Water Parsnip
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Water Parsnip
Water parsnip is a common name given to a number of flowering plants in the family Apiaceae, including those from the Berula and Sium genera. *Berula :*''Berula erecta'', cutleaf water parsnip or water parsnip *Sium :*''Sium latifolium'', greater water parsnip, or water parsnip :*''Sium suave ''Sium suave'', the water parsnip or hemlock waterparsnip, is a perennial wildflower in the family Apiaceae. It is native to many areas of both Asia and North America. The common name water parsnip is due to its similarity to parsnip (''Pastinaca ...
'', or water parsnip {{Plant common name ...
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Flowering Plant
Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (), commonly called angiosperms. The term "angiosperm" is derived from the Greek words ('container, vessel') and ('seed'), and refers to those plants that produce their seeds enclosed within a fruit. They are by far the most diverse group of land plants with 64 orders, 416 families, approximately 13,000 known genera and 300,000 known species. Angiosperms were formerly called Magnoliophyta (). Like gymnosperms, angiosperms are seed-producing plants. They are distinguished from gymnosperms by characteristics including flowers, endosperm within their seeds, and the production of fruits that contain the seeds. The ancestors of flowering plants diverged from the common ancestor of all living gymnosperms before the end of the Carboniferous, over 300 million years ago. The closest fossil relatives of flowering plants are uncertain and contentious. The earliest angiosperm fossils ar ...
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Apiaceae
Apiaceae or Umbelliferae is a family of mostly aromatic flowering plants named after the type genus ''Apium'' and commonly known as the celery, carrot or parsley family, or simply as umbellifers. It is the 16th-largest family of flowering plants, with more than 3,700 species in 434 generaStevens, P.F. (2001 onwards)Angiosperm Phylogeny Website Version 9, June 2008. including such well-known and economically important plants as ajwain, angelica, anise, asafoetida, caraway, carrot, celery, chervil, coriander, cumin, dill, fennel, lovage, cow parsley, parsley, parsnip and sea holly, as well as silphium, a plant whose identity is unclear and which may be extinct. The family Apiaceae includes a significant number of phototoxic species, such as giant hogweed, and a smaller number of highly poisonous species, such as poison hemlock, water hemlock, spotted cowbane, fool's parsley, and various species of water dropwort. Description Most Apiaceae are annual, biennial or perennial ...
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Berula
''Berula'' is a cosmopolitan genus of flowering plants in the family Apiaceae, whose species are known as water parsnips, as are some other plants in Apiaceae such as '' Sium latifolium'' and ''Sium suave''. It is easily confused with the highly toxic water hemlock (''Conium maculatum''). ''Berula'' species are perennial, aquatic to semi-aquatic, herbaceous plants. The leaves are usually oppositely arranged. The flowerheads are arranged in umbels of small white flowers. ''Berula erecta'' is a widespread aquatic plant with fern-like leaves, found across Eurasia, Africa, North America, and elsewhere. Taxonomy , The Plant List accepts five species: *'' Berula bracteata'' (Roxb.) Spalik & S.R.Downie *'' Berula burchellii'' (Hook.f.) Spalik & S.R.Downie *''Berula erecta ''Berula erecta'', known as lesser water-parsnip or cutleaf waterparsnip or narrow-leaved water-parsnip, is a member of the Apiaceae, carrot family. Growing to around tall, it is found in or by water. It is wid ...
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Sium
''Sium'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Apiaceae. It is widely distributed across Europe, Asia, Africa, and North America.''Sium''.
Flora of China.
Plants of this genus are commonly called water parsnips.''Sium''.
Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS).
These are perennial herbs, including some fully aquatic plants and some species that grow near water. The branching stem roots at the nodes. The lower leaves are pinnate, divided into leaflets. They are borne on
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Berula Erecta
''Berula erecta'', known as lesser water-parsnip or cutleaf waterparsnip or narrow-leaved water-parsnip, is a member of the carrot family. Growing to around tall, it is found in or by water. It is widespread across much of Europe, Asia, Australia, and North America. ''Berula erecta'' has a hollow stem. Underwater leaves consist of compound with thread-like lobes; leaves above the surface of the water are flatter and broader. The plant produces many small white flowers in a compound umbel. Description ''Berula erecta'' occurs on poorly drained neutral and acidic soils of the lowlands and upland fringe. It is found in the South West of England, especially in Devon. It typically resides in shallow aquatic environments containing moderate nutrient levels. During the winter, its stem and body become completely submerged underwater. ''Berula erecta'' has been shown to survive and grow better after living in stressful conditions with either limiting or excess nutrients or mechanica ...
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Sium Latifolium
''Sium latifolium'' is a species of flowering plant in the family Apiaceae known by the common names great water-parsnip, greater water-parsnip, and wideleaf waterparsnip. It is native to much of Europe, Kazakhstan, and Siberia. This plant grows in wet habitat such as swamps and lakeshores, sometimes in the water. It is a perennial herb with a hollow, grooved stem up to 2 meters tall. The herbage is green and hairless. The leaves are up to 30 centimeters long with blades borne on hollow petioles that clasp the stem at their bases. The inflorescence is an umbel of white flowers.Forbes, R''Sium latifolium'' – greater water-parsnip.Northern Ireland Priority Species. National Museums Northern Ireland. When eaten by dairy cows, the plant tends to imbue their milk with an unpleasant taste. Toxicity/edibility The rootstock is acrid and poisonous, but the leaves have been cooked and eaten as a vegetable in Italy and the ripe seeds - which are aromatic due to their limonene Limon ...
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