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Trimethylolpropane
300 C--> Trimethylolpropane (TMP) is the organic compound with the formula CH3CH2C(CH2OH)3. This colourless to white solid with a faint odor is a triol. Containing three hydroxy functional groups, TMP is a widely used building block in the polymer industry. Production TMP is produced via a two step process, starting with the condensation of butanal with formaldehyde: :CH3CH2CH2CHO + 2 CH2O → CH3CH2C(CH2OH)2CHO The second step entails a Cannizaro reaction: :CH3CH2C(CH2OH)2CHO + CH2O + NaOH → CH3CH2C(CH2OH)3 + NaO2CH Approximately 200,000,000 kg are produced annually in this way.Peter Werle, Marcus Morawietz, Stefan Lundmark, Kent Sörensen, Esko Karvinen, Juha Lehtonen “Alcohols, Polyhydric” in Ullmann’s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2008. Applications TMP is mainly consumed as a precursor to alkyd resins. Otherwise, acrylated and alkoxylated TMP's are used as multifunctional monomers to produce various coatings, Ethoxylated a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trimethylolpropane Triacrylate
Trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA) is a trifunctional acrylate ester monomer derived from trimethylolpropane, used in the manufacture of plastics, adhesives, acrylic glue, anaerobic sealants, and ink. It is useful for its low volatility and fast cure response. It has the properties of weather, chemical and water resistance, as well as good abrasion resistance. End products include alkyd coatings, compact discs, hardwood floors, concrete polymers, Dental composites, photolithography, letterpress, screen printing, elastomers, automobile headlamps, acrylics and plastic components for the medical industry. Other uses As the molecule has acrylic functionality, it is capable of doing the Michael reaction with an amine. This allows its use in epoxy chemistry where its use speeds up the cure time considerably See also *Pentaerythritol tetraacrylate * 1,6-Hexanediol diacrylate References {{reflistTRIMETHYLOLPROPANE TRIACRYLATEat chemicalland21.comat OSHA OSHA or Osha may refer to: ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trimethylolpropane Ethoxylate
Trimethylolpropane ethoxylate (TPEG) is a trifunctional polyether compound derived from trimethylolpropane.Peter Werle, Marcus Morawietz, Stefan Lundmark, Kent Sörensen, Esko Karvinen, Juha Lehtonen “Alcohols, Polyhydric” in ''Ullmann’s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry'', Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2008. Production TPEG is produced by ethoxylation of trimethylolpropane. Applications TPEG is used in the production of polyurethane foams, elastomers An elastomer is a polymer with viscoelasticity (i.e. both viscosity and elasticity) and with weak intermolecular forces, generally low Young's modulus and high failure strain compared with other materials. The term, a portmanteau of ''elastic po ..., and sealants. References {{Reflist Polyethers Polymers ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alkyd
An alkyd is a polyester resin modified by the addition of fatty acids and other components. Alkyds are derived from polyols and organic acids including dicarboxylic acids or carboxylic acid anhydride and triglyceride oils. The term ''alkyd'' is a modification of the original name "alcid", reflecting the fact that they are derived from ''alc''ohol and organic ac''id''s. The inclusion of a fatty acid confers a tendency to form flexible coatings. Alkyds are used in paints, varnishes and in moulds for casting. They are the dominant resin or binder in most commercial oil-based coatings. Approximately 200,000 tons of alkyd resins are produced each year.. Published online: 15 January 2003. The original alkyds were compounds of glycerol and phthalic acid sold under the name Glyptal. These were sold as substitutes for the darker-colored copal resins, thus creating alkyd varnishes that were much paler in colour. From these, the alkyds that are known today were developed. Manufacture Alky ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trimethylolethane
