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Trylinka
(; , also known as ( uk, шашка Трилінського, lit=Tryliński's paving block), is a concrete block in the shape of a regular hexagon or occasionally a tetragon, with stone fragments embedded in its upper layer. Different stone varieties, which include basalt and porphyry, are used for the embedments depending on the local availability of the stones. Inexpensive, durable and relatively simple to build, were mass-produced and used on a large scale in the construction of roads in interwar Poland, covering an estimated of surface area between 1933 and 1938. Some of those roads are in present-day Belarus and Ukraine. ''Trylinka'' was named after its inventor, Władysław Tryliński, a transportation engineer recognised for the engineering design of the Maurzyce Bridge, a credit he shared with construction engineer Stefan Bryła. Whilst Tryliński was overseeing construction aggregate and paving slab productions at the , he noticed that the production processes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trylinka Design
(; , also known as ( uk, шашка Трилінського, lit=Tryliński's paving block), is a concrete block in the shape of a regular hexagon or occasionally a tetragon, with stone fragments embedded in its upper layer. Different stone varieties, which include basalt and porphyry, are used for the embedments depending on the local availability of the stones. Inexpensive, durable and relatively simple to build, were mass-produced and used on a large scale in the construction of roads in interwar Poland, covering an estimated of surface area between 1933 and 1938. Some of those roads are in present-day Belarus and Ukraine. ''Trylinka'' was named after its inventor, Władysław Tryliński, a transportation engineer recognised for the engineering design of the Maurzyce Bridge, a credit he shared with construction engineer Stefan Bryła. Whilst Tryliński was overseeing construction aggregate and paving slab productions at the , he noticed that the production processes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Władysław Tryliński
Władysław Tryliński (20 June 1878 – 6 February 1956) was a Polish transportation engineer and inventor. He is best known for the creation of ''trylinka'', the hexagonal concrete block used for pavements and to strengthen embankments, and the design of the Maurzyce Bridge, the world's first welded road bridge. Early life and education Tryliński was born in Telšiai, then part of the Russian Empire's Kovno Governorate, to Antoni Tryliński, a military officer from a Pułtusk family, and Agnieszka (). After graduating from the in Warsaw in 1896, he studied for a year at the physics and mathematics department of Saint Petersburg University, and in 1902 graduated from the Tsar Alexander I Institute of Transportation Engineers (present-day St. Petersburg State Transport University) in Saint Petersburg. Career After the graduation, Tryliński worked in Yekaterinburg in the design team of the Black Sea Railway. In 1904, he began to work in the Vilnius District of Communica ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hexagonal Tiling
In geometry, the hexagonal tiling or hexagonal tessellation is a regular tiling of the Euclidean plane, in which exactly three hexagons meet at each vertex. It has Schläfli symbol of or (as a truncated triangular tiling). English mathematician John Conway called it a hextille. The internal angle of the hexagon is 120 degrees, so three hexagons at a point make a full 360 degrees. It is one of three regular tilings of the plane. The other two are the triangular tiling and the square tiling. Applications The hexagonal tiling is the densest way to arrange circles in two dimensions. The honeycomb conjecture states that the hexagonal tiling is the best way to divide a surface into regions of equal area with the least total perimeter. The optimal three-dimensional structure for making honeycomb (or rather, soap bubbles) was investigated by Lord Kelvin, who believed that the Kelvin structure (or body-centered cubic lattice) is optimal. However, the less regular Weaire–Phel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pavements
Pavement may refer to: * Pavement (architecture), an outdoor floor or superficial surface covering * Road surface, the durable surfacing of roads and walkways ** Asphalt concrete, a common form of road surface * Sidewalk or pavement, a walkway along the side of a road * Cool pavement, is pavement that delivers higher solar reflectance than conventional dark pavement. * Pavement (York), a street in York, in England Geology * Limestone pavement, a naturally occurring landform that resembles an artificial pavement * Desert pavement, a desert ground surface covered with closely packed rock fragments of pebble and cobble size * Tessellated pavement, a rare sedimentary rock formation that occurs on some ocean shores * Glacial striation or glacial pavement, a rock surface scoured and polished by glacial action Arts and entertainment * Pavement (band), an indie rock band from Stockton, California, US * ''Pavement'' (magazine), a youth culture magazine * "Pavement" (''Space Ghost Coast ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lesser Poland Voivodeship
Lesser Poland Voivodeship or Lesser Poland Province (in pl, województwo małopolskie ), also known as Małopolska, is a voivodeship (province), in southern Poland. It has an area of , and a population of 3,404,863 (2019). It was created on 1 January 1999 out of the former Kraków, Tarnów, Nowy Sącz and parts of Bielsko-Biała, Katowice, Kielce and Krosno Voivodeships, pursuant to the Polish local government reforms adopted in 1998. The province's name recalls the traditional name of a historic Polish region, Lesser Poland, or in Polish: Małopolska. Current Lesser Poland Voivodeship, however, covers only a small part of the broader ancient Małopolska region which, together with Greater Poland (''Wielkopolska'') and Silesia (''Śląsk''), formed the early medieval Polish state. Historic Lesser Poland is much larger than the current province. It stretches far north, to Radom, and Siedlce, also including such cities, as Stalowa Wola, Lublin, Kielce, Częstochowa, and Sosnowie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Krzeszowice
