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Å akkanakku
Shakkanakku ( Sumerian: , GIR.NITA or ''Å¡agina'', , ''Shakkanakku''), was an Akkadian language title designating a military governor. Mari was ruled by a dynasty of hereditary Shakkanakkus which was originally set by the Akkadian Empire and gained independence following Akkad's collapse. It is considered that the Shakkanakka gained some form of independence and came to be considered as "Kings" from the time of Apil-Kin. A critical analysis of the Shakkanakku List of Mari has been published. The title is also known around the same time in Elam, where several "Shakkanakku (Military Governor) of the country of Elam" with typically Akkadian names ruled for the Akkadian kings.Translation into French in The title also existed in Qatna in the 14th century BC, and Dilmun under the Kassites. Shakkanakkus under the Akkadians Shakkanakkus, or ''Shagina'' military governors are known from the time of the Akkadian Empire. For example, Shar-kali-sharri had a military governor in Nipp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ishtup-Ilum
Ishtup-Ilum, also Ishtup-El (, ''Ish-dub-ilum'', c. 2147–2136 BCE) was a ruler of the city of Mari, one of the military governors known as ''Shakkanakku'' in northern Mesopotamia, after the fall of the Akkadian Empire. He was probably contemporary with the Second Dynasty of Lagash, around the time of Gudea. He was the son of Ishma-Dagan and brother of Nûr-Mêr, both Shakkanakkus of Mari before him, and, according to the dynastic lists, he ruled after them for a period of 11 years. He is known from inscriptions mentioning the building of a temple, as well as from a monumental statue, discovered in Mari. Statue of Ishtup-Ilum His statue was discovered by the team of André Parrot on 14 March 1936, Syria. It has a rather simple and coarse design, a provincial characteristic during this period, and is significantly less sophisticated than the statues of his successors, such as Puzur-Ishtar. The statue is now in the Aleppo National Museum, Syria. File:Ishtup-Ilum excavation in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tura-Dagan
Tura-Dagan (, ''Tu-ra- Dda-gan'', c. 2075–2050 BCE) was a ruler of the city of Mari, northern Mesopotamia, after the fall of the Akkadian Empire. He was son of Apil-Kin, and brother of Ili-Ishar. He held the title of Shakkanakku (military governor), which was borne by all the princes of a dynasty who reigned at Mari in the late third millennium and early second millennium BC. These kings were the descendants of the military governors appointed by the kings of Akkad. He was contemporary of the Third Dynasty of Ur, and probably their vassal. He had a son, who succeeded him, named Puzur-Ishtar. Inscriptions The Museum of the Ancient Orient has a statue of Tura-Dagan, but it is headless and the inscription is heavily damaged. Tura-Dagan is also known from various seals and dynastic lists. A statue of Puzur-Ishtar is known from the Royal Palace of Mari, now in the Museum of the Ancient Orient in Istanbul Istanbul ( , ; tr, İstanbul ), formerly known as Constantinople ( grc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iddi-ilum
Iddi-ilum, also Iddi-El or Iddin-El (, ''i-ti-ilum'', ruled 2090-2085 BCE), was a military governor, or ''Shakkanakku'', of the ancient city-state of Mari in eastern Syria, following the conquest, the destruction and the control of the city by the Akkadian Empire. Iddi-ilum was contemporary of the Third Dynasty of Ur, and probably their vassal. His headless statue, the ''Statue of Iddi-Ilum'' was discovered at the Royal Palace of Mari during excavations directed by French archaeologist André Parrot. The statue was made of soapstone and bears an inscription identifying the figure and dedicating it to the goddess Ishtar or Inanna. The statue is now displayed at the Musée du Louvre in Paris. The inscription on the statue reads: Statue of Iddi-ilum File:Idi-ilum Louvre AO 19486 n02.jpg, The inscription on the bottom of the statue (front). File:Idi-ilum Louvre AO 19486 n03.jpg, The inscription on the bottom of the statue (back). File:Mari-ki in cuneiform on the statue of Idd ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lugal
