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Šumuru
Šumuru (Manchu: ; ) was one of the eight great clans of Manchu nobility. After the demise of the dynasty, some of its descendants sinicized their clan name to the Chinese surnames '' Shu'' (舒), '' Xu'' (徐) or '' Xiao'' (蕭). Notable figures Males * Yangguri (; 1572–1637), military figure and prince ** Tatai (塔台) ***Aixinga (d. 1664), Yangguri's grandson; coadjutor in the invasion of Burma * Tantai (), Yangguri's cousin * Fushan (富善), Aixinga's son, first-class duke ** Haijin (海金), Fushan's son *** Fengsheng'e (丰盛额), a first rank military official (都统) and held the title of first-class Yingcheng duke (一等英诚公) **** Feng'an (丰安), held the title of first-class Yingcheng duke (一等英诚公) * Folun (; d. 1701), served as the Minister of Works from 1686–1687 * Xu Yuanmeng (; 1655–1741), scholar and politician ** Xu Chengyi (徐诚意), served as an official (领催，pinyin: lingcui) * Lunbu (伦布) *Yuzhang (玉彰), served as fifth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Noble Consort Tong
Noble Consort Tong (3 June 1817 – 1877), of the Manchu Šumuru clan, was a consort of the Daoguang Emperor. She was 35 years his junior. Life Very little is known about Lady Šumuru's life before she entered the Forbidden City. Family background Noble Consort Tong's personal name was not recorded in history. * Father: Yuzhang (), served as fifth rank literary official () * One sister: Wife of Fuca Heshun (和顺), a first class imperial guard Jiaqing Era Lady Šumuru was born on the 3rd day of the fourth lunar month in the twenty-first year of the reign of the Jiaqing Emperor, which translates to 3 June 1817 in the Gregorian calendar. Daoguang Era Lady Šumuru was entered the palace somewhere in 1831, at the age of fourteen or fifteen. She was given an honorary name along with her rank, "Noble Lady Mu" (睦貴人). Her residence became Xianfu palace on the west side of Forbidden City. In December 1832 or January 1833 Lady Šumuru was promoted to "Concubine Tong" (彤嬪). ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zhaolian
Zhaolian (26 March 1776 – 14 January 1830), courtesy name Jixiu, was a Manchu prince of the imperial Aisin Gioro clan during the Qing dynasty. A 6th-generation descendant of prince Giyesu, he was the 9th holder of the Prince Li (禮) title, which he held from 1805 to 1816. In 1816, his title was stripped after it was discovered that he tortured servants Cheng Jianzhong (程建忠), Cheng Jianyi (程建義) and others. He was put under house arrest for the subsequent 3 years and never recovered the princely title. A bibliophile, Zhaolian was friends with famous intellectuals like Wei Yuan, Gong Zizhen, Ji Yun and Yuan Mei. His non-fiction writings on politics, government, history and literature were posthumously collected into 2 books": ''Xiaoting Zalu'' (嘯亭雜錄/啸亭雜録; "Miscellaneous Records of the Roaring Pavilion"), and ''Xiaoting Xulu'' (嘯亭續錄/啸亭续录; "Continued Records of the Roaring Pavilion"). Family Father: Yong'en (永恩), prince Ligong of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xiao (surname)
Xiao (; ) is a Chinese surname, Chinese-language surname. In the Wade-Giles system of Romanization of Chinese, romanization, it is rendered as Hsiao, which is commonly used in Taiwan. It is also romanized as Siauw, Shiao, Sjauw, Siaw, Siew, Siow, Seow, Siu, Shiu or Sui, as well as "Shaw (surname), Shaw" in less common situations, inspired by the transliteration of the surname of notable figures such as Irish playwright George Bernard Shaw and English actor Robert Shaw (actor), Robert Shaw. It is the 99th name on the ''Hundred Family Surnames'' poem.K. S. Tom. [1989] (1989). Echoes from Old China: Life, Legends and Lore of the Middle Kingdom. University of Hawaii Press. . After the demise of the Qing dynasty, some of the descendants of Manchu clan Šumuru sinicized their clan name to the Chinese surname, Chinese surnames ''Shu (surname), Shu'' (舒), ''Xú (surname), Xu'' (徐) or ''Xiao'' (蕭). A 1977 study found that it was the 20th most common Chinese surname in the world. It ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aixinga
