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Titanium(III) Iodide
Titanium(III) iodide is an inorganic compound with the formula TiI3. It is a dark violet solid that is insoluble in solvents, except upon decomposition. Preparation and structure Titanium(III) iodide can be prepared by reaction of titanium with iodine:F. Hein, S. Herzog "Molybdenum(III) Bromide" in Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry, 2nd Ed. Edited by G. Brauer, Academic Press, 1963, NY. Vol. 1. p. 1407. :\mathrm It can also be obtained by reduction of TiI4, e.g., with aluminium. In terms of its structure, the compound exists as a polymer of face-sharing octahedra. Above 323 K, the Ti---Ti spacing are equal, but below that temperature, the material undergoes a phase transition In chemistry, thermodynamics, and other related fields, a phase transition (or phase change) is the physical process of transition between one state of a medium and another. Commonly the term is used to refer to changes among the basic states o .... In the low temperature phase, the Ti-- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Titanium(III) Fluoride
Titanium(III) fluoride ( Ti F3) is an inorganic compound with the formula TiF3. It is a violet solid. It adopts a perovskite-like structure such that each Ti center has octahedral coordination geometry In chemistry, octahedral molecular geometry, also called square bipyramidal, describes the shape of compounds with six atoms or groups of atoms or ligands symmetrically arranged around a central atom, defining the vertices of an octahedron. The oc ... and each fluoride ligand is doubly bridging. References Fluorides Titanium(III) compounds Titanium halides {{inorganic-compound-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Titanium(III) Bromide
Titanium(III) bromide is the inorganic compound with the formula TiBr3. It is a blue black paramagnetic solid with a reddish reflection. It has few applications, although it is a catalyst for the polymerization of alkenes. Production and structure TiBr3 can be produced by heating the tetrabromide in an atmosphere of hydrogen: :2TiBr4 + H2 → 2TiBr3 + 2HBr It can also be produced by comproportionation of titanium metal and titanium tetrabromide Titanium tetrabromide is the chemical compound with the formula TiBr4. It is the most volatile transition metal bromide. The properties of TiBr4 are an average of TiCl4 and TiI4. Some key properties of these four-coordinated Ti(IV) species ar .... :Ti + 3TiBr4 → 4TiBr3 Two polymorphs of TiBr3 are known, each exhibiting octahedral Ti centers.Troyanov, S. I.; Rybakov, V. B.; Ionov, V. M. "Preparation and crystal structure of titanium tetrabromide, titanium tribromide and titanium(2+) tetrabromoaluminate(1-)" Zhurna ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Titanium(III) Chloride
Titanium(III) chloride is the inorganic compound with the formula TiCl3. At least four distinct species have this formula; additionally hydrated derivatives are known. TiCl3 is one of the most common halides of titanium and is an important catalyst for the manufacture of polyolefins. Structure and bonding In TiCl3, each titanium atom has one ''d'' electron, rendering its derivatives paramagnetic, that is, the substance is attracted into a magnetic field. Solutions of titanium(III) chloride are violet, which arises from excitations of its ''d''-electron. The colour is not very intense since the transition is forbidden by the Laporte selection rule. Four solid forms or polymorphs of TiCl3 are known. All feature titanium in an octahedral coordination sphere. These forms can be distinguished by crystallography as well as by their magnetic properties, which probes exchange interactions. β-TiCl3 crystallizes as brown needles. Its structure consists of chains of TiCl6 octahedra tha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zirconium(III) Iodide
Zirconium(III) iodide is an inorganic compound with the formula ZrI3. Preparation Like other group 4 trihalides, zirconium(III) iodide can be prepared from zirconium(IV) iodide by high-temperature reduction with zirconium metal, although incomplete reaction and contamination of the product with excess metal often occurs. :3 ZrI4 + Zr → 4 ZrI3 An alternative is to crystallise zirconium(III) iodide from a solution of zirconium(III) in aluminium triiodide. The solution is prepared by reducing a eutectic solution of ZrI4 in liquid AlI3 at a temperature of 280–300 °C with metallic zirconium or aluminium. Structure and bonding Zirconium(III) iodide has a lower magnetic moment than is expected for the d1 metal ion Zr3+, indicating non-negligible Zr–Zr bonding. The crystal structure of zirconium(III) iodide is based on hexagonal close packing of iodide ions with one third of the octahedral interstices An interstitial space or interstice is a space between structures or objec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hafnium(III) Iodide
Hafnium(III) iodide is an inorganic compound of hafnium and iodine with the formula Hf I3. It is a black solid. Preparation Like other group 4 trihalides, hafnium(III) iodide can be prepared from hafnium(IV) iodide by high-temperature reduction with hafnium metal, although incomplete reaction and contamination of the product with excess metal often occurs. :3 Hf I4 + Hf → 4 Hf I3 Other metals can be used as the reducing agent, for example aluminium. The product is often nonstoichiometric, with the compositions Hf I3.2–3.3 and Hf I3.0–3.5 reported. Structure and bonding Hafnium(III) iodide adopts the same crystal structure as zirconium(III) iodide Zirconium(III) iodide is an inorganic compound with the formula ZrI3. Preparation Like other group 4 trihalides, zirconium(III) iodide can be prepared from zirconium(IV) iodide by high-temperature reduction with zirconium metal, although incomple .... This is very similar to the Titanium(III) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Titanium(IV) Iodide
Titanium tetraiodide is an inorganic compound with the formula TiI4. It is a black volatile solid, first reported by Rudolph Weber in 1863. It is an intermediate in the van Arkel–de Boer process for the purification of titanium. Physical properties TiI4 is a rare molecular binary metal iodide, consisting of isolated molecules of tetrahedral Ti(IV) centers. The Ti-I distances are 261 pm. Reflecting its molecular character, TiI4 can be distilled without decomposition at one atmosphere; this property is the basis of its use in the van Arkel–de Boer process. The difference in melting point between TiCl4 (m.p. -24 °C) and TiI4 (m.p. 150 °C) is comparable to the difference between the melting points of CCl4 (m.p. -23 °C) and CI4 (m.p. 168 °C), reflecting the stronger intermolecular van der Waals bonding in the iodides. Two polymorphs of TiI4 exist, one of which is highly soluble in organic solvents. In the less soluble cubic form, the Ti-I distances are 261 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Inorganic Compound