Krzeszowice (german: 1941-45 Kressendorf) is a town in southern Poland, situated in the Lesser Poland Voivodeship. As of 2004, its population was 9,993. Krzeszowice belongs to ''Kraków Metropolitan Area'', and lies 25 kilometers west of the center of the city of Kraków. The town has a rail station, on a major route from Kraków to Katowice, and lies along National Road Nr. 79, which goes from Warsaw to Bytom. In 1928–1966 the town had the status of a spa. Krzeszowice has a sports club called ''Świt'', founded in 1923. Krzeszowice is located in southern part of the Kraków-Częstochowa Upland, with numerous caves and valleys in the area. In 1981, when the ''Complex of Jura Landscape Parks'' was created, three parks from the gmina of Krzeszowice were added to it (''Rudnia Landscape Park, Tenczynek Landscape Park'' and ''Kraków Valleys Landscape Park''). In 2008, it was selected with 19 villages of Europe - Germany, Poland, Italy and Spain - for the Spanish documentary film ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kraków
Kraków (), or Cracow, is the second-largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland. Situated on the Vistula River in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, the city dates back to the seventh century. Kraków was the official capital of Poland until 1596 and has traditionally been one of the leading centres of Polish academic, economic, cultural and artistic life. Cited as one of Europe's most beautiful cities, its Old Town with Wawel Royal Castle was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1978, one of the first 12 sites granted the status. The city has grown from a Stone Age settlement to Poland's second-most-important city. It began as a hamlet on Wawel Hill and was reported by Ibrahim Ibn Yakoub, a merchant from Cordoba, as a busy trading centre of Central Europe in 985. With the establishment of new universities and cultural venues at the emergence of the Second Polish Republic in 1918 and throughout the 20th century, Kraków reaffirmed its role as a major national academic and a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pinsk
Pinsk ( be, Пі́нск; russian: Пи́нск ; Polish: Pińsk; ) is a city located in the Brest Region of Belarus, in the Polesia region, at the confluence of the Pina River and the Pripyat River. The region was known as the Marsh of Pinsk and is southwest of Minsk. The population is 138,415. The historic city has a restored city centre, with two-storey buildings from the 19th and early 20th centuries. The centre has become an active place for youths of all ages with summer theme parks and a new association football stadium, which houses the city's football club, FC Volna Pinsk. History Timeline up to WWI *In the 9th and 10th centuries, the town of Pinsk was majority Lithuanian *1097 – the first mention of Pinsk * 1241 – transfer of the Orthodox diocese from Turov * 1316 – after this date, Pinsk was incorporated into the Grand Duchy of Lithuania * 1396 – a Catholic church and a Franciscan monastery were erected * 1523 – Pinsk becomes a royal city, first owned by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Volhynia
Volhynia (also spelled Volynia) ( ; uk, Воли́нь, Volyn' pl, Wołyń, russian: Волы́нь, Volýnʹ, ), is a historic region in Central and Eastern Europe, between south-eastern Poland, south-western Belarus, and western Ukraine. The borders of the region are not clearly defined, but the territory that still carries the name is Volyn Oblast, in western Ukraine. Volhynia has changed hands numerous times throughout history and been divided among competing powers. For centuries it was part of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. After the Russian annexation, all of Volhynia was part of the Pale of Settlement designated by Imperial Russia on its south-western-most border. Important cities include Lutsk, Rivne, Volodymyr, Ostroh, Ustyluh, Iziaslav, Peresopnytsia, and Novohrad-Volynskyi (Zviahel). After the annexation of Volhynia by the Russian Empire as part of the Partitions of Poland, it also included the cities of Zhytomyr, Ovruch, Korosten. The city of Zviahel was r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mortar (masonry)
Mortar is a workable paste which hardens to bind building blocks such as stones, bricks, and concrete masonry units, to fill and seal the irregular gaps between them, spread the weight of them evenly, and sometimes to add decorative colors or patterns to masonry walls. In its broadest sense, mortar includes pitch, asphalt, and soft mud or clay, as those used between mud bricks, as well as cement mortar. The word "mortar" comes from Old French ''mortier'', "builder's mortar, plaster; bowl for mixing." (13c.). Cement mortar becomes hard when it cures, resulting in a rigid aggregate structure; however, the mortar functions as a weaker component than the building blocks and serves as the sacrificial element in the masonry, because mortar is easier and less expensive to repair than the building blocks. Bricklayers typically make mortars using a mixture of sand, a binder, and water. The most common binder since the early 20th century is Portland cement, but the ancient binder lim ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
General Directorate For National Roads And Highways
The General Directorate for National Roads and Motorways ( pl, Generalna Dyrekcja Dróg Krajowych i Autostrad, GDDKiA) is the central authority of national administration set up to manage the national roads and implementation of the state budget in Poland. The GDDKiA was established on 1 April 2002 by the Polish Ministry of Transportation. The directorate was formed by a consolidation of the: * ''General Directorate of Roads'' ( pl, Generalna Dyrekcja Dróg Publicznych, est. 23 March 1951) * ''Public Agency for Construction and the Operations of Motorways'' ( pl, Agencja Budowy i Eksploatacji Autostrad, est. 8 June 1995). The head of administration of the GDDKiA is the Director-General of National Roads and Motorways. The GDDKiA consists of 16 provincial branches and also the Regional Country Roads offices, which manage roads in their territories. In addition the Directorate-General of the History of Roads resides in Szczucin Szczucin is a town in Dąbrowa County, Lesser Poland ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
