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Utroque Iuris
A doctor of both laws, from the Latin ''doctor utriusque juris'', or ''juris utriusque doctor'', or ''doctor juris utriusque'' ("doctor of both laws") (abbreviations include: JUD, IUD, DUJ, JUDr., DUI, DJU, Dr.iur.utr., Dr.jur.utr., DIU, UJD and UID) is a scholar who has acquired a doctorate in both civil and church law. The degree was common among Roman Catholic and German scholars of the Middle Ages and early modern times. Today the degree is awarded by the Pontifical Lateran University after a period of six years of study, by the University of Würzburg, and by the University of Fribourg, as well as the University of Cologne. Between approximately the twelfth through the eighteenth centuries European students of law mastered the ''Ius commune'', a pan-European legal system that held sway during that span. It was composed of canon (church) law and Roman and feudal (civil) law, resulting in the degree of "Doctor of both laws". or of "Licentiatus of both laws". Doctors of Civ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scholar
A scholar is a person who pursues academic and intellectual activities, particularly academics who apply their intellectualism into expertise in an area of study. A scholar can also be an academic, who works as a professor, teacher, or researcher at a university. An academic usually holds an advanced degree or a terminal degree, such as a master's degree or a doctorate ( PhD). Independent scholars, such as philosophers and public intellectuals, work outside of the academy, yet publish in academic journals and participate in scholarly public discussion. Definitions In contemporary English usage, the term ''scholar'' sometimes is equivalent to the term ''academic'', and describes a university-educated individual who has achieved intellectual mastery of an academic discipline, as instructor and as researcher. Moreover, before the establishment of universities, the term ''scholar'' identified and described an intellectual person whose primary occupation was professional research. In ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thomas Bach
Thomas Bach (born 29 December 1953) is a German lawyer, former Olympic foil fencer and Olympic gold medalist, serving as the ninth and current president of the International Olympic Committee since 10 September 2013. He is also a former member of the German Olympic Sports Confederation executive board. Bach is the first ever Olympic champion to be elected President of the IOC. Early life and education Thomas Bach was born in 1953 in Würzburg, West Germany. He grew up in Tauberbischofsheim, where he lived with his parents until 1977. Bach earned a doctor of law ( Dr. iur. utr.) degree in 1983 from the University of Würzburg. He speaks fluent French, English, Spanish and German. Fencing career Bach is a former foil fencer who competed for West Germany. He won a team gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, as well as silver, gold, and bronze team medals at the 1973, 1977 and 1979 world championships, respectively. He completed his last match on 26 October 1980 in Shanghai. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pierluigi Carafa
Pierluigi Carafa, Junior (4 July 1677 – 15 December 1755) (sometimes spelled as ''Caraffa'') was an Italian cardinal from the famous Neapolitan family of Italian nobles, clergy, and men of arts. He served the papacy as Camerlengo of the Sacred College of Cardinals and as Dean of same College. He is currently buried at Sant'Andrea delle Fratte in Rome. Early Ecclesiastic Career Born into an illustrious house of Naples, the family of Pierluigi was not unaccustomed to high-ranking prelates. Other cardinals in the family consisted of Filippo Carafa della Serra; Oliviero Carafa; Gianvincenzo Carafa; Carlo Carafa; Diomede Carafa; Alfonso Carafa; Antonio Carafa; Giovanni Pietro Carafa (later Pope Paul IV); Pier Luigi Carafa, Senior; Carlo Carafa della Spina; Fortunato Ilario Carafa della Spina; Francesco Carafa della Spina di Traetto; Marino Carafa di Belvedere; and Domenico Carafa della Spina di Traetto. Also a member of the family was Gregorio Carafa, Grand Master of the Order ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Francesco Carafa Di Trajetto
