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ﾃ］gela Robledo
ﾃ］gela Marﾃｭa Robledo Gﾃｳmez (born 7 September 1953) is a Colombian psychologist and left-wing politician. Currently a member of the Chamber of Representatives, Robledo is a former dean of psychology at Pontifical Xavierian University. A member of the centre-left Green Alliance from 2010 to 2018, Robledo joined the socialist Colombia Humana party to serve as the vice presidential running mate of Gustavo Petro in 2018. Since then, Robledo has broken with Petro and returned to the Green Alliance. She is considered a likely candidate in the 2022 presidential election. Robledo is known for her feminist politics and work to end gender violence. Early life and career Robledo grew up in Manizales, a city in the Caldas Department. Robledo cites her mother as the first person to introduce her to feminism. Robledo has stated that her family were not wealthy, but made enough to pay for her and her siblings' education. Robledo studied psychology at the Pontifical Xavierian University ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chamber Of Representatives Of Colombia
The Chamber of Representatives (Spanish: ''Cﾃ｡mara de Representantes'') is the lower house of the Congress of Colombia. It has 172 members elected to four-year terms. Electoral system According to the Colombian Constitution, the Chamber of Representatives, currently composed of 166 representatives serving four-year terms, is elected in territorial constituencies, special constituencies and an international constituency. The departments (and the capital district of Bogotﾃ｡ D.C.) each form territorial electoral constituencies (''circunscripciones territoriales''). Each constituency has at least two members, and one more for every 365,000 inhabitants or fraction greater than 182,500 over and above the initial 365,000. For the legislative term 2014-2018, 161 of the Chamber's 166 members were elected in territorial constituencies. There are also three special constituencies, electing the remaining five members: one for Indigenous communities currently with one representative, one ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Feminism
Feminism is a range of socio-political movements and ideologies that aim to define and establish the political, economic, personal, and social equality of the sexes. Feminism incorporates the position that society prioritizes the male point of view and that women are treated unjustly in these societies. Efforts to change this include fighting against gender stereotypes and improving educational, professional, and interpersonal opportunities and outcomes for women. Feminist movements have campaigned and continue to campaign for women's rights, including the right to vote, run for public office, work, earn equal pay, own property, receive education, enter contracts, have equal rights within marriage, and maternity leave. Feminists have also worked to ensure access to contraception, legal abortions, and social integration and to protect women and girls from rape, sexual harassment, and domestic violence. Changes in female dress standards and acceptable physical act ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Colombian Conflict
The Colombian conflict ( es, link=no, Conflicto armado interno de Colombia) began on May 27, 1964, and is a low-intensity asymmetric war between the government of Colombia, far-right paramilitary groups, crime syndicates, and far-left guerrilla groups such as the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC), the National Liberation Army (ELN) and the Popular Liberation Army (EPL), fighting each other to increase their influence in Colombian territory. Some of the most important international contributors to the Colombian conflict include multinational corporations, the United States, Cuba, and the drug trafficking industry. The conflict is historically rooted in the conflict known as ''La Violencia'', which was triggered by the 1948 assassination of liberal political leader Jorge Eliﾃｩcer Gaitﾃ｡n, and in the aftermath of the anti-communist repression in rural Colombia in the 1960s that led Liberal and Communist militants to re-organize into FARC. The reasons for fig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wartime Sexual Violence
Wartime sexual violence is rape or other forms of sexual violence committed by combatants during armed conflict, war, or military occupation often as spoils of war, but sometimes, particularly in ethnic conflict, the phenomenon has broader sociological motives. Wartime sexual violence may also include gang rape and rape with objects. A war crime, it is distinguished from sexual harassment, sexual assaults and rape committed amongst troops in military service. During war and armed conflict, rape is frequently used as a means of psychological warfare in order to humiliate the enemy. Wartime sexual violence may occur in a variety of situations, including institutionalized sexual slavery, wartime sexual violence associated with specific battles or massacres, as well as individual or isolated acts of sexual violence. Rape can also be recognized as genocide when it is committed with the intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a targeted group. International legal instru ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ivﾃ｡n Cepeda
Ivﾃ｡n Cepeda Castro (born October 24, 1962) is a left-wing Colombian politician, human rights activist, and philosopher. He served as a member of the Chamber of Representatives from 2010 and 2014, and currently serves as a member of the Senate as a member of the Alternative Democratic Pole. He is the official spokesperson for the ''Movement of Victims of State Crimes'' (MOVICE), an organization born in 2003 to bring together the families of victims of crimes against humanity and organizations that work for human rights. Early life and career Born in Bogota, Cepeda is the eldest son of left-wing activists Manuel Cepeda Vargas and Yira Castro. In 1965 at the age of 3, Cepeda and his family were forced into exile due to political repression, and during his early years lived in Prague. Following the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia, Cepeda's family would seek refuge in Havana, Cuba. Cepeda's family would later return to Colombia in 1970, but remained a target of political ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Senate Of Colombia
