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Zav Zavah
In Jewish ritual law, a ''zav'' (; lit. "one whoe bodyflows") is a man who has had abnormal seminal discharge from the male sexual organ, and thus entered a state of ritual impurity. A woman who has had similar abnormal discharge from her genitals is known as a ''zavah''. Purification requirements for the ''zav'' include counting seven days without seminal discharge, immersion in a spring, and bringing certain korbanot (sacrifices). In the realm of '' tumah and taharah'' law, the ''zav'' has the ability to create a ''midras'' and is prohibited from entering specific areas of the Temple Mount. Etymology The Hebrew verb stem ''zuv'' (Hebrew זוּב), in ''binyan Qal'' form, is ''zava'' (זָבָה). It means "to flow," as in "a land ''flowing with'' (זָבַת) milk and honey". Hebrew Bible Verses The laws governing ''zav'' status appears in the book of Leviticus, introduced as follows: This is followed by the laws relating to a ''zav'': the impurity laws, the pu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tumah
In Jewish law, ''ṭumah'' (, ) and ''ṭaharah'' (, ) are the state of being ritually "impure" and "pure", respectively. The Hebrew noun ''ṭum'ah'', meaning "impurity", describes a state of ritual impurity. A person or object which contracts ''ṭumah'' is said to be ''ṭamé'' ( Hebrew adjective, "ritually impure"), and thereby unsuited for certain holy activities and uses (''kedushah'', in Hebrew) until undergoing predefined purification actions that usually include the elapse of a specified time-period. The contrasting Hebrew noun ''ṭaharah'' () describes a state of ritual purity that qualifies the ''ṭahor'' (; ritually pure person or object) to be used for ''kedushah''. The most common method of achieving ''ṭaharah'' is by the person or object being immersed in a ''mikveh'' (ritual bath). This concept is connected with ritual washing in Judaism, and both ritually impure and ritually pure states have parallels in ritual purification in other world religions. The la ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mossad HaRav Kook
Mossad HaRav Kook ( he, מוסד הרב קוק, "Rabbi Kook Institute") is a religious research foundation and publishing house based in Jerusalem. Mossad Harav Kook is named after Abraham Isaac Kook, the first Ashkenazi chief rabbi of the British Mandatory Palestine, and was founded by Yehuda Leib Maimon in 1937. More than 2000 books have been published by Mossad Harav Kook. Among their significant publications are the Daat Mikra TaNaKh series, authoritative editions of Hidushei Ritva and Rashba, Rambam LeAm (Mishna Torah and other works of Maimonides with nikud and a simple commentary), and the complete writings of Rabbi Abraham Isaac Kook. See also *Israeli literature *Jewish literature Jewish literature includes works written by Jews on Jewish themes, literary works written in Jewish languages on various themes, and literary works in any language written by Jewish writers. Ancient Jewish literature includes Biblical literature a ... References External links * {{au ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Embezzlement
Embezzlement is a crime that consists of withholding assets for the purpose of conversion of such assets, by one or more persons to whom the assets were entrusted, either to be held or to be used for specific purposes. Embezzlement is a type of financial fraud. For example, a lawyer might embezzle funds from the trust accounts of their clients; a financial advisor might embezzle the funds of investors; and a husband or a wife might embezzle funds from a bank account jointly held with the spouse. The term "embezzlement" is often used in informal speech to mean theft of money, usually from an organization or company such as an employer. Embezzlement is usually a premeditated crime, performed methodically, with precautions that conceal the criminal conversion of the property, which occurs without the knowledge or consent of the affected person. Often it involves the trusted individual embezzling only a small proportion of the total of the funds or resources they receive or co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tzaraath
