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Umount
In computing, mount is a command in various operating systems. Before a user can access a file on a Unix-like machine, the file system on the device which contains the file needs to be mounted with the mount command. Frequently mount is used for SD card, USB storage, DVD and other removable storage devices. The command is also available in the EFI shell. Overview The mount command instructs the operating system that a file system is ready to use, and associates it with a particular point in the overall file system hierarchy (its ''mount point'') and sets options relating to its access. Mounting makes file systems, files, directories, devices and special files available for use and available to the user. Its counterpart umount instructs the operating system that the file system should be disassociated from its mount point, making it no longer accessible and may be removed from the computer. It is important to umount a device before removing it since changes to files may have only ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Loop Device
In Unix-like operating systems, a loop device, vnd (vnode disk), or lofi (loop file interface) is a pseudo-device that makes a computer file accessible as a block device. Before use, a loop device must be connected to an extant file in the file system. The association provides the user with an application programming interface (API) that allows the file to be used in place of a block special file (cf. device file system). Thus, if the file contains an entire file system, the file may then be mounted as if it were a disk device. Files of this kind are often used for CD ISO images and floppy disk images. Mounting a file containing a file system via such a loop mount makes the files within that file system accessible. They appear in the mount point directory. A loop device may allow some kind of data elaboration during this redirection. For example, the device may be the unencrypted version of an encrypted file. In such a case, the file associated with a loop device may be another pse ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Util-linux
is a standard package distributed by the Linux Kernel Organization for use as part of the Linux operating system. A fork, (with meaning "next generation"), was created when development stalled, but has been renamed back to , and is the official version of the package. Contents Included It includes the following utilities: Removed Utilities formerly included, but removed : * arch * chkdupexe * clock * cytune * ddate (removed from default build before being removed altogether) * elvtune * fastboot * fasthalt * halt * initctl * ramsize (formerly a symlink to rdev) * rdev * reboot * rootflags (formerly a symlink to rdev) * shutdown * simpleinit * tailf * vidmode (formerly a symlink to rdev) See also * BusyBox * cat (Unix) * CUPS * GNU Core Utilities * Toybox * uname References External links The util-linux code repository.pub/linux/utils/util-linuxon Kernel.org kernel.org is the main distribution point of source code for the Linux kernel, which is the base of the Linux ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
USB Storage
The USB mass storage device class (also known as USB MSC or UMS) is a set of computing communications protocols, specifically a USB Device Class, defined by the USB Implementers Forum that makes a USB device accessible to a host computing device and enables file transfers between the host and the USB device. To a host, the USB device acts as an external hard drive; the protocol set interfaces with a number of storage devices. Uses Devices connected to computers via this standard include: * External magnetic hard drives * External optical drives, including CD and DVD reader and writer drives * USB flash drives * Solid-state drives * Adapters between standard flash memory cards and USB connections * Digital cameras * Portable media players * Card readers * PDAs * Mobile phones Devices supporting this standard are known as MSC (Mass Storage Class) devices. While MSC is the original abbreviation, UMS (Universal Mass Storage) has also come into common use. Operating system sup ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fstab
fstab (after ''file systems table'') is a system file commonly found in the directory /etc on Unix and Unix-like computer systems. In Linux, it is part of the util-linux package. The fstab file typically lists all available disk partitions and other types of file systems and data sources that may not necessarily be disk-based, and indicates how they are to be initialized or otherwise integrated into the larger file system structure. The fstab file is read by the mount command, which happens automatically at boot time to determine the overall file system structure, and thereafter when a user executes the mount command to modify that structure. It is the duty of the system administrator to properly create and maintain the fstab file. While fstab is used for basic system configuration, for other uses, it has been superseded by automatic mounting mechanisms. The file has other names on some versions of Unix; for example, it is found at /etc/vfstab on Solaris systems. Modern use Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Unix-like
A Unix-like (sometimes referred to as UN*X or *nix) operating system is one that behaves in a manner similar to a Unix system, although not necessarily conforming to or being certified to any version of the Single UNIX Specification. A Unix-like application is one that behaves like the corresponding Unix command or shell. Although there are general philosophies for Unix design, there is no technical standard defining the term, and opinions can differ about the degree to which a particular operating system or application is Unix-like. Some well-known examples of Unix-like operating systems include Linux and BSD. These systems are often used on servers, as well as on personal computers and other devices. Many popular applications, such as the Apache web server and the Bash shell, are also designed to be used on Unix-like systems. One of the key features of Unix-like systems is their ability to support multiple users and processes simultaneously. This allows users to run multipl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Symbolic Link
In computing, a symbolic link (also symlink or soft link) is a file whose purpose is to point to a file or directory (called the "target") by specifying a path thereto. Symbolic links are supported by POSIX and by most Unix-like operating systems, such as FreeBSD, Linux, and macOS. Limited support also exists in Windows 7 and Windows Vista, and to some degree in Windows 2000 and Windows XP in the form of shortcut files. CTSS on IBM 7090 had files linked by name in 1963. By 1978 minicomputer operating systems from DEC, and in Data General's RDOS included symbolic links. Overview A symbolic link contains a text string that is automatically interpreted and followed by the operating system as a path to another file or directory. This other file or directory is called the "target". The symbolic link is a second file that exists independently of its target. If a symbolic link is deleted, its target remains unaffected. If a symbolic link points to a target, and sometime later that ta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mtab
