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Women In Portugal
Women in Portugal received full legal equality with Portuguese men as mandated by Portugal's constitution of 1976, which in turn resulted from the Revolution of 1974. Women were allowed to vote for the first time in Portugal in 1931 under Salazar's Estado Novo, but not on equal terms with men. The right for women to vote was later broadened twice under the Estado Novo. The first time was in 1946 and the second time in 1968 under Marcelo Caetano, law 2137 proclaimed the equality of men and women for electoral purposes. By the early part of the 1990s, many women of Portugal became professionals, including being medical doctors and lawyers, a leap from many being merely office employees and factory workers. Early history The social and religious more and norms effecting the perception of women's behavior depended on the woman's social class, not only in terms of the expectations society had of them, but because their autonomy and ability to make choices, the legal protections and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Employment Rate
The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development defines the employment rate as the employment-to-population ratio. This is a statistical ratio that measures the proportion of a country's working age population (statistics are often given for ages 15 to 64) that is employed. This includes people that have stopped looking for work.Employment/Population Ratios for the 50 Largest Metropolitan Statistical Areas: 2008, 2009, and 2010. (2011, September). Retrieved December 10, 2012, from United States Census Bureau website: https://www.census.gov/prod/2011pubs/ acsbr10-09.pdf The International Labour Organization states that a person is considered employed if they have worked at least 1 hour in "gainful" employment in the most recent week. The employment-to-population ratio is usually calculated and reported periodically for the economy by the national agency of statistics. It is usually calculated by using a survey data collection and the answers of certa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
De Facto Union In Portugal
A de facto union in Portugal ( pt, união de facto; mwl, ounion de fato) is a legally recognized relationship which is granted similar rights to marriage, without formal registration. As with a common-law marriage (which is sometimes called "marriage in fact"), the act of the couple representing themselves to others as being married, and organizing their relation as if they were married, acts as the evidence for the legal recognition as a de facto union. However, unlike a common-law marriage, the status is not equivalent to a marriage: the legal rights and obligations of a couple in a de facto union are different from those of a married couple. History De facto unions were first formally introduced for opposite-sex couples in ''Law no. 135/99'' of 1 July 1999, although some of the legal protections granted by the status already existed separately in various other laws, dating back to 1976. De facto unions were later extended to same-sex couples by ''Law no. 7/2001'' of 11 May ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Francisca Wood
Francisca de Assis Martins Wood or Francisca Wood (1802–1900) was a Portuguese writer and editor. Her four-page ''A Voz Feminina'' caused international comment with its advocacy of increased women's rights and ''O Progresso'' was said to be the first feminist newspaper in Europe. Life Wood was born in Lisbon in 1802 and she spent over twenty years in Britain. She married and returned to Portugal where she and her husband created two titles. Wood is remembered for editing the weekly periodical, ''A Voz Feminina'', for two years. The journal title changed to ''O Progresso''. The four page periodical called for women's suffrage in Portugal caused consternation in conservative England as it reacted to the petition raised by Barbara Leigh Smith Bodichon and presented by John Stuart Mill to the British Parliament in 1866. The periodical was presented as a "‘a hermaphrodite paper" creating comment in the Atheneum, the Bern Journal and the Victoria Magazine. A much later source cite ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guiomar Torrezão
Guiomar de Noronha or Guiomar Delphina Torrezão (26 November 1844 – 22 October 1898) was a leading Portuguese writer and editor. She created the magazine ''Almanach das Senhoras'' and she was the only woman to be a founding member of the ''Association of Portuguese Writer and Journalists''. Life Torrezão was born in Lisbon in 1844. She was the daughter of Joaquim José de Noronha Torrezão and Maria do Carmo Inácia Pinto de Noronha Pinto Torrezão. She became known for her links to people like Victor Hugo and Alexander Dumas and she contributed to a wide range of newspapers and magazines. She devoted tine to creating biographies for woman in history. In 1869 she published her first novel, ''Uma Alma de Mulher''. In 1871 she founded the magazine ''Almanach das Senhoras'' which she directed until her death Torrezão contributed to the magazine ''Ribaltas e Gambiarras'' (1881), edited by Henrique Zeferino. She wrote under the pseudonym of Delfim de Noronha for the first few is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antónia Pusich
Antónia Gertrudes Pusich (1 October 1805 – 6 October 1883) was a Portuguese poet, dramaturgist, journalist, pianist and composer. Biography She was born on the Island of São Nicolau, which used to be part of Portuguese Cape Verde. Daughter of the archipelago's colonial governor António Pusich who was born in Dubrovnik, Croatia (then Ragusa which belonged to the Republic of Ragusa) and Ana Maria Isabel Nunes. She married João Cardoso de Almeida Amado Viana Coelho in 1820 and had six children: João António, Antónia, Alfredo, Maria, Ana and Ema.Antónia Gertrudes Pusich Portuguese Women Writers before 1900., accessed 24 April 2018 She later married Francisco Teixeira Henriques and had only one son, Miguel Pusich Henriques Teixeira. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alice Moderno
Alice Moderno (11 August 1867 – 20 February 1946) was a Portuguese writer, feminist and animal welfare activist. An active campaigner for women's rights, she also founded the first association dedicated to animal welfare in the Azores. Early biographies ignored that she was an open lesbian. Early life Alice Augusta Pereira de Melo Maulaz Moniz Moderno was born in Paris on 11 August 1867 to Celina Pereira de Melo Maulaz and João Rodrigues Pereira Moderno. Her father was a physician trained at the University of Paris, while her mother, a polyglot and pianist was trained at the Paris Conservatory. Both of her parents were born in Rio de Janeiro to Brazilian mothers, but her paternal grandfather was from Madeira and her maternal grandfather was French. In 1867, the couple moved briefly to Terceira Island, but returned to Paris after a year. When she was seven years old, her father moved out of the family home, because of an affair with a clerk from a fashion house. When her grandfa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alice Pestana
