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Vinyl Tributyltin
Vinyl tributyltin is an organotin compound with the formula Bu3SnCH=CH2 (Bu = butyl). It is a white, air-stable solid. It is used as a source of vinyl anion equivalent in Stille coupling reactions. As a source of vinyltin reagents, early work used vinyl trimethyltin, but trimethyltin compounds are avoided nowadays owing to their toxicity. Preparation The compound is prepared by the reaction of vinylmagnesium bromide with tributyltin chloride. It can be synthesized in the laboratory by hydrostannylation of acetylene with tributyltin hydride Tributyltin hydride is an organotin compound with the formula (C4H9)3SnH. It is a colorless liquid that is soluble in organic solvents. The compound is used as a source of hydrogen atoms in organic synthesis. Synthesis and characterization The c .... It is commercially available. References {{Reflist Organotin compounds Vinyl compounds Tin(IV) compounds ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Organotin Compound
Organotin compounds or stannanes are chemical compounds based on tin with hydrocarbon substituents. Organotin chemistry is part of the wider field of organometallic chemistry. The first organotin compound was diethyltin diiodide (), discovered by Edward Frankland in 1849. The area grew rapidly in the 1900s, especially after the discovery of the Grignard reagents, which are useful for producing Sn–C bonds. The area remains rich with many applications in industry and continuing activity in the research laboratory. Structure Organotin compounds are generally classified according to their oxidation states. Tin(IV) compounds are much more common and more useful. Organic derivatives of tin(IV) The tetraorgano derivatives are invariably tetrahedral. Compounds of the type SnRR'R''R have been resolved into individual enantiomers. Organotin halides Organotin chlorides have the formula for values of ''n'' up to 3. Bromides, iodides, and fluorides are also known but less important. These ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Butyl
In organic chemistry, butyl is a four-carbon alkyl radical or substituent group with general chemical formula , derived from either of the two isomers (''n''-butane and isobutane) of butane. The isomer ''n''-butane can connect in two ways, giving rise to two "-butyl" groups: * If it connects at one of the two terminal carbon atoms, it is normal butyl or ''n''-butyl: (preferred IUPAC name: butyl) * If it connects at one of the non-terminal (internal) carbon atoms, it is secondary butyl or ''sec''-butyl: (preferred IUPAC name: butan-2-yl) The second isomer of butane, isobutane, can also connect in two ways, giving rise to two additional groups: * If it connects at one of the three terminal carbons, it is isobutyl: (preferred IUPAC name: 2-methylpropyl) * If it connects at the central carbon, it is tertiary butyl, ''tert''-butyl or ''t''-butyl: (preferred IUPAC name: ''tert''-butyl) Nomenclature According to IUPAC nomenclature, "isobutyl", "''sec''-butyl", and "''tert''-b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stille Coupling
The Stille reaction is a chemical reaction widely used in organic synthesis. The reaction involves the coupling of two organic groups, one of which is carried as an organotin compound (also known as organostannanes). A variety of organic electrophiles provide the other coupling partner. The Stille reaction is one of many palladium-catalyzed coupling reactions.Hartwig, J. F. ''Organotransition Metal Chemistry, from Bonding to Catalysis''; University Science Books: New York, 2010. Stille, J. K. '' Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl.'' 1986, ''25'', 508–524.ReviewFarina, V.; Krishnamurthy, V.; Scott, W. J. ''Org. React.'' 1998, ''50'', 1–652.Review : + \ \ce \ \overbrace^ + \!-\! :*\!,\ : Allyl, alkenyl, aryl, benzyl,acyl :*: halides (Cl, Br, I), pseudohalides (, OPO(OR)2), OAc The R1 group attached to the trialkyltin is normally sp2-hybridized, including vinyl, and aryl groups. These organostannanes are also stable to both air and moisture, and many of these reagents either are com ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tributyltin Chloride
Tributyltin chloride is an organotin compound with the formula ( C4H9)3SnCl. It is a colorless liquid that is soluble in organic solvents. Preparation and reactions The compound is prepared by a redistribution reaction by combining stannic chloride and tetrabutyltin: :3 (C4H9)4Sn + SnCl4 → 4 (C4H9)3SnCl Tributyltin chloride hydrolyzes to the oxide C4H9)3Snsub>2O Tributyltin chloride is used as a precursor to other organotin compounds{{cite journal, title=Palladium-catalyzed Coupling Of Acid Chlorides With Organotin Reagents: Ethyl (E)-4-(4-nitrophenyl)-4-oxo-2-butenoate, authors=A. F. Renaldo, J. W. Labadie, And J. K. Stille, journal=Org. Synth., year=1989, volume=67, page=86, doi=10.15227/orgsyn.067.0086 and reagents, such as tributyltin hydride Tributyltin hydride is an organotin compound with the formula (C4H9)3SnH. It is a colorless liquid that is soluble in organic solvents. The compound is used as a source of hydrogen atoms in organic synthesis. Synthesis an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hydrostannylation