Trimethylolethane (TME) is the organic compound with the formula CH3C(CH2OH)3. This colorless solid is a triol, as it contains three hydroxy functional groups. More specifically, it features three primary alcohol groups in a compact neopentyl structure. Its esters are known for their resistance to heat, light, hydrolysis, and oxidation. More important than TME and closely related is trimethylolpropane (TMP). Production Trimethylolethane is produced via a two step process, starting with the condensation reaction of propionaldehyde with formaldehyde: :CH3CH2CHO + 2 CH2O → CH3C(CH2OH)2CHO The second step entails a Cannizzaro reaction: :CH3C(CH2OH)2CHO + CH2O + NaOH → CH3C(CH2OH)3 + NaO2CH A few thousand tons are produced annually in this way.Peter Werle, Marcus Morawietz, Stefan Lundmark, Kent Sörensen, Esko Karvinen, Juha Lehtonen “Alcohols, Polyhydric” in Ullmann’s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2008. Applications TME is an intermed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Butanal
Butyraldehyde, also known as butanal, is an organic compound with the formula CH3(CH2)2CHO. This compound is the aldehyde derivative of butane. It is a colorless flammable liquid with an unpleasant smell. It is miscible with most organic solvents. Production Butyraldehyde is produced almost exclusively by the hydroformylation of propylene: : CH3CH=CH2 + H2 + CO → CH3CH2CH2CHO Traditionally, hydroformylation was catalyzed by cobalt carbonyl and later rhodium complexes of triphenylphosphine. The dominant technology involves the use of rhodium catalysts derived from the water-soluble ligand tppts. An aqueous solution of the rhodium catalyst converts the propylene to the aldehyde, which forms a lighter immiscible phase. About 6 billion kilograms are produced annually by hydroformylation. Butyraldehyde can be produced by the catalytic dehydrogenation of ''n''-butanol. At one time, it was produced industrially by the catalytic hydrogenation of crotonaldehyde, which is derived from a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polyurethane
Polyurethane (; often abbreviated PUR and PU) refers to a class of polymers composed of organic chemistry, organic units joined by carbamate (urethane) links. In contrast to other common polymers such as polyethylene and polystyrene, polyurethane is produced from a wide range of starting materials. This chemical variety produces polyurethanes with different chemical structures leading to many List of polyurethane applications, different applications. These include rigid and flexible foams, varnishes and coatings, adhesives, Potting (electronics), electrical potting compounds, and fibers such as spandex and Polyurethane laminate, PUL. Foams are the largest application accounting for 67% of all polyurethane produced in 2016. A polyurethane is typically produced by reacting an isocyanate with a polyol. Since a polyurethane contains two types of monomers, which polymerize one after the other, they are classed as Copolymer#Alternating copolymers, alternating copolymers. Both the isocy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neopentyl Glycol
Neopentyl glycol (IUPAC name: 2,2-dimethylpropane-1,3-diol) is an organic chemical compound. It is used in the synthesis of polyesters, paints, lubricants, and plasticizers. When used in the manufacture of polyesters, it enhances the stability of the product towards heat, light, and water. By esterification reaction with fatty or carboxylic acids, synthetic lubricating esters with reduced potential for oxidation or hydrolysis, compared to natural esters, can be produced. Reactions Neopentyl glycol is synthesized industrially by the aldol reaction of formaldehyde and isobutyraldehyde. This creates the intermediate hydroxypivaldehyde, which can be converted to neopentyl glycol by either a Cannizzaro reaction with excess formaldehyde, or by hydrogenation using palladium on carbon. It is used as a protecting group for ketones, for example in gestodene synthesis. A condensation reaction of neopentyl glycol with 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol gives CGP-7930. Organoboronic acid esters o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pentaerythritol
Pentaerythritol is an organic compound with the formula C(CH2OH)4. Classified as a polyol, it is a white solid. Pentaerythritol is a building block for the synthesis and production of explosives, plastics, paints, appliances, cosmetics, and many other commercial products. The word pentaerythritol is a blend of ''penta-'' in reference to its 5 carbon atoms and ''erythritol'', which also possesses 4 alcohol groups. Synthesis Pentaerythritol was first reported in 1891 by German chemist Bernhard Tollens and his student P. Wigand. It may be prepared via a base-catalyzed multiple-addition reaction between acetaldehyde and 3 equivalents of formaldehyde to give pentaerythrose (CAS: 3818-32-4), followed by a Cannizzaro reaction with a fourth equivalent of formaldehyde to give the final product. Uses Pentaerythritol is a versatile building block for the preparation of many compounds, particularly polyfunctionalized derivatives. applications include alkyd resins, varnishes, polyvinyl c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ciba Geigy