Aixinga ( mnc, , v=aisingga; , d. 1664) was a Qing dynasty general who was a grandson of Prince Yangguri (揚古利) and the head of the Šumuru tribe. He served under Nurhaci and Hong Taiji. In 1660, he was appointed "General Who Pacifies the West" (定西將軍) to command the Qing forces in Yunnan fighting the Ming loyalists. In 1661, Aixinga advanced into Burma with Wu Sangui and captured the Southern Ming pretender Zhu Youlang The Yongli Emperor (; 1623–1662; reigned 18 November 1646 – 1 June 1662), personal name Zhu Youlang, was a royal member to the imperial family of Ming dynasty, and the fourth and last commonly recognised emperor of the Southern Ming, reigni .... He was canonised as Jìngkāng (敬康). References * {{DEFAULTSORT:Aixinga Year of birth missing 1664 deaths Qing dynasty generals ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Daoguang Emperor
The Daoguang Emperor (; 16 September 1782 – 26 February 1850), also known by his temple name Emperor Xuanxong of Qing, born Mianning, was the seventh Emperor of the Qing dynasty, and the sixth Qing emperor to rule over China proper, reigning from 1820 to 1850. His reign was marked by "external disaster and internal rebellion." These included the First Opium War and the beginning of the Taiping Rebellion which nearly brought down the dynasty. The historian Jonathan Spence characterizes the Daoguang Emperor as a "well meaning but ineffective man" who promoted officials who "presented a purist view even if they had nothing to say about the domestic and foreign problems surrounding the dynasty." Early years The Daoguang Emperor was born in the Forbidden City, Beijing, in 1782, and was given the name Mianning (). It was later changed to Minning () when he became emperor. The first character of his private name was changed from ''Mian'' to ''Min'' to avoid the relatively common ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Manchu Clans
This is an alphabetical list of Manchu clans: History When the Jurchens were reorganized by Nurhaci into the Eight Banners, many Manchu clans were artificially created as a group of unrelated people founded a new Manchu clan (mukun) using a geographic origin name such as a toponym for their hala (clan name). Extinct Manchu clans The Qing dynasty completely annihilated the Manchu clan Hoifan (Hoifa) in 1697 and the Manchu tribe Ula in 1703 after they revolted against the Qing. Han Chinese origin Manchu clans Select groups of Han Chinese bannermen were mass transferred into Manchu Banners by the Qing, changing their ethnicity from Han Chinese to Manchu. Han Chinese bannermen of Tai Nikan (watchpost Han) and Fusi Nikan (Fushun Han) backgrounds into the Manchu banners in 1740 by order of the Qing Qianlong emperor. It was between 1618-1629 when the Han Chinese from Liaodong who later became the Fusi Nikan and Tai Nikan defected to the Jurchens (Manchus). These Han Chinese origin Ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Noble Consort Mei
Noble Consort Wen (; 1835 – 20 December 1890), of the Manchu Plain Yellow Banner Xu clan, was a consort of Xianfeng Emperor. Life Family background Noble Consort Wen was a Manchurian Booi Aha of the Plain Yellow Banner Xu clan, a branch of a prominent Šumuru clan. Father: Chengyi (), served as an official (). Daoguang era Noble Consort Wen was born in 1835. Xianfeng era Lady Xu entered the Forbidden city in 1853 and was granted a title "First Class Female Attendant Wen" (). Lady Xu was described as a beautiful and elegant woman. Thus, she was favoured by Xianfeng Emperor. In May 1854, she was promoted to "Noble Lady Wen" (). Her residence in Forbidden City was Palace of Eternal Harmony. In 1855, Noble Lady Wen was demoted for the first time to a "First Class Female Attendant Wen" () from reasons unknown. In July 1855, she vented her anger on the palace maid. While the severe punishment was being performed, Lady Xu was joking with an eunuch. That incident infuriat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Manchu Clans
This is an alphabetical list of Manchu clans: History When the Jurchens were reorganized by Nurhaci into the Eight Banners, many Manchu clans were artificially created as a group of unrelated people founded a new Manchu clan (mukun) using a geographic origin name such as a toponym for their hala (clan name). Extinct Manchu clans The Qing dynasty completely annihilated the Manchu clan Hoifan (Hoifa) in 1697 and the Manchu tribe Ula in 1703 after they revolted against the Qing. Han Chinese origin Manchu clans Select groups of Han Chinese bannermen were mass transferred into Manchu Banners by the Qing, changing their ethnicity from Han Chinese to Manchu. Han Chinese bannermen of Tai Nikan (watchpost Han) and Fusi Nikan (Fushun Han) backgrounds into the Manchu banners in 1740 by order of the Qing Qianlong emperor. It was between 1618-1629 when the Han Chinese from Liaodong who later became the Fusi Nikan and Tai Nikan defected to the Jurchens (Manchus). These Han Chinese origin Ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shu (surname)