In chemistry, an inorganic compound is typically a chemical compound that lacks carbon–hydrogen bonds, that is, a compound that is not an organic compound. The study of inorganic compounds is a subfield of chemistry known as '' inorganic chemistry''. Inorganic compounds comprise most of the Earth's crust, although the compositions of the deep mantle remain active areas of investigation. Some simple carbon compounds are often considered inorganic. Examples include the allotropes of carbon (graphite, diamond, buckminsterfullerene, etc.), carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, carbides, and the following salts of inorganic anions: carbonates, cyanides, cyanates, and thiocyanates. Many of these are normal parts of mostly organic systems, including organisms; describing a chemical as inorganic does not necessarily mean that it does not occur within living things. History Friedrich Wöhler's conversion of ammonium cyanate into urea in 1828 is often cited as the starting point of modern ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iodine
Iodine is a chemical element with the symbol I and atomic number 53. The heaviest of the stable halogens, it exists as a semi-lustrous, non-metallic solid at standard conditions that melts to form a deep violet liquid at , and boils to a violet gas at . The element was discovered by the French chemist Bernard Courtois in 1811 and was named two years later by Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac, after the Ancient Greek 'violet-coloured'. Iodine occurs in many oxidation states, including iodide (I−), iodate (), and the various periodate anions. It is the least abundant of the stable halogens, being the sixty-first most abundant element. As the heaviest essential mineral nutrient, iodine is required for the synthesis of thyroid hormones. Iodine deficiency affects about two billion people and is the leading preventable cause of intellectual disabilities. The dominant producers of iodine today are Chile and Japan. Due to its high atomic number and ease of attachment to organic compound ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aluminium
Aluminium (aluminum in American and Canadian English) is a chemical element with the symbol Al and atomic number 13. Aluminium has a density lower than those of other common metals, at approximately one third that of steel. It has a great affinity towards oxygen, and forms a protective layer of oxide on the surface when exposed to air. Aluminium visually resembles silver, both in its color and in its great ability to reflect light. It is soft, non-magnetic and ductile. It has one stable isotope, 27Al; this isotope is very common, making aluminium the twelfth most common element in the Universe. The radioactivity of 26Al is used in radiodating. Chemically, aluminium is a post-transition metal in the boron group; as is common for the group, aluminium forms compounds primarily in the +3 oxidation state. The aluminium cation Al3+ is small and highly charged; as such, it is polarizing, and bonds aluminium forms tend towards covalency. The strong affinity tow ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phase Transition
In chemistry, thermodynamics, and other related fields, a phase transition (or phase change) is the physical process of transition between one state of a medium and another. Commonly the term is used to refer to changes among the basic states of matter: solid, liquid, and gas, and in rare cases, plasma. A phase of a thermodynamic system and the states of matter have uniform physical properties. During a phase transition of a given medium, certain properties of the medium change as a result of the change of external conditions, such as temperature or pressure. This can be a discontinuous change; for example, a liquid may become gas upon heating to its boiling point, resulting in an abrupt change in volume. The identification of the external conditions at which a transformation occurs defines the phase transition point. Types of phase transition At the phase transition point for a substance, for instance the boiling point, the two phases involved - liquid and vapor, have identic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Molybdenum Tribromide
Molybdenum(III) bromide is the inorganic compound with the formula MoBr3. It is a black solid that is insoluble in most solvents but dissolves in donor solvents such as pyridine. Preparation Molybdenum(III) bromide is produced by the reaction of elemental molybdenum and bromine at .F. Hein, S. Herzog "Molybdenum(III) Bromide" in Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry, 2nd Ed. Edited by G. Brauer, Academic Press, 1963, NY. Vol. 1. p. 1407. :\mathrm It can also be prepared from the reduction of molybdenum(IV) bromide with molybdenum metal, hydrogen gas, or a hydrocarbon. It has a structure consisting of infinite chains of face-sharing octahedra with alternatingly short and long Mo-Mo contacts. The same structure is adopted by the tribromides of ruthenium and technetium.Dietrich Babel: ''Die Verfeinerung der MoBr3-Struktur (Refinement of the MoBr3-Structure)'' In: ''Journal of Solid State Chemistry.'' 1972, volume 4, S. 410–416, .Order-Disorder Transformation in RuBr3 an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Titanium(III) Compounds
Titanium is a chemical element with the Symbol (chemistry), symbol Ti and atomic number 22. Found in nature only as an oxide, it can be reduced to produce a lustrous transition metal with a silver color, low density, and high strength, resistant to corrosion in sea water, aqua regia, and chlorine. Titanium was discovered in Cornwall, Kingdom of Great Britain, Great Britain, by William Gregor in 1791 and was named by Martin Heinrich Klaproth after the Titan (mythology), Titans of Greek mythology. The element occurs within a number of minerals, principally rutile and ilmenite, which are widely distributed in the Earth's crust and lithosphere; it is found in almost all living things, as well as bodies of water, rocks, and soils. The metal is extracted from its principal mineral ores by the Kroll process, Kroll and Hunter process, Hunter processes. The most common compound, titanium dioxide, is a popular photocatalysis, photocatalyst and is used in the manufacture of white pigments ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