Lugal ( Sumerian: ) is the Sumerian term for "king, ruler". Literally, the term means "big man." In Sumerian, ''lu'' "𒇽" is "man" and ''gal'' "𒃲" is "great," or "big." It was one of several Sumerian titles that a ruler of a city-state could bear (alongside '' en'' and '' ensi'', the exact difference being a subject of debate). The sign eventually became the predominant logograph for "King" in general. In the Sumerian language, ''lugal'' is used to mean an owner (e.g. of a boat or a field) or a head (of a unit such as a family). As a cuneiform logograph (Sumerogram) LUGAL (Unicode: 𒈗, rendered in Neo Assyrian). Cuneiform The cuneiform sign LUGAL 𒈗 (Borger nr. 151, Unicode U+12217) serves as a determinative in cuneiform texts ( Sumerian, Akkadian and Hittite), indicating that the following word is the name of a king. In Akkadian orthography, it may also be a syllabogram ''šà r'', acrophonically based on the Akkadian for "king", ''šarrum''. Unicode also includes the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ishgum-Addu
Ishgum-Addu or Ishgum-Addad ( ''iš-gum DIŠKUR''), or more probably Ishkun-Dagan ( ''iš-kun Dda-gan''), was a ruler of the city of Mari, northern Mesopotamia, for eight years c. 2135-2127 BCE, after the fall of the Akkadian Empire . He had a son named Apil-kin, according to the ''Shakkanakku Dynasty List'', who ruled after him. Ishgum-Addu appears in the ''Shakkanakku Dynasty Lists'' after Ishtup-Ilum Ishtup-Ilum, also Ishtup-El (, ''Ish-dub-ilum'', c. 2147–2136 BCE) was a ruler of the city of Mari, one of the military governors known as ''Shakkanakku'' in northern Mesopotamia, after the fall of the Akkadian Empire. He was probably contempor .... Besides his mention on the Shakkanakku List, no inscriptions are known of him. References {{Early Rulers of Mesopotamia 22nd-century BC rulers Kings of Mari 22nd-century BC people ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ishtup-Ilum Statue (front, Wider)
Ishtup-Ilum, also Ishtup-El (, ''Ish-dub-ilum'', c. 2147–2136 BCE) was a ruler of the city of Mari, one of the military governors known as ''Shakkanakku'' in northern Mesopotamia, after the fall of the Akkadian Empire. He was probably contemporary with the Second Dynasty of Lagash, around the time of Gudea. He was the son of Ishma-Dagan and brother of Nûr-Mêr, both Shakkanakkus of Mari before him, and, according to the dynastic lists, he ruled after them for a period of 11 years. He is known from inscriptions mentioning the building of a temple, as well as from a monumental statue, discovered in Mari. Statue of Ishtup-Ilum His statue was discovered by the team of André Parrot on 14 March 1936, Syria. It has a rather simple and coarse design, a provincial characteristic during this period, and is significantly less sophisticated than the statues of his successors, such as Puzur-Ishtar. The statue is now in the Aleppo National Museum, Syria. File:Ishtup-Ilum excavation in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nûr-Mêr
Nûr-Mêr, also Niwâr-Mêr ( ''ni-wa-ar-me-er'', c. 2153-2148 BCE) was a ruler of the city of Mari, one of the military governors known as ''Shakkanakku'' in northern Mesopotamia, in the later period of the Akkadian Empire. According to the dynastic lists, he ruled for 5 years, after his father Ishma-Dagan, and was the fourth Shakkanakku ruler. Nûr-Mêr was probably contemporary with the Akkadian Empire ruler Naram-Sin or Shar-Kali-Sharri. He was succeeded by his brother Ishtup-Ilum as Shakkanakkus of Mari. He is also known from four identical inscriptions on bronze votive tablets: The goddess in mention might had been the Syrian Shalash, the wife of Dagan, rather than Mesopotamian Ninhursag, as her name was commonly written logographically as dNIN.HUR.SAG.GA in Mari in the Old Babylonian period The Old Babylonian Empire, or First Babylonian Empire, is dated to BC – BC, and comes after the end of Sumerian power with the destruction of the Third Dynasty of Ur, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
