills, 1932, p]
73
/ref>
In the 1945 statistics the population was 1,310, all Muslims
Muslims ( ar, المسلمون, , ) are people who adhere to Islam, a monotheistic religion belonging to the Abrahamic tradition. They consider the Quran, the foundational religious text of Islam, to be the verbatim word of the God of Abrah ...
,[Department of Statistics, 1945, p]
8
/ref> while the total land area was 17,557 dunams, according to an official land and population survey. Of this, 370 were allocated for plantations and irrigable land, 7,501 for cereals, while 30 dunams were classified as built-up areas.
Israel
In 2013, an archaeological survey of the southernmost part of the site was conducted by Edna Amos on behalf of the Israel Antiquities Authority
The Israel Antiquities Authority (IAA, he, רשות העתיקות ; ar, داﺌرة الآثار, before 1990, the Israel Department of Antiquities) is an independent Israeli governmental authority responsible for enforcing the 1978 Law of ...
(IAA).Israel Antiquities Authority
The Israel Antiquities Authority (IAA, he, רשות העתיקות ; ar, داﺌرة الآثار, before 1990, the Israel Department of Antiquities) is an independent Israeli governmental authority responsible for enforcing the 1978 Law of ...
Excavators and Excavations Permit for Year 2013
Survey Permit # A-6678
See also
* Arab localities in Israel
Arab localities in Israel include all population centers with a 50% or higher Arab population in Israel. East Jerusalem and Golan Heights are not internationally recognized parts of Israel proper but have been included in this list.
According to ...
References
Bibliography
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External links
Welcome To 'Illut
*Survey of Western Palestine, Map 5:
IAA
Wikimedia commons
{{Authority control
Arab localities in Israel
Local councils in Northern District (Israel)