Francesco Carafa della Spina di Trajetto (29 April 1722, Naples - 20 September 1818, Rome) was an Italian cardinal. Family He belonged to the family of pope Paul IV and of pope Paul V via his mother. He was the great-great uncle of cardinal Domenico Carafa della Spina di Traetto (1844). The other cardinals in the family were Filippo Carafa della Serra (1378), Oliviero Carafa (1467), Gianvincenzo Carafa (1527), Carlo Carafa (1555), Diomede Carafa (1555); Alfonso Carafa (1557), Antonio Carafa (1568), Decio Carafa (1611), Pier Luigi Carafa (1645), Carlo Carafa della Spina (1664), Fortunato Ilario Carafa della Spina (1686), Marino Carafa di Belvedere (1801) and Domenico Carafa della Spina di Traetto (1844). Life He was made titular bishop, titular archbishop of Latin Archbishopric of Patras, Patras in 1760, before being sent to the Republic of Venice as Apostolic Nuncio to Venice, Apostolic Nuncio. He became secretary to the Congregation of Bishops in 1766. He was made a cardinal by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Domenico Carafa Della Spina Di Traetto
Domenico Carafa della Spina di Traetto (12 July 1805 – 17 June 1879) was a Catholic Cardinal, Archbishop of Benevento and Camerlengo of the Sacred College of Cardinals. Personal life Carafa was born in Naples, Italy on 12 July 1805. He was the son of Palatine Prince and Count ''Francesco Carafa della Spina'', 3rd duke of Traetto, and ''Paola Orsini'', of the princes of Solofra and the dukes of Gravina. He was educated at the ''Collegio Nazareno'' in Rome (1817 to 1823) and at the Pontifical Academy of Ecclesiastical Nobles in Rome (1823). He also received a doctorate in utroque iuris, both civil and canon law on 22 July 1826. Church service Carafa was ordained as a priest at age 35 on 30 May 1841. Only three years later on 22 July 1844, Carafa was elevated to Cardinal and appointed Archbishop of Benevento and Cardinal-Priest of S. Maria degli Angeli Carafa was expelled from Benevento in 1860 after its annexation to the Italian kingdom. Vatican service Carafa was appo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Filippo Giudice Caracciolo
Filippo Giudice Caracciolo was an Italian prelate who was archbishop of Naples from 1833 to 1844. Life Born into a noble family in Naples on 27 March 1785, he entered the Oratorian order in the late years of the 18th century. He was ordained on March 18, 1809. He performed his pastoral duties in different places and in 1820 he was named bishop of Molfetta and consecrated as bishop. In 1833, he was named by pope Gregory XVI archbishop of Naples. In the same year he was named Cardinal with the title of S. Agnese fuori le mura. He died on 29 January 1844. References 1785 births 1844 deaths 19th-century Italian cardinals 19th-century Italian Roman Catholic archbishops Archbishops of Naples Filippo Filippo is an Italian male given name, which is the equivalent of the English name Philip, from the Greek ''Philippos'', meaning "amante dei cavalli".''Behind the Name''"Given Name Philip" Retrieved on 23 January 2016. The female variant is Filip ... Cardinals cre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Giovanni Battista Caprara
Giovanni Battista Caprara Montecuccoli (1733 – 1810) was an Italian statesman and Cardinal and archbishop of Milan from 1802 to 1810. As a papal diplomat he served in the embassies in Cologne, Lausanne, and Vienna. As Legate of Pius VII in France, he implemented the ''Concordat'' of 1801, and negotiated with the Emperor Napoleon over the matter of appointments to the restored hierarchy in France. He crowned Napoleon as King of Italy in Milan in 1805. Early life Caprara was born at Bologna on 29 May 1733 to Count Francesco Raimondo Montecuccoli and Countess Maria Vittoria Caprara. He took his maternal surname since she was the last of her line of the Capraras. He was the brother of Count Alberto Caprara, a general and diplomat in the service of Austria. He studied at the Collegio Nazareno in Rome, and earned a doctorate in utroque iure at the Sapienza University of Rome on 23 September 1755. With his doctorate in law, Caprara was appointed in 1755 referendary of the Tribunals ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Étienne Hubert De Cambacérès