Novartis AG is a Swiss-American multinational pharmaceutical corporation based in Basel, Switzerland and Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States (global research).name="novartis.com">https://www.novartis.com/research-development/research-locations It is one of the largest pharmaceutical companies in the world. Novartis manufactures the drugs clozapine (Clozaril), diclofenac (Voltaren; sold to GlaxoSmithKline in 2015 deal), carbamazepine (Tegretol), valsartan (Diovan), imatinib mesylate (Gleevec/Glivec), cyclosporine (Neoral/Sandimmune), letrozole (Femara), methylphenidate (Ritalin; production ceased 2020), terbinafine (Lamisil), deferasirox (Exjade), and others. In March 1996, the companies Ciba-Geigy and Sandoz merged to form Novartis; the pharmaceutical and agrochemical divisions of both companies formed Novartis as an independent entity. Other Ciba-Geigy and Sandoz businesses were sold, or, like Ciba Specialty Chemicals, spun off as independent companies. The Sandoz brand ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Epichlorohydrin
Epichlorohydrin (abbreviated ECH) is an organochlorine compound and an epoxide. Despite its name, it is not a halohydrin. It is a colorless liquid with a pungent, garlic-like odor, moderately soluble in water, but miscible with most polar organic solvents. It is a chiral molecule generally existing as a racemic mixture of right-handed and left-handed enantiomers. Epichlorohydrin is a highly reactive electrophilic compound and is used in the production of glycerol, plastics, epoxy glues and resins, epoxy diluents and elastomers. Production Epichlorohydrin is traditionally manufactured from allyl chloride in two steps, beginning with the addition of hypochlorous acid, which affords a mixture of two isomeric alcohols: : In the second step, this mixture is treated with base to give the epoxide: : In this way, more than 800,000 tons (1997) of epichlorohydrin are produced annually. Glycerol routes Epichlorohydrin was first described in 1848 by Marcellin Berthelot. The comp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oxetane
Oxetane, or 1,3-propylene oxide, is a heterocyclic organic compound with the molecular formula , having a four-membered ring with three carbon atoms and one oxygen atom. The term "an oxetane" or "oxetanes" refer to any organic compound containing the oxetane ring. Production A typical well-known method of preparation is the reaction of potassium hydroxide with 3-chloropropyl acetate at 150 °C: : Yield of oxetane made this way is c. 40%, as the synthesis can lead to a variety of by-products. Another possible reaction to form an oxetane ring is the Paternò–Büchi reaction. The oxetane ring can also be formed through diol cyclization as well as through decarboxylation of a six-membered cyclic carbonate. Taxol Paclitaxel (Taxol) is an example of a natural product A natural product is a natural compound or substance produced by a living organism—that is, found in nature. In the broadest sense, natural products include any substance produced by life. Natural prod ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ion Exchange Resin
An ion-exchange resin or ion-exchange polymer is a resin or polymer that acts as a medium for ion exchange. It is an insoluble matrix (or support structure) normally in the form of small (0.25–1.43 mm radius) microbeads, usually white or yellowish, fabricated from an organic polymer substrate. The beads are typically porous, providing a large surface area on and inside them where the trapping of ions occurs along with the accompanying release of other ions, and thus the process is called ion exchange. There are multiple types of ion-exchange resin. Most commercial resins are made of polystyrene sulfonate.François Dardel and Thomas V. Arden "Ion Exchangers" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 2008, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. . Ion-exchange resins are widely used in different separation, purification, and decontamination processes. The most common examples are water softening and water purification. In many cases ion-exchange resins were introduced in such proces ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