The Senate of the Republic of Colombia ( es, Senado de la Repﾃｺblica de Colombia) is the upper house of the Congress of Colombia, with the lower house being the House of Representatives. The Senate has 108 members elected for concurrent (non-rotating) four-year terms. Electoral system According to the Colombian Constitution, 100 senators (''senadores'') are elected from a single national constituency. The remaining two are elected in a special national constituency for Indigenous communities. Colombian citizens living outside the country are eligible to vote, although, unlike in the lower house, they have no special representatives in the Senate. For elections to the Senate in the national constituency, political parties or other movements and groups run single lists, with a number of candidates not exceeding the total number of seats to be filled. The current electoral system, adopted in 2003 and modified in 2009 and 2015, requires party lists to pass a 3% threshold in ord ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alternative Democratic Pole
The Alternative Democratic Pole (Spanish: ''Polo Democrﾃ｡tico Alternativo'' or PDA) is a left-wing political party in Colombia. It was founded as a political alliance of the Independent Democratic Pole (PDI) and the Democratic Alternative (AD) in December 2005. Both parties opposed the neoliberal economic program, securitization and militarization of Colombia under then-President ﾃ〕varo Uribe. Subsequently, it was the only parliamentary party to declare opposition to the government of Juan Manuel Santos, and has joined the opposition against the government of Ivan Duque. As of 2009, a considerable part of PDA politicians consist of former guerrilla fighters who gave up armed struggle and demobilized during the late 1980s and early 1990s. As of 2012, a considerable part of PDA politicians including the former guerrilla fighters are affiliated by will to the Green Party or to Movimiento Progresistas, or by disciplinary action to Marcha Patriﾃｳtica, instead of PDA. Political ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bogotﾃ｡ City Council
The Bogotﾃ｡ City Council is the highest Political and second highest Administrative Authority of Bogotﾃ｡, Colombia. It is the only city council in the country which has 45 Councillors, since the limit for all other city councils is 21 Councillors. The Bogotﾃ｡ City Council, along with the Principal Mayor, is responsible for the city administration. The Councillors are elected by popular vote for a 4 years term, and they can be re-elected. Functions The council is responsible for, among other tasks, performing political control of the Capital Districtﾂｴs government and studying the Agreement (local regulation) projects. Moreover, the council issues regulations to promote the integral development of the city and its inhabitants. Political watchdog There is an initiative called ''Council How It Goes'' (Spanish: ''Concejo Cﾃｳmo Vamos''), which is in charge of doing political watchdog journalism in relation to the activities of the Bogotﾃ｡ City Council. This initiative is sponsored by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gender Equality
Gender equality, also known as sexual equality or equality of the sexes, is the state of equal ease of access to resources and opportunities regardless of gender, including economic participation and decision-making; and the state of valuing different behaviors, aspirations and needs equally, regardless of gender. Gender equality is the goal, while gender neutrality and gender equity are practices and ways of thinking that help in achieving the goal. Gender parity, which is used to measure gender balance in a given situation, can aid in achieving gender equality but is not the goal in and of itself. Gender equality is more than just equal representation, it is strongly tied to women's rights, and often requires policy changes. , the global movement for gender equality has not incorporated the proposition of genders besides women and men, or gender identities outside of the gender binary. UNICEF says gender equality "means that women and men, and girls and boys, enjoy the sa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mayor Of Bogota
In many countries, a mayor is the highest-ranking official in a municipal government such as that of a city or a town. Worldwide, there is a wide variance in local laws and customs regarding the powers and responsibilities of a mayor as well as the means by which a mayor is elected or otherwise mandated. Depending on the system chosen, a mayor may be the chief executive officer of the municipal government, may simply chair a multi-member governing body with little or no independent power, or may play a solely ceremonial role. A mayor's duties and responsibilities may be to appoint and oversee municipal managers and employees, provide basic governmental services to constituents, and execute the laws and ordinances passed by a municipal governing body (or mandated by a state, territorial or national governing body). Options for selection of a mayor include direct election by the public, or selection by an elected governing council or board. The term ''mayor'' shares a linguistic or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antanas Mockus
Aurelijus Rﾅｫtenis Antanas Mockus ﾅivickas (; born 25 March 1952) is a Colombian mathematician, philosopher, and politician. He has a master's degree in philosophy from the National University of Colombia, and a Honoris Causa PhD from the University of Paris. He is the son of Lithuanian people, Lithuanian immigrants. He left office as the president of the National University of Colombia in Bogotﾃ｡ in 1993, and later that year ran a successful campaign for mayor. He proceeded to preside over Bogotﾃ｡ as mayor for two (non-consecutive) terms, during which he became known for springing surprising and humorous initiatives upon the city's inhabitants. These tended to involve grand gestures, including local artists or personal appearances by the mayor himself窶杯aking a shower in a commercial about conserving water, or walking the streets dressed in spandex and a cape as Supercitizen. On 4 March 2010, he was elected in a public consultation as the Colombian Green Party candidat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2010 Colombian Presidential Election
Presidential elections were held in Colombia in 2010. They took place under a two-round system, with an initial vote held on 30 May and a second poll held three weeks later on 20 June. A referendum proposal that would have allowed incumbent President ﾃ〕varo Uribe the opportunity to run for a third term was rejected by the Constitutional Court of Colombia in a 7窶2 ruling on 26 February 2010. Because no candidate received a majority (more than one-half) of the votes cast in the 30 May poll, the candidates with the two highest vote totals competed in a runoff election on 20 June: Juan Manuel Santos of the liberal-conservative Social Party of National Unity which unites supporters of former President Uribe, and Antanas Mockus from the Green Party. Santos won the election with 69% of the votes. Candidates Government group In 2002, ﾃ〕varo Uribe of the Colombia First party was elected president with 53.1 per cent of the vote, breaking the two-party system that ruled the country s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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