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Ultras
Ultras are a type of association football fans who are renowned for their fanatical support. The term originated in Italy, but is used worldwide to describe predominantly organised fans of association football teams. The behavioural tendency of ultras groups includes their use of flares (primarily in tifo choreography), vocal support in large groups and the displaying of banners at football stadiums, all of which are designed to create an atmosphere which encourages their own team and intimidates the opposing players and their supporters. The frequent use of elaborate displays in stadiums is also common. The actions of ultras groups are occasionally extreme and they may be influenced by racism and political ideologies, including avowedly nationalist and anti-semitic ones. In some instances, this goes to the point where the passionate and loyal support of one's team becomes secondary to the theoretical ideology of the ultras phenomenon. In recent decades, the culture has ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fossa Dei Leoni
The Fossa dei Leoni (FDL ) was an association of ultras supporters of Italian professional football club Associazione Calcio Milan. Established in 1968, it was the second ultras group to form in Italy, after Commandos Tigre (also supporters of AC Milan) in 1967. History Origin to dissolution The association was originally a group of young supporters who started to meet on ramp 18 of popular sectors of San Siro stadium, in Milan. They wore the uniform of A.C. Milan and brought flags and confetti to the stadium. The name was chosen due to the nickname of A.C. Milan's old stadium. In 1972 they moved from ramp 18 to the middle sector of the stadium. That year its hymn was created, inspired by the Italian movie "''L'armata Brancaleone''". In that period many Italian ultras groups identified themselves with political ideas.FDL identified itself as left wing, displaying a banner with a picture of Che Guevara. Disorderly conduct problems from 1975 to 1977 led it to change its name to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Barra Brava
''Barra brava'' () is the name of organized supporters' groups of football teams in Latin America, analogous to British hooligans in providing fanatical support to their clubs in stadiums and provoking violence against rival fans as well as against the police. Actions such as exhibition of choreographies (like throwing smoke bombs, firecrackers, confetti and balloons and displaying giant flags that cover entire stands, or part of them, before the match's start) to welcome the team when it goes out to the pitch; waving and displaying of flags, banners and umbrellas; and coordination of chants (that accompany playing bass drums and trumpets and end up being sung by part or the rest of their team's crowd in the stadium while jumping or applauding) during the whole match, are characteristic of their fervent behavior, whose purpose is to encourage their team while intimidating referees and rival fans and players, for which they also provoke violence. They also look to attack rival ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tifo
Tifo () is the phenomenon whereby tifosi of a sports team makes a visual display of any choreographed flag, sign or banner in the stands of a stadium, mostly as part of an association football match. Tifos are most commonly seen in important matches, local derbies and rivalries, and although the tradition originated at club teams, some national teams also have fans that organise tifos on a regular basis. Tifos are primarily arranged by ultras or a supporter club to show their love to the club, but are sometimes sponsored or arranged by the club itself. History The tifo culture, like the origin of its name, has its roots in Italy and Southern Europe, and has a strong presence in Eastern Europe. It has much in common with the ultras culture and appeared at the same time in the late 1960s and early 1970s. Tifos, while highly prevalent in Europe, have become more widespread and more common in all parts of the world where association football is played. Some tifos are politica ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Torcida Organizada
Torcidas organizadas () are formal (or informal) associations of football fans in Brazil in the same vein as '' barras bravas'' in the rest of Latin America, ''hooligan firms'' in United Kingdom and ''ultras'' in the rest of Europe, Asia, Australia and North Africa. The name is based on the Portuguese verb ''torcer'', which means "to wring" or "to twist"; the definition shifted to "to root for" after wringing scarfs became an emotional outlet for female Brazilian spectators attending football matches in the 1930s. The rationale for the fans' behavior is that it can help the team gather strength to beat the opponent. Beginnings in Brazil In the beginning of the 1940s, and until the 1960s, ''torcidas organizadas'' were informal associations of fans who gathered to buy fireworks, cloth for large flags, and other stuff to be used during celebrations. The first one was the "Charanga Rubro-Negra" (Flamengo), created in 1942. Later, such associations became permanent, and were legall ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hibernian FC
Hibernian Football Club (), commonly known as Hibs, is a professional association football, football club based in the Leith area of Edinburgh, Scotland. The club plays in the Scottish Premiership, the top tier of the Scottish Professional Football League (SPFL). The club was founded in 1875 by members of Edinburgh's Irish migration to Britain, Irish community, and named after Hibernia, the Roman word for Ireland. Nowadays, while the Irish heritage of Hibernian is still reflected in the name, colours and badge, support for the club is now based more on geography than ethnicity or religion. Their local rivals are Heart of Midlothian F.C., Heart of Midlothian, with whom they contest the Edinburgh derby. Home matches are played at Easter Road, which has been in use since 1893, when the club joined the Scottish Football League. The name of the club is regularly shortened to ''Hibs'', with the team also being known as ''The Hibees'' (pronounced ) and supporters known as ''Hibbies'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Association Football Culture
Association football culture, or football culture refers to the cultural aspects surrounding the game of association football. As the sport is global, the culture of the game is diverse, with varying degrees of overlap and distinctiveness in each country. In many countries, football has ingrained itself into the national culture, and parts of life may revolve around it. Many countries have daily football newspapers, as well as football magazines. Football players, especially in the top levels of the game, have become role models. Football has over 150 years of history. The rules first written in England in 1863 – and since then a vast and diverse culture has emerged. The culture of football can be easily divided into how the players, fans and clubs see the sport. Held every four years, the FIFA World Cup is a "month long festival of football", with ''The Independent'' adding "its extreme popularity across the expanse of the globe giving it a uniquely universal audience". Fan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Green Brigade