Alice Pestana or Maria Evelina Pestana Coelho (7 April 1860 – 24 December 1929) was a prolific Portuguese writer. She was the first president of the pacifist organisation '' Portuguese League for Peace'' that was founded in 1899. Life Pestana was born in the city of Santarém in central Portugal on 7 April 1860. Her parents were Eduardo Augusto Villar Coelho and Matilde Soares Pestana. She was educated well and she studied languages at the National High School of Lisbon where she was taught by women teachers. She learnt about natural history, chemistry and physics and read classic and modern literature. She studied French, Portuguese and English and her first published writing was in English. She used a which was usually Caiel. Pestana was publishing radical ideas about women's education and their rights under a in the newspaper ''Vanguardia''. She founded the Portuguese League for Peace on 18 May 1899 and she was the first president of the pacifist organisation. The organ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maria Carvalho
Maria das Graças Carvalho Dantas (born 21 May 1969), known as Maria Dantas, is a Brazilian- Spanish activist and politician who had served as Member of the Congress of Deputies of Spain. Early life Dantas was born on 21 May 1969 in Aracaju in north-eastern Brazil. She is the daughter of a merchant and a nurse. She has a degree in law from the Federal University of Sergipe. She was a student of Carlos Ayres Britto at the university. Dantas worked as a deputy delegate for the civil police in Sergipe. Career Dantas migrated to Spain in 1994 in order to study environmental law. She was an undocumented migrant and worked in various jobs over 15 years – as a maid, nanny, old age carer, dog walker, waitress and Portuguese teacher. She would clean toilets after attending doctorate classes. She later worked as an administrative assistant for a finance company. She is a naturalised Spanish citizen. Soon after arriving in Spain Dantas became an activist against xenophobia, racism, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carolina Michaëlis De Vasconcelos
Carolina Michaëlis de Vasconcelos, born Karoline Michaelis (15 March 1851 – 18 November 1925) was a German-Portuguese romanist. Early life, education and private life Michaelis was born in Berlin as the last of five children of Gustav Michaelis, a mathematics teacher. In 1876 she married Joaquim António da Fonseca Vasconcelos, founder of Portuguese art history writing. Academic career In 1911, she became the first female professor in Romance studies and German studies, at the ''Faculdade de Letras'' at the university of Lisbon. She was one of the first women in Portugal who were concerned with women's subordinate status and in particular about improving the educational opportunities for Women in Portugal together with Francisca Wood, Maria Carvalho, Alice Pestana, Alice Moderno, Angelina Vidal, Antónia Pusich and Guiomar Torrezão. Death, honours and commemoration Michaëlis de Vasconcelos died in Porto in November 1925. Several schools and streets have been name ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Family Planning
Family planning is the consideration of the number of children a person wishes to have, including the choice to have no children, and the age at which they wish to have them. Things that may play a role on family planning decisions include marital situation, career or work considerations, financial situations. If sexually active, family planning may involve the use of contraception and other techniques to control the timing of reproduction. Family planning has been of practice since the 16th century by the people of Djenné in West Africa, when physicians advised women to space their births at three-year intervals. Others aspects of family planning aside from contraception include sex education, prevention and management of sexually transmitted infections, pre-conception counseling and management, and infertility management.World Health Organization. (n.d.)Sexual and Reproductive Health Retrieved on 30 October 2019. Family planning, as defined by the United Nations and the World ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Postnatal Period
The postpartum (or postnatal) period begins after childbirth and is typically considered to end within 6 weeks as the mother's body, including hormone levels and uterus size, returns to a non-pregnant state. The terms puerperium, puerperal period, or immediate postpartum period are commonly used to refer to the first six weeks following childbirth. The World Health Organization (WHO) describes the postnatal period as the most critical and yet the most neglected phase in the lives of mothers and babies; most maternal and newborn deaths occur during this period. In scientific literature, the term is commonly abbreviated to P''x'', where ''x'' is a number; for example, "day P5" should be read as "the fifth day after birth". This is not to be confused with the medical nomenclature that uses G P to stand for number and outcomes of pregnancy ( gravidity and parity). A female giving birth in a hospital may leave as soon as they are medically stable, which can be as early as a few hou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pregnancy
Pregnancy is the time during which one or more offspring develops ( gestates) inside a woman's uterus (womb). A multiple pregnancy involves more than one offspring, such as with twins. Pregnancy usually occurs by sexual intercourse, but can also occur through assisted reproductive technology procedures. A pregnancy may end in a live birth, a miscarriage, an induced abortion, or a stillbirth. Childbirth typically occurs around 40 weeks from the start of the last menstrual period (LMP), a span known as the gestational age. This is just over nine months. Counting by fertilization age, the length is about 38 weeks. Pregnancy is "the presence of an implanted human embryo or fetus in the uterus"; implantation occurs on average 8–9 days after fertilization. An '' embryo'' is the term for the developing offspring during the first seven weeks following implantation (i.e. ten weeks' gestational age), after which the term ''fetus'' is used until birth. Signs an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
