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Western Spruce Budworm
''Choristoneura freemani'', the western spruce budworm, is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is the most destructive defoliator of coniferous forests in western North America. Distribution It is now widely distributed throughout the Rocky Mountains, Rocky and Coast Mountains. The first recorded outbreak was in 1909 on the southeastern part of Vancouver Island in British Columbia, Canada. Since that year, infestations have frequently been reported in western Canada.Fellin, D. and J. Dewey (March 1992)Western Spruce BudwormForest Insect & Disease Leaflet 53, U.S. Forest Service. Retrieved on: September 14, 2008. The budworm was first recorded in 1914 in the United States, in Oregon. However, it was not initially recognized as a serious threat to coniferous forests in the western U.S. Aerial spraying apparently terminated some smaller epidemics in the southern and central Rockies; others subsided naturally. The insect then appeared to be dormant in US forests until 192 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Józef Razowski
Józef Razowski (born 4 April 1932) is a Polish entomologist and lepidopterist specializing in Tortricidae. He is an honorary member of the Polish Entomological Society and a working member of the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences (PAU). From 1988 to 1997, Razowski headed the Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals. Biography Józef Razowski was born in Milówka, a village in the southern part of Poland. After finishing engineering studies at the Tadeusz Kościuszko University of Technology in 1953, he started working at the Faculty of the Systematic Zoology of the Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN) a year later, of which he was director from 1988 to 1997. The Institute was later renamed the Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals In the meantime, he pursued further studies at Jagiellonian University, getting his master's degree in 1958 and a PhD in 1961. Razowski then received habilitation in 1966 and was given the title of professor in 1973. In 1975, he fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fraser Canyon
The Fraser Canyon is a major landform of the Fraser River where it descends rapidly through narrow rock gorges in the Coast Mountains en route from the Interior Plateau of British Columbia to the Fraser Valley. Colloquially, the term "Fraser Canyon" is often used to include the Thompson Canyon from Lytton to Ashcroft, since they form the same highway route which most people are familiar with, although it is actually reckoned to begin above Williams Lake, British Columbia at Soda Creek Canyon near the town of the same name. Geology The canyon was formed during the Miocene period (23.7–5.3 million years ago) by the river cutting into the uplifting Interior Plateau. From the northern Cariboo to Fountain, the river follows the line of the huge Fraser Fault, which runs on a north–south axis and meets the Yalakom Fault a few miles downstream from Lillooet. Exposures of lava flows are present in cliffs along the Fraser Canyon. They represent volcanic activity in the southern ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moths Described In 2008
Moths are a paraphyletic group of insects that includes all members of the order Lepidoptera that are not butterflies, with moths making up the vast majority of the order. There are thought to be approximately 160,000 species of moth, many of which have yet to be described. Most species of moth are nocturnal, but there are also crepuscular and diurnal species. Differences between butterflies and moths While the butterflies form a monophyletic group, the moths, comprising the rest of the Lepidoptera, do not. Many attempts have been made to group the superfamilies of the Lepidoptera into natural groups, most of which fail because one of the two groups is not monophyletic: Microlepidoptera and Macrolepidoptera, Heterocera and Rhopalocera, Jugatae and Frenatae, Monotrysia and Ditrysia.Scoble, MJ 1995. The Lepidoptera: Form, function and diversity. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press; 404 p. Although the rules for distinguishing moths from butterflies are not well est ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Choristoneura Occidentalis
''For the western spruce bud worm previously known as Choristoneura occidentalis, please see Choristoneura freemani'' ''Choristoneura occidentalis'' is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in the Democratic Republic of Congo, South Africa, Tanzania and Gambia. The larvae feed on ''Maesopsis eminii'', ''Pinus patula'', ''Vigna unguiculata'', ''Allium cepa'', ''Cajanus'', ''Citrus'' (including ''Citrus aurantium''), ''Coffea'' (including ''Coffea arabica''), ''Corchorus'', ''Cupressus lusitanica'', ''Eucalyptus camaldulensis'', '' Eucalyptus torelliana'', ''Glycine max'' and ''Gossypium'' species. Taxonomy The name ''Choristoneura occidentalis'' was also used by Freeman for the North American western spruce budworm. However, this name was already in use by the species described by Walsingham. The replacement name for the North American species is ''Choristoneura freemani ''Choristoneura freemani'', the western spruce budworm, is a species of moth of the famil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hibernaculum (zoology)
A hibernaculum ''plural form: hibernacula'' (Latin, "tent for winter quarters") is a place in which a creature seeks refuge, such as a bear using a cave to overwinter. The word can be used to describe a variety of shelters used by many kinds of animals, including insects, toads, lizards, snakes, bats, rodents, and primates of various species. Insects Insects range in their size, structure, and general appearance but most use hibernacula. All insects are primarily exothermic. For this reason, extremely cold temperatures, such as those experienced in the winter, outside of tropical locations, cause their metabolic systems to shut down; long exposure may lead to death. Insects survive colder winters through the process of overwintering, which occurs at all stages of development and may include migration or hibernation for different insects, the latter of which must be done in hibernacula. Insects that do not migrate must halt their growth to avoid freezing to death, in a process ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
