Thesinine

	Thesinine Thesinine is a pyrrolizidine alkaloid first isolated from '' Thesium minkwitzianum'' from which it derives its name. It is also found in the flowers and seeds of borage Borage ( or ; ''Borago officinalis''), also known as starflower, is an annual herb in the flowering plant family Boraginaceae. It is native to the Mediterranean region, and has naturalized in many other locales. It grows satisfactorily in gard .... References Pyrrolizidine alkaloids Cinnamate esters {{alkaloid-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Borage Borage ( or ; ''Borago officinalis''), also known as starflower, is an annual herb in the flowering plant family Boraginaceae. It is native to the Mediterranean region, and has naturalized in many other locales. It grows satisfactorily in gardens in most of Europe, such as Denmark, France, Germany, and the United Kingdom, remaining in the garden from year to year by self-seeding. The leaves are edible and the plant is grown in gardens for that purpose in some parts of Europe. The plant is also commercially cultivated for borage seed oil extracted from its seeds. The plant contains pyrrolizidine alkaloids, some of which are hepatotoxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic (see below under Phytochemistry). Description ''B. officinalis'' grows to a height of , and is bristly or hairy all over the stems and leaf, leaves; the leaves are Alternate leaf, alternate, Simple leaf, simple, and long. The flowers are Complete flower, complete, Perfect flower, perfect with five narrow, trian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Pyrrolizidine Alkaloid Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs), sometimes referred to as necine bases, are a group of naturally occurring alkaloids based on the structure of pyrrolizidine. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids are produced by plants as a defense mechanism against insect herbivores. More than 660 PAs and PA N-oxides have been identified in over 6,000 plants, and about half of them exhibit hepatotoxicity. They are found frequently in plants in the Boraginaceae, Asteraceae, Orchidaceae and Fabaceae families; less frequently in the Convolvulaceae and Poaceae, and in at least one species in the Lamiaceae. It has been estimated that 3% of the world’s flowering plants contain pyrrolizidine alkaloids. Honey can contain pyrrolizidine alkaloids, as can grains, milk, offal and eggs. To date (2011), there is no international regulation of PAs in food, unlike those for herbs and medicines. Unsaturated pyrrolizidine alkaloids are hepatotoxic, that is, damaging to the liver. PAs also cause hepatic veno-occlusive disea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Thesium Minkwitzianum ''Thesium'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Santalaceae. It is particularly well represented in South Africa. The following species are recognised by ''The Plant List'': '' Thesium acuminatum'' A.W. Hill ''Thesium acutissimum'' A. DC. '' Thesium aellenianum'' Lawalrée '' Thesium affine'' Schltr. ''Thesium aggregatum'' A.W. Hill '' Thesium alatum'' Hilliard & B.L. Burtt '' Thesium albomontanum'' Compton ''Thesium alpinum'' L. '' Thesium amicorum'' Lawalrée ''Thesium andongense'' Hiern '' Thesium angolense'' Pilg. ''Thesium angulosum'' DC. '' Thesium annulatum'' A.W. Hill '' Thesium annuum'' Lawalrée '' Thesium aphyllum'' Mart. ''ex'' A. DC. ''Thesium archeri'' Compton ''Thesium arvense'' Horv. ''Thesium asperifolium'' A.W. Hill ''Thesium asterias'' A.W. Hill ''Thesium atrum'' A.W.Hill ''Thesium auriculatum'' Vandas ''Thesium australe'' R. Br. ''Thesium bangweolense'' R.E. Fr. ''Thesium bathyschistum'' Schltr. ''Thesium bavarum'' Schrank '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs), sometimes referred to as necine bases, are a group of naturally occurring alkaloids based on the structure of pyrrolizidine. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids are produced by plants as a defense mechanism against insect herbivores. More than 660 PAs and PA N-oxides have been identified in over 6,000 plants, and about half of them exhibit hepatotoxicity. They are found frequently in plants in the Boraginaceae, Asteraceae, Orchidaceae and Fabaceae families; less frequently in the Convolvulaceae and Poaceae, and in at least one species in the Lamiaceae. It has been estimated that 3% of the world’s flowering plants contain pyrrolizidine alkaloids. Honey can contain pyrrolizidine alkaloids, as can grains, milk, offal and eggs. To date (2011), there is no international regulation of PAs in food, unlike those for herbs and medicines. Unsaturated pyrrolizidine alkaloids are hepatotoxic, that is, damaging to the liver. PAs also cause hepatic veno-occlusive disea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]