In chemistry, hydrostannylation is the insertion of unsaturated substrates into an Sn-H bond. The reaction occurs under free-radical conditions, but the stereochemistry and regiochemistry are often complex. The reaction gained synthetic importance with the discovery that palladium complexes catalyze the reaction. The reaction is analogous to hydrosilylation and is a subset of hydroelementation. Hydrostannylation is a versatile route to organotin compounds, many of which are versatile synthetic intermediates, e.g. in Stille coupling. Substrates and scope The typical Pd-based catalyst is tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0). The typical unsaturated substrates are alkynes. The typical stannane is tributyltin hydride. The reaction mechanism is assumed to operate via oxidative addition Oxidative addition and reductive elimination are two important and related classes of reactions in organometallic chemistry. Oxidative addition is a process that increases both the oxidatio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acetylene
Acetylene (systematic name: ethyne) is the chemical compound with the formula and structure . It is a hydrocarbon and the simplest alkyne. This colorless gas is widely used as a fuel and a chemical building block. It is unstable in its pure form and thus is usually handled as a solution. Pure acetylene is odorless, but commercial grades usually have a marked odor due to impurities such as divinyl sulfide and phosphine.Compressed Gas Association (1995Material Safety and Data Sheet – Acetylene As an alkyne, acetylene is unsaturated because its two carbon atoms are bonded together in a triple bond. The carbon–carbon triple bond places all four atoms in the same straight line, with CCH bond angles of 180°. Discovery Acetylene was discovered in 1836 by Edmund Davy, who identified it as a "new carburet of hydrogen". It was an accidental discovery while attempting to isolate potassium metal. By heating potassium carbonate with carbon at very high temperatures, he produced a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tributyltin Hydride
Tributyltin hydride is an organotin compound with the formula (C4H9)3SnH. It is a colorless liquid that is soluble in organic solvents. The compound is used as a source of hydrogen atoms in organic synthesis. Synthesis and characterization The compound is produced by reduction of tributyltin oxide with polymethylhydrosiloxane: : 2 " eSi(H)Osub>n" + (Bu3Sn)2O → " eSi(OH)Osub>n" + 2 Bu3SnH The hydride is a distillable liquid that is mildly sensitive to air, decomposing to (Bu3Sn)2O. Its IR spectrum exhibits a strong band at 1814 cm−1 for ''ν''Sn−H. Applications It is a specialized reagent in organic synthesis. Combined with azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) or by irradiation with light, tributyltin hydride converts organic halides (and related groups) to the corresponding hydrocarbon. This process occurs via a radical chain mechanism involving the radical Bu3Sn•. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Organotin Compounds
Organotin compounds or stannanes are chemical compounds based on tin with hydrocarbon substituents. Organotin chemistry is part of the wider field of organometallic chemistry. The first organotin compound was diethyltin diiodide (), discovered by Edward Frankland in 1849. The area grew rapidly in the 1900s, especially after the discovery of the Grignard reagents, which are useful for producing Sn–C bonds. The area remains rich with many applications in industry and continuing activity in the research laboratory. Structure Organotin compounds are generally classified according to their oxidation states. Tin(IV) compounds are much more common and more useful. Organic derivatives of tin(IV) The tetraorgano derivatives are invariably tetrahedral. Compounds of the type SnRR'R''R have been resolved into individual enantiomers. Organotin halides Organotin chlorides have the formula for values of ''n'' up to 3. Bromides, iodides, and fluorides are also known but less important. These ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vinyl Compounds
Vinyl may refer to: Chemistry * Polyvinyl chloride (PVC), a particular vinyl polymer * Vinyl cation, a type of carbocation * Vinyl group, a broad class of organic molecules in chemistry * Vinyl polymer, a group of polymers derived from vinyl monomers Materials * PVC clothing, a fabric * Vinyl composition tile, a type of floor tiling * Vinyl siding, an exterior building cladding Music * LP Records, commonly referred to as "vinyl" because they are made with PVC, a co-polymer of vinyl chloride acetate. * ''Vinyl'' (Dramarama album), 1991 * ''Vinyl'' (William Michael Morgan album), 2016 * ''Vinyl'' (EP), by Dramarama * Vinyl Solution, a record label * "Vinyl", a song by Kira Kosarin Kira Nicole Kosarin (born October 7, 1997) is an American actress and singer, known for her role as Phoebe Thunderman on the Nickelodeon series ''The Thundermans''. On April 10, 2019, she independently released her debut album, ''Off Brand'', la ... Film * ''Vinyl'' (1965 film), directed by A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
