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Viral Genome-linked Protein
''Potyviridae'' is a family of positive-strand RNA viruses that encompasses more than 30% of known plant viruses, many of which are of great agricultural significance. The family has 12 genera and 235 species, three of which are unassigned to a genus. Structure Potyvirid virions are nonenveloped, flexuous filamentous, rod-shaped particles. The diameter is around 12–15 nm, with a length of 200–300 nm. Genome Genomes are linear and usually nonsegmented, around 8–12kb in length, consisting of positive-sense RNA, which is surrounded by a protein coat made up of a single viral encoded protein called a capsid. All induce the formation of virus inclusion bodies called cylindrical inclusions (‘pinwheels’) in their hosts. These consist of a single protein (about 70 kDa) made in their hosts from a single viral genome product. Member viruses encode large polypeptides that are cleaved into mature proteins. In 5'–3' order these proteins are * P1 (a serine p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plum Pox Virus
A plum is a fruit of some species in Prunus subg. Prunus, ''Prunus'' subg. ''Prunus''''.'' Dried plums are called prunes. History Plums may have been one of the first fruits domesticated by humans. Three of the most abundantly cultivated species are not found in the wild, only around human settlements: ''Prunus domestica'' has been traced to East European and Caucasian mountains, while ''Prunus salicina'' and ''Prunus simonii'' originated in China. Plum remains have been found in Neolithic age archaeological sites along with olives, grapes and figs. According to Ken Albala, plums originated in Iran. They were brought to Britain from Asia. An article on plum tree cultivation in Andalusia (southern Spain) appears in Ibn al-'Awwam's 12th-century agricultural work, ''Book on Agriculture''. Etymology and names The name plum derived from Old English ''plume'' "plum, plum tree", borrowed from Germanic language, Germanic or Middle Dutch, derived from Latin ' and ultimately from Anci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Inosine Triphosphate Pyrophosphatase
Inosine triphosphate pyrophosphatase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''ITPA'' gene, by the ''rdgB'' gene in bacteria ''E.coli'' and the ''HAM1'' gene in yeast ''S. cerevisiae''; the protein is also encoded by some RNA viruses of the ''Potyviridae'' family. Two transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been found for this gene. Also, at least two other transcript variants have been identified which are probably regulatory rather than protein-coding. Function The protein encoded by this gene hydrolyzes inosine triphosphate and deoxyinosine triphosphate to the monophosphate nucleotide and diphosphate. The enzyme possesses a multiple substrate-specificity and acts on other nucleotides including xanthosine triphosphate and deoxyxanthosine triphosphate. The encoded protein, which is a member of the HAM1 NTPase protein family, is found in the cytoplasm and acts as a homodimer In biochemistry, a protein dimer is a macromolecular complex formed by two pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Poacevirus
''Poacevirus'' is a genus of viruses, in the family ''Potyviridae ''Potyviridae'' is a family of positive-strand RNA viruses that encompasses more than 30% of known plant viruses, many of which are of great agricultural significance. The family has 12 genera and 235 species, three of which are unassigned to ...''. Poaceae plants serve as natural hosts. There are three species in this genus. Taxonomy The genus contains the following species: * '' Caladenia virus A'' * '' Sugarcane streak mosaic virus'' * '' Triticum mosaic virus'' Structure Viruses in ''Poacevirus'' are non-enveloped, with flexuous and filamentous geometries. The diameter is around 12-15 nm, with a length of 680-750 nm. Genomes are linear and non-segmented, around 9.7-10.3kb in length. Life cycle Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by penetration into the host cell. Replication follows the positive stranded RNA virus replication model. Positive stranded RNA v ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Macluravirus