Étienne, a French analog of Stephen or Steven, is a masculine given name. An archaic variant of the name, prevalent up to the mid-17th century, is Estienne. Étienne, Etienne, Ettiene or Ettienne may refer to: People Scientists and inventors *Étienne Bézout (1730–1783), French mathematician *Étienne Louis Geoffroy (1725–1810), French entomologist and pharmacist *Étienne Laspeyres (1834–1913), German professor of economics and statistics *Étienne Lenoir (1822–1900), Belgian engineer who invented the first internal combustion engine to be produced in numbers *Étienne Lenoir (instrument maker) (1744–1832), French scientific instrument maker and inventor of the repeating circle surveying instrument *Étienne Mulsant (1797–1880), French entomologist and ornithologist *Étienne Pascal (1588–1651), French lawyer, scientist and mathematician best known as the father of Blaise Pascal *Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire (1772–1844), French naturalist *Étienne Pierre Ve ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antonio Maria Cagiano De Azevedo
Antonio Maria Cagiano de Azevedo (14 December 1797 – 13 January 1867) was a Catholic Cardinal and held a number of significant legal positions within the Catholic Church during the 19th century. Personal life Cagiano was born 14 December 1797 in Santopadre to a noble family; he was the son of ''Ottavio Cagiano de Azevedo''. Cagiano was the uncle of Cardinal Ottavio Cagiano de Azevedo. He was educated at the Pontifical Academy of Ecclesiastical Nobles in Rome then at the ''Archgymnasium of Rome'' where he received a doctorate in utroque iuris (civil and canon law). Ecclesiastical service Cagiano was ordained in 1824 and was immediately appointed to a number of politico-legal positions in quick succession including: *Secretary to the dean of the Sacred Roman Rota. *Member of the college of consistorial lawyers. *Domestic prelate of Pope Pius VIII. *''Assessore criminale'' of the auditor general of the Apostolic Chamber and of the governor of Rome. *Auditor of the Tribunal of Si ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Giovanni Battista Bussi (1755–1844)
Giovanni Battista Bussi (Viterbo, 23 January 1755 – Benevento, 31 January 1844) was an Italian cleric. He was raised to cardinal by pope Leo XII Pope Leo XII ( it, Leone XII; born Annibale Francesco Clemente Melchiorre Girolamo Nicola della Genga (; 2 August 1760 – 10 February 1829), was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 28 September 1823 to his death ... in the consistory of 3 May 1824. References External links *http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bbussi.html 1755 births 1844 deaths 19th-century Italian cardinals People from Viterbo {{Italy-RC-cardinal-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Giacomo Luigi Brignole
Giacomo Luigi Brignole (8 May 1797 – 23 June 1853) was a Catholic Cardinal and Camerlengo of the Sacred College of Cardinals. Early life Brignole was born on 8 May 1797 in Genoa, then the capital of the Republic of Genoa. He was educated at local institutions in Genoa where he studied humanities and then at the La Sapienza University in Rome where he received a doctorate in utroque iuris (both civil and canon law) in 1835. After being ordained as a priest he was appointed Vice-legate in Ferrara and later Vicar of the patriarchal Lateran Basilica in Rome. He was elected titular archbishop of Nazianzo in and was consecrated in 1830, Rome, by Cardinal Giacomo Filippo Franzoni and was appointed Treasurer General of the Apostolic Chamber in 1833. Cardinalate Brignole was elevated to cardinal-priest in 1834 and was appointed ''President of the Commission of Subsidies'' in 1840. He participated in the Papal Conclave of 1846 which elected Pope Pius IX. He also held the positi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Edoardo Borromeo
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Edoardo Borromeo (3 August 1822 – 30 November 1881) was an Italian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He was ''Maestro di Camera'' to Pius IX and was Cardinal-Deacon of Santi Vito, Modesto e Crescenzio from 1868 to 1878. He was the seventh cardinal to be selected from the Borromeo family. References External linksCatholic hierarchy www.borromeo.it* Salvador Miranda ''The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church: Biographical Dictionary''. Borromeo Edoardo di Vitaliano e D’Adda, biography from verbanensia.org. 19th-century Italian cardinals Cardinals created by Pope Pius IX 1822 births 1881 deaths Edoardo Edoardo is the Italian form of the English male given name Edward. Notable people named Edoardo include: * Edoardo Agnelli (industrialist) (1892–1935), Italian industrialist * Edoardo Alfieri (1913–1998), Italian sculptor * Edoardo Amaldi (1908 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