The mtab (contraction of '' mounted file systems table'') file is a system information file, commonly found on Unix-like systems. Overview This file lists all currently mounted filesystems along with their initialization options. mtab has a lot in common with fstab, the distinction being that the latter is a configuration file listing which available filesystems should be mounted on which mount points at boot time, whereas the former lists currently mounted ones, which can include manually mounted ones not listed in fstab. Therefore, mtab is usually in a format similar to that of fstab. Most of the time it is possible to directly use lines from mtab in fstab. The file commonly resides in /etc/mtab. In some systems it is a symlink to /proc/mounts. Example Sample mtab contents: /dev/sdb1 / ext3 rw,relatime,errors=remount-ro 0 0 proc /proc proc rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev 0 0 /sys /sys sysfs rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev 0 0 varrun /var/run tmpfs rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev,mode=0755 0 0 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Root Directory
In a computer file system, and primarily used in the Unix and Unix-like operating systems, the root directory is the first or top-most directory in a hierarchy. It can be likened to the trunk of a tree, as the starting point where all branches originate from. The root file system is the file system contained on the same disk partition on which the root directory is located; it is the filesystem on top of which all other file systems are mounted as the system boots up. Unix-like systems Unix abstracts the nature of this tree hierarchy entirely and in Unix and Unix-like systems the root directory is denoted by the / (slash) sign. Though the root directory is conventionally referred to as /, the directory entry itself has no name its path is the "empty" part before the initial directory separator character (/). All file system entries, including mounted file systems are "branches" of this root. chroot In UNIX-like operating systems, each process has its own idea of what the root ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Man Page
A man page (short for manual page) is a form of software documentation usually found on a Unix or Unix-like operating system. Topics covered include computer programs (including library and system calls), formal standards and conventions, and even abstract concepts. A user may invoke a man page by issuing the man command. By default, man typically uses a terminal pager program such as more or less to display its output. Man pages are often referred to as an ''on-line'' or ''online'' form of software documentation, * even though the man command does not require internet access, dating back to the times when printed ''out-of-band'' manuals were the norm. History In the first two years of the history of Unix, no documentation existed. The Unix Programmer's Manual' was first published on November 3, 1971. The first actual man pages were written by Dennis Ritchie and Ken Thompson at the insistence of their manager Doug McIlroy in 1971. Aside from the man pages, the ''Programmer' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
GConf
GConf was a system used by the GNOME desktop environment for storing configuration settings for the desktop and applications. It is similar to the Windows Registry. It was deprecated as part of the GNOME 3 transition. Migration to its replacement, GSettings and dconf, is ongoing. Changes to this system are controlled by GConfd, a daemon. GConfd watches out for changes to the database, and when they are changed, it applies the new settings to applications using it. This technology is known as "auto-apply", compared to "explicit-apply", which requires users to press an OK or Apply button to make changes come into effect. The term "instant-apply" is sometimes used, compared to plain "apply". The GConf database by default uses a system of directories and XML files, stored in a directory called ~/.gconf. GConf can also use other backends, such as a database server, but XML file storage is the most common configuration. The application gconf-editor is provided to allow users to cha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
GNOME-VFS
GnomeVFS (short for GNOME Virtual File System) was an abstraction layer of the GNOME platform for the reading, writing and execution of files. Before GNOME 2.22 GnomeVFS was primarily used by the appropriate versions of Nautilus file manager (renamed to GNOME Files) and other GNOME applications. A cause of confusion is the fact that the file system abstraction used by the Linux kernel is also called the virtual file system (VFS) layer. This is however at a lower level. Due to perceived shortcomings of GnomeVFS a replacement called GVfs was developed. GVfs is based on GIO and allows partitions to be mounted through FUSE. With the release of GNOME 2.22 in April 2008, GnomeVFS was declared deprecated in favor of GVfs GVfs (abbreviation for GNOME virtual file system) is GNOME's userspace virtual filesystem designed to work with the I/O abstraction of GIO, a library available in GLib since version 2.15.1. It installs several modules that are automatically use ... and GIO, requ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
HAL (software)
HAL (Hardware Abstraction Layer or rather Hardware Annotation Library) is a software subsystem for UNIX-like operating systems providing hardware abstraction. HAL is now deprecated on most Linux distributions and on FreeBSD. Functionality is being merged into udev on Linux as of 2008–2010 and devd on FreeBSD. Previously, HAL was built on top of udev. Some other OS-es which don't have an alternative like udev or devd still use HAL. The purpose of the hardware abstraction layer was to allow desktop applications to discover and use the hardware of the host system through a simple, portable and abstract API, regardless of the type of the underlying hardware. HAL for Linux OS was originally envisioned by Havoc Pennington. It became a freedesktop.org project, and was a key part of the software stack of the GNOME and KDE desktop environments. It is free software, dual-licensed under both the GNU General Public License and the Academic Free License. HAL is unrelated to the conc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