''Tzaraath'' (Hebrew צָרַעַת ''ṣāraʿaṯ''), variously transcribed into English and frequently mistranslated as leprosy, describes various ritually unclean disfigurative conditions of the skin, hair of the beard and head, clothing made of linen or wool, or stones of homes in the Bible. All variations are mainly referred to in chapters 13– 14 of Leviticus. The Torah identifies three manifestations of ''tzaraath'': as an affliction of human skin, of garments, and of houses. The manifestation of ''tzaraath'' is termed a ''negah'' (נגע) "affliction", ''nega'im'' (plural: נגעים). Name The Hebraic root ''tsara'' or ''tsaraath'' (צָרַע, – tsaw-rah' – to be struck with leprosy, to be leprous) and the Greek (λεπρός–lepros), are of broader classification than the more narrow use of the term related to Hansen's Disease. The linguistic root of ''tzaraath'' may mean "smiting", in comparison with Arabic, in reference to a Talmudical explanation that it ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hezekiah Ben Manoah
Hezekiah ben Manoah, or Hezekiah bar Manoah, was a French rabbi and Bible commentator of the 13th century. He is generally known by the title of his commentary, Chizkuni ( he, חזקוני). In memory of his father, who lost his right hand through his steadfastness in the faith, Hezekiah wrote a commentary on the Pentateuch, under the title ''Ḥazzeḳuni'' (ca. 1240). It was printed at Venice in 1524. Other editions appeared at Cremona (1559), Amsterdam (1724, in the Rabbinical Bible of M. Frankfurter), Lemberg (1859), etc. The commentary is based principally upon Rashi, but it uses also about twenty other commentaries, though the author quotes as his sources only Rashi, Dunash ben Labrat, the "Yosippon", and a ''Sefer haToladot'' (which may be the work mentioned in the Tosafot's commentary to ). Hezekiah stated in his work that the lack of citations was to avoid bias and "glorify the great with the small". In addition to commentaries, he also contributed original analysis in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chatat
A sin offering ( he, קָרְבַּן חַטָּאת, ''korban ḥatat'', , lit: "purification offering") is a sacrificial offering described and commanded in the Torah (Lev. 4.1-35); it could be fine flour or a proper animal.Leviticus 5:11 A sin offering also occurs in 2 Chronicles 29:21 where seven bulls, seven rams, seven lambs and seven he-goats were sacrificed on the command of King Hezekiah for the kingdom, for the sanctuary, and for Judah. Like all types of sacrifices offered on the altar, the flour had to be unscented and the animal had to be completely unblemished. This offered sacrifice accompanied the important required core means of atonement for the committing of an ''unintentional'' transgression of a prohibition, that either has brought guilt upon the 'community of Israel' or the individual.''Jewish Encyclopedia'' This offering is brought during or after atonement for those transgressions that had been committed inadvertently, or in ignorance: intentional transgress ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Keri
Keri () is a Hebrew term which literally means "happenstance", "frivolity" or "contrariness" and has come to mean seminal emission. The term is generally used in Jewish law to refer specifically to the regulations and rituals concerning the emission of semen, whether by nocturnal emission, or by sexual activity. A man is said to be a ''ba'al keri'' () ("one who has had a seminal emission") after he has ejaculated without yet completing the associated ritual cleansing requirements. Hebrew Bible The Book of Leviticus contains several laws relating to seminal emission. A man who had experienced an emission of semen would become ritually impure, until the evening came and he had washed himself in water. Any clothes or leather touched by semen also become ritually impure, until they are washed in water and the evening had come. If the man ejaculated semen during sexual intercourse with a woman, the woman would also become ritually impure, until the evening had come and she had washe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ejaculation
Ejaculation is the discharge of semen (the ''ejaculate''; normally containing sperm) from the male reproductory tract as a result of an orgasm. It is the final stage and natural objective of male sexual stimulation, and an essential component of natural conception. In rare cases, ejaculation occurs because of prostatic disease. Ejaculation may also occur spontaneously during sleep (a nocturnal emission or "wet dream"). ''Anejaculation'' is the condition of being unable to ejaculate. Ejaculation is usually very pleasurable for men; '' dysejaculation'' is an ejaculation that is painful or uncomfortable. Retrograde ejaculation is the condition where semen travels backwards into the bladder rather than out the urethra. Phases Stimulation A usual precursor to ejaculation is the sexual arousal of the male, leading to the erection of the penis, though not every arousal nor erection leads to ejaculation. Penile sexual stimulation during masturbation or vaginal, anal, oral, or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Urine
