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Time-driven Priority
Time-driven priority (TDP) is a synchronous packet scheduling technique that implements UTC-based pipeline forwarding and can be combined with conventional IP routing to achieve the higher flexibility than another pipeline forwarding implementation known as time-driven switching (TDS) or fractional lambda switching (FλS). Packets entering a switch from the same input port during the same ime frame(TF) can be sent out from different output ports, according to the rules that drive IP packet routing. Operation in accordance to pipeline forwarding principles ensures deterministic quality of service and low complexity packet scheduling. Specifically, packets scheduled for transmission during a TF are given maximum priority; if resources have been properly reserved, all scheduled packets will be at the output port and transmitted before their TF ends. Various aspects of the technology are covered bseveral patentsissued by both the United States Patent and Trademark Office and the Europ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Packet Scheduling
In computing, scheduling is the action of assigning ''resources'' to perform ''tasks''. The ''resources'' may be processors, network links or expansion cards. The ''tasks'' may be threads, processes or data flows. The scheduling activity is carried out by a process called scheduler. Schedulers are often designed so as to keep all computer resources busy (as in load balancing), allow multiple users to share system resources effectively, or to achieve a target quality-of-service. Scheduling is fundamental to computation itself, and an intrinsic part of the execution model of a computer system; the concept of scheduling makes it possible to have computer multitasking with a single central processing unit (CPU). Goals A scheduler may aim at one or more goals, for example: * maximizing ''throughput'' (the total amount of work completed per time unit); * minimizing '' wait time'' (time from work becoming ready until the first point it begins execution); * minimizing '' latency ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pipeline Forwarding
Pipeline forwarding (PF) applies to packet forwarding in computer networks the basic concept of '' pipelining'', which has been widely and successfully used in computing — specifically, in the architecture of all major central processing units (CPUs) — and manufacturing — specifically in assembly lines of various industries starting from automotive to many others. Pipelining is known to be optimal independent of the specific instantiation. In particular, PF is optimal from various points of view: # ''High efficiency in utilization of network resources'', which enables accommodating a larger amount of traffic on the network, thus lowering operation cost and being the foundation for accommodating the exponential growth of modern networks. # ''Low implementation complexity'', which enables the realization of larger and more powerful networking systems at low cost, thus offering further support to network growth. # ''High scalability'', which is an immediate consequence of the abo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Time-driven Switching
In Telecommunication and Computer networking, time-driven switching (TDS) is a node by node time variant implementation of Circuit switching, where the propagating datagram is shorter in space than the distance between source and destination. With TDS it is no longer necessary to own a complete circuit between source and destination, but only the fraction of circuit where the propagating datagram is temporarily located. TDS adds flexibility and capacity to Circuit Switched networks but requires precise synchronization among nodes and propagating datagrams. Datagrams are formatted according to schedules that depend on Quality of service and availability of switching nodes and physical links. Respect to Circuit switching the added time dimension introduces additional complexity to network management. Like Circuit switching, TDS operates without buffers and header processing according to the pipeline forwarding principle; therefore an all optical implementation with Optical fibers and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fractional Lambda Switching
Fractional lambda switching (FλS) leverages on time-driven switching (TDS) to realize sub-lambda switching in highly scalable dynamic optical networking, which requires minimum (possibly optical) buffers. Fractional lambda switching implies switching fractions of optical channels as opposed to whole lambda switching where whole optical channels are the switching unit. In this context, TDS has the same general objectives as optical burst switching and optical packet switching: realizing all-optical networks with high wavelength utilization. TDS operation is based on time frames (TFs) that can be viewed as virtual containers for multiple IP packets that are switched at every TDS switch based on and coordinated by the UTC (coordinated universal time) signal implementing pipeline forwarding. In the context of optical networks, synchronous virtual pipes SVPs typical of pipeline forwarding are called fractional lambda pipes (FλPs). In FλS, likewise in TDS, all packets in the same ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United States Patent And Trademark Office
The United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) is an agency in the U.S. Department of Commerce that serves as the national patent office and trademark registration authority for the United States. The USPTO's headquarters are in Alexandria, Virginia, after a 2005 move from the Crystal City area of neighboring Arlington, Virginia. The USPTO is "unique among federal agencies because it operates solely on fees collected by its users, and not on taxpayer dollars". Its "operating structure is like a business in that it receives requests for services—applications for patents and trademark registrations—and charges fees projected to cover the cost of performing the services tprovide . The Office is headed by the Under Secretary of Commerce for Intellectual Property and Director of the United States Patent and Trademark Office, a position last held by Andrei Iancu until he left office on January 20, 2021. Commissioner of Patents Drew Hirshfeld is performing the funct ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
European Patent Office
The European Patent Office (EPO) is one of the two organs of the European Patent Organisation (EPOrg), the other being the Administrative Council. The EPO acts as executive body for the organisationGower's Report on Intellectual Property , para 1.34 while the Administrative Council acts as its supervisory body as well as, to a limited extent, its legislative body. The actual legislative power to revise the lies with the Contracting States themselves when meeting at a Conference of the Contracting States. Within the European Patent Office, [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