''Macluravirus'' is a genus of viruses, in the family ''Potyviridae''. Plants serve as natural hosts. There are ten species in this genus. Description Similarly to other ''Potyviridae'' genera, ''Macluravirus'' is characterised by its flexuous filamentous particles, inclusion bodies in infected plant cells and a polyprotein genome strategy. Unlike the other genera it is transmitted by insects. It also has shorter particles (650-660 nm in length). The genomes are monopartite. The name is derived from member species ''Maclura mosaic virus ''Maclura'' is a genus of flowering plants in the mulberry family, Moraceae. It includes the inedible Osage orange, which is used as mosquito repellent and grown throughout the United States as a hedging plant. It is dioecious, with male a ...''. History The genus was proposed at the ICTV meeting in San Diego in 1998, and subsequently ratified.Pringle C.R. & Fauquet, C.M. (1998). ICTV announcement – ratification of new ta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bymovirus
''Bymovirus'' is a genus of viruses, in the family ''Potyviridae''. Plants serve as natural hosts. There are six species in this genus. Taxonomy The genus contains the following species: * '' Barley mild mosaic virus'' * '' Barley yellow mosaic virus'' * '' Oat mosaic virus'' * '' Rice necrosis mosaic virus'' * ''Wheat spindle streak mosaic virus Wheat spindle streak mosaic virus (WSSMV) is a plant pathogenic virus of the family ''Potyviridae ''Potyviridae'' is a family of positive-strand RNA viruses that encompasses more than 30% of known plant viruses, many of which are of great a ...'' * '' Wheat yellow mosaic virus'' Structure Viruses in ''Bymovirus'' are non-enveloped, with flexuous and Filamentous geometries. The diameter is around 12-15 nm, with a length of 500-600 and 200-300 nm. Genomes are linear and bipartite, around 23.5-3.8kb in length. Life cycle Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by penetration into the ho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brambyvirus
''Brambyvirus'' is a genus of viruses, in the family ''Potyviridae ''Potyviridae'' is a family of positive-strand RNA viruses that encompasses more than 30% of known plant viruses, many of which are of great agricultural significance. The family has 12 genera and 235 species, three of which are unassigned to ...''. Plants serve as natural hosts. There is only one species in this genus: ''Blackberry virus Y''. Structure Viruses in ''Brambyvirus'' are non-enveloped, with flexuous and filamentous geometries. The diameter is around 12-15 nm, with a length of 800 nm. Genomes are linear and non-segmented, around 11kb in length. Life cycle Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by penetration into the host cell. Replication follows the positive stranded RNA virus replication model. Positive stranded RNA virus transcription is the method of transcription. The virus exits the host cell by tubule-guided viral movement. Plants serve as the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polymyxa Graminis
''Polymyxa graminis'' is a species of plasmodiophorid cercozoans. It is an obligate parasite of plant roots and, though itself non-pathogenic, is responsible for the transmission of several very important plant viruses, including barley yellow mosaic virus (BaYMV) and soil-borne wheat mosaic virus ''Soil-borne wheat mosaic virus'' is a rod-shaped plant pathogen that can cause severe stunting and mosaic in susceptible wheat, barley and rye cultivars. The disease has often been misdiagnosed as a nutritional problem, but this has actually al ... (SBWMV). References Plasmodiophorid Home Page* Konstantin Kanyuka, Elaine Ward and Michael J. Adams. ''Polymyxa graminis and the cereal viruses it transmits: a research challenge''. Molecular Plant Pathology, Vol 4 page 393. Endomyxa Plant pathogens and diseases by vector {{Cercozoa-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chytrid Fungus
Chytridiomycota are a division of zoosporic organisms in the kingdom Fungi, informally known as chytrids. The name is derived from the Ancient Greek ('), meaning "little pot", describing the structure containing unreleased zoöspores. Chytrids are one of the early diverging fungal lineages, and their membership in kingdom Fungi is demonstrated with chitin cell walls, a posterior whiplash flagellum, absorptive nutrition, use of glycogen as an energy storage compound, and synthesis of lysine by the -amino adipic acid (AAA) pathway. Chytrids are saprobic, degrading refractory materials such as chitin and keratin, and sometimes act as parasites. There has been a significant increase in the research of chytrids since the discovery of ''Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis'', the causal agent of chytridiomycosis. Classification Species of Chytridiomycota have traditionally been delineated and classified based on development, morphology, substrate, and method of zoöspore discharge. Howeve ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