Urine is a liquid by-product of metabolism in humans and in many other animals. Urine flows from the kidneys through the ureters to the urinary bladder. Urination results in urine being excretion, excreted from the body through the urethra. Cell (biology), Cellular metabolism generates many by-products that are rich in nitrogen and must be clearance (medicine), cleared from the Circulatory system, bloodstream, such as urea, uric acid, and creatinine. These by-products are expelled from the body during urination, which is the primary method for excreting water-soluble chemicals from the body. A urinalysis can detect nitrogenous wastes of the mammalian body. Urine plays an important role in the earth's nitrogen cycle. In balanced ecosystems, urine fertilizes the soil and thus helps plants to grow. Therefore, Reuse of excreta, urine can be used as a fertilizer. Some animals use it to territory (animal)#Scent marking, mark their territories. Historically, aged or fermented urine (kn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saliva
Saliva (commonly referred to as spit) is an extracellular fluid produced and secreted by salivary glands in the mouth. In humans, saliva is around 99% water, plus electrolytes, mucus, white blood cells, epithelial cells (from which DNA can be extracted), enzymes (such as lipase and amylase), antimicrobial agents (such as secretory IgA, and lysozymes). The enzymes found in saliva are essential in beginning the process of digestion of dietary starches and fats. These enzymes also play a role in breaking down food particles entrapped within dental crevices, thus protecting teeth from bacterial decay. Saliva also performs a lubricating function, wetting food and permitting the initiation of swallowing, and protecting the oral mucosa from drying out. Various animal species have special uses for saliva that go beyond predigestion. Some swifts use their gummy saliva to build nests. ''Aerodramus'' nests form the basis of bird's nest soup. Cobras, vipers, and certain other membe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Av HaTumah
In the realm of ''tumah and taharah'' terminology, the term ''Av HaTumah'' ("father of uncleanness," or simply ''Av'') is a rabbinic term for a person or object that is in a state of ''tumah'' (ritual impurity), second in severity only to corpse uncleanness. Anything suffering from ''Av HaTumah'' ("Father of uncleanness"), such as carrion, the blood of a menstruate woman, seminal fluid, etc., can render those persons who touch it defiled at a further remove, known as a "first-grade level of uncleanness." A person or object that is a ''Av HaTumah'' has the ability to transfer its ''tumah'' to another person or object, such as clothing (usually at a downgraded level of ''tumah''), while they, in turn, have the ability to transfer their ''tumah'' to both foods and drink (in the case of foods, at a downgraded level, but in the case of drinks, at the very same level). There are two types of ''Av HaTumah'', the first being one textually listed in the Torah ( D'Oraita), such as the ca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Obadiah Ben Abraham
Obadiah ben Abraham of Bertinoro ( he, ר׳ עוֹבַדְיָה בֵּן אַבְרָהָם מִבַּרְטֵנוּרָא; 1445 – 1515), commonly known as "The Bartenura", was a 15th-century Italian rabbi best known for his popular commentary on the Mishnah. In his later years, he rejuvenated the Jewish community of Jerusalem and became recognised as the spiritual leader of the Jews of his generation. Arrival in the Land of Israel Obadiah was a pupil of Joseph Colon Trabotto (''Maharik''), and became rabbi in Bertinoro, a town in the modern province of Forlì-Cesena, whence he derived his by-name, and in Castello.Ginzberg (1906) in Jewish Encyclopedia. "The desire to visit the Holy Land led him to Jerusalem; and he arrived there on March 25, 1488, having commenced his journey Octber29, 1486. His advent in Palestine marked a new epoch for the Jewish community there. ... The administration of Jewish communal affairs in Jerusalem had fallen into the hands of iniquitous off ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