Shu () is a Chinese surname. It is 43rd in the Hundred Family Surnames, contained in the verse 熊紀舒屈 ( Xiong, Ji, Shu, Qu). Šumuru sinicized their clan name to the Chinese surnames ''Shu'' (舒), '' Xu'' (徐) or '' Xiao'' (蕭) after the demise of the Qing dynasty. According to the a 2013 study, it is the 143rd most common surname, being shared by 1.09 million people, or 0.082% of the population, with Hunan being the province with the most people sharing the name.中国四百大姓 Front Cover, 袁义达, 邱家儒, Beijing Book Co. Inc., 1 January 2013 In ancient usage, the characters of ''meng '' () (''bo'' bearing the same notion), ''zhong'' (), ''shu'' () and '' ji'' () were used to denote the first, second, third and fourth (or last) eldest sons in a family. The Vietnamese version of the name is Thư, but it is extremely rare. "Shu" can also be a romanization for Xú (徐) or Xǔ (许). Notable people * Consort Shu (1728 – 1777), of the Manchu Plain Yellow ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chinese Surname
Chinese surnames are used by Han Chinese and Sinicized ethnic groups in China, Taiwan, Korea, Vietnam, and among overseas Chinese communities around the world such as Singapore and Malaysia. Written Chinese names begin with surnames, unlike the Western tradition in which surnames are written last. Around 2,000 Han Chinese surnames are currently in use, but the great proportion of Han Chinese people use only a relatively small number of these surnames; 19 surnames are used by around half of the Han Chinese people, while 100 surnames are used by around 87% of the population. A report in 2019 gives the most common Chinese surnames as Wang and Li, each shared by over 100 million people in China. The remaining top ten most common Chinese surnames are Zhang, Liu, Chen, Yang, Huang, Zhao, Wu and Zhou. Two distinct types of Chinese surnames existed in ancient China, namely ''xing'' () ancestral clan names and ''shi'' () branch lineage names. Later, the two terms began to be used i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Three Departments And Six Ministries
The Three Departments and Six Ministries () system was the primary administrative structure in imperial China from the Sui dynasty (581–618) to the Yuan dynasty (1271–1368). It was also used by Balhae (698–926) and Goryeo (918–1392) and various other kingdoms in Manchuria, Korea and Vietnam. The Three Departments were three top-level administrative structures in imperial China. They were the Central Secretariat, responsible for drafting policy, the Chancellery, responsible for reviewing policy and advising the emperor, and the Department of State Affairs, responsible for implementing policy. The former two were loosely joined as the Secretariat-Chancellery during the late Tang dynasty, Song dynasty and in the Korean kingdom of Goryeo. The Six Ministries (also translated as Six Boards) were direct administrative organs of the state under the authority of the Department of State Affairs. They were the Ministries of Personnel, Rites, War, Justice, Works, and Revenue. D ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Burma
Myanmar, ; UK pronunciations: US pronunciations incl. . Note: Wikipedia's IPA conventions require indicating /r/ even in British English although only some British English speakers pronounce r at the end of syllables. As John Wells explains, the English spellings of both Myanmar and Burma assume a non-rhotic variety of English, in which the letter r before a consonant or finally serves merely to indicate a long vowel: mjænmɑː, ˈbɜːmə So the pronunciation of the last syllable of Myanmar as ɑːror of Burma as ɜːrməby some speakers in the UK and most speakers in North America is in fact a spelling pronunciation based on a misunderstanding of non-rhotic spelling conventions. The final ''r'' in ''Myanmar'' was not intended for pronunciation and is there to ensure that the final a is pronounced with the broad ''ah'' () in "father". If the Burmese name my, မြန်မာ, label=none were spelled "Myanma" in English, this would be pronounced at the end by all ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