The Green Brigade are a Celtic F.C. supporter ultra group formed in 2006. They are situated in the North Curve corner section of Celtic Park. Controversy At a match against Dundee United in November 2010, there was serious disorder in the section occupied by the Green Brigade when a supporter was being ejected by stewards. Supporters charged at the security guards and one was left with a bloody lip after a coin was reportedly thrown. In April 2011 at the Scottish Cup semi-final against Aberdeen, police officers attempted to remove a supporter who had set off a flare inside the stadium. Police were unable to remove the supporter because other fans held onto him. Four supporters were later held by police in connection with the incident. More than 100 Green Brigade members walked out of the stadium in protest at the arrests. In April 2011 some members of the Green Brigade were not sent season ticket renewal forms after the club threatened to disperse the group around other sec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
HNK Hajduk Split
Hrvatski nogometni klub Hajduk Split, commonly referred to as Hajduk Split () or simply Hajduk, is a Croatian professional football club based in Split, that competes in the Croatian First League, the top tier in Croatian football. Since 1979, the club's home ground has been the 34,198-seater Stadion Poljud. The team's traditional home colours are white shirts with blue shorts and blue socks. The idea to form a football club was started by group of Split students who were studying in Prague. After observing a game between Slavia and Sparta Prague, the group gathered at the U Fleků tavern and talked of creating a football club at home. When they returned to Split, they put their plan in motion and Hajduk was founded on 13 February 1911. Between the early 1920s and 1940, Hajduk regularly participated in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia national championship. Following World War II and the formation of the Yugoslav league system in 1946, Hajduk went on to spend the entire SFR Yugoslavia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Left Wing Politics
Left-wing politics describes the range of political ideologies that support and seek to achieve social equality and egalitarianism, often in opposition to social hierarchy. Left-wing politics typically involve a concern for those in society whom its adherents perceive as disadvantaged relative to others as well as a belief that there are unjustified inequalities that need to be reduced or abolished. Left-wing politics are also associated with popular or state control of major political and economic institutions. According to emeritus professor of economics Barry Clark, left-wing supporters "claim that human development flourishes when individuals engage in cooperative, mutually respectful relations that can thrive only when excessive differences in status, power, and wealth are eliminated." Within the left–right political spectrum, ''Left'' and ''Right'' were coined during the French Revolution, referring to the seating arrangement in the French Estates General. Those ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Celtic F
Celtic, Celtics or Keltic may refer to: Language and ethnicity *pertaining to Celts, a collection of Indo-European peoples in Europe and Anatolia **Celts (modern) *Celtic languages **Proto-Celtic language * Celtic music *Celtic nations Sports Football clubs *Celtic F.C., a Scottish professional football club based in Glasgow ** Celtic F.C. Women * Bangor Celtic F.C., Northern Irish, defunct * Belfast Celtic F.C., Northern Irish, defunct *Blantyre Celtic F.C., Scottish, defunct *Bloemfontein Celtic F.C., South African *Castlebar Celtic F.C., Irish *Celtic F.C. (Jersey City), United States, defunct * Celtic FC America, from Houston, Texas * Celtic Nation F.C., English, defunct *Cleator Moor Celtic F.C., English *Cork Celtic F.C., Irish, defunct * Cwmbran Celtic F.C., Welsh * Derry Celtic F.C., Irish, defunct *Donegal Celtic F.C., Northern Irish *Dungiven Celtic F.C., Northern Irish, defunct * Farsley Celtic F.C., English *Leicester Celtic A.F.C., Irish *Lurgan Celtic F.C., Northern ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Provisional Irish Republican Army
The Irish Republican Army (IRA; ), also known as the Provisional Irish Republican Army, and informally as the Provos, was an Irish republican paramilitary organisation that sought to end British rule in Northern Ireland, facilitate Irish reunification and bring about an independent, socialist republic encompassing all of Ireland. It was the most active republican paramilitary group during the Troubles. It saw itself as the army of the all-island Irish Republic and as the sole legitimate successor to the original IRA from the Irish War of Independence. It was designated a terrorist organisation in the United Kingdom and an unlawful organisation in the Republic of Ireland, both of whose authority it rejected. The Provisional IRA emerged in December 1969, due to a split within the previous incarnation of the IRA and the broader Irish republican movement. It was initially the minority faction in the split compared to the Official IRA, but became the dominant faction by 1972. T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anti-racist
Anti-racism encompasses a range of ideas and political actions which are meant to counter racial prejudice, systemic racism, and the oppression of specific racial groups. Anti-racism is usually structured around conscious efforts and deliberate actions which are intended to provide equal opportunities for all people on both an individual and a systemic level. As a philosophy, it can be engaged in by the acknowledgment of personal privileges, confronting acts as well as systems of racial discrimination, and/or working to change personal racial biases. Major contemporary anti-racism efforts include Black Lives Matter organizing and workplace antiracism. History European origins European racism was spread to the Americas by the Europeans, but establishment views were questioned when they were applied to indigenous peoples. After the discovery of the New World, many of the members of the clergy who were sent to the New World who were educated in the new humane values of the Rena ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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