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Theraphosinae
The Theraphosinae are a large subfamily of Mygalomorphae spiders in the family Theraphosidae found in the Neotropical realm. Genera The subfamily Theraphosinae includes these genera: * '' Acanthoscurria'' * '' Aenigmarachne'' * ''Aphonopelma'' * '' Bonnetina'' * ''Brachypelma'' * '' Bumba'' (formerly ''Maraca'') * '' Chromatopelma'' * '' Citharacanthus'' * ''Clavopelma'' * '' Crassicrus'' * '' Cyclosternum'' * '' Cyriocosmus'' * '' Cyrtopholis'' * '' Euathlus'' * '' Eupalaestrus'' * ''Grammostola'' * '' Hapalopus'' * ''Hapalotremus'' * '' Hemirrhagus'' * '' Homoeomma'' * '' Lasiodora'' * '' Lasiodorides'' * '' Magulla'' * '' Megaphobema'' * '' Melloleitaoina'' * ''Metriopelma'' * ''Munduruku'' * '' Neostenotarsus'' * '' Nesipelma'' * ''Nhandu'' * ''Ozopactus'' * '' Pamphobeteus'' * '' Paraphysa'' * '' Phormictopus'' * ''Plesiopelma'' * ''Proshapalopus'' * '' Pseudhapalopus'' * '' Reversopelma'' * ''Schizopelma'' * ''Sericopelma'' * ''Sphaerobothria'' * '' Stichoplastoris'' * '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Theraphosidae
Tarantulas comprise a group of large and often hairy spiders of the family Theraphosidae. , 1,040 species have been identified, with 156 genera. The term "tarantula" is usually used to describe members of the family Theraphosidae, although many other members of the same infraorder (Mygalomorphae) are commonly referred to as "tarantulas" or "false tarantulas". Some of the more common species have become popular in the exotic pet trade. Many New World species kept as pets have setae known as urticating hairs that can cause irritation to the skin, and in extreme cases, cause damage to the eyes. Overview Like all arthropods, the tarantula is an invertebrate that relies on an exoskeleton for muscular support.Pomeroy, R. (2014, February 4). Pub. Real Clear Science, "Spiders, and Their Amazing Hydraulic Legs and Genitalia". Retrieved October 13, 2019, from https://www.realclearscience.com/blog/2013/02/spiders-their-amazing-hydraulic-legs-and-genitals.html. Like other Arachnida, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hemirrhagus
''Hemirrhagus'' is a genus of Mexican tarantulas that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1903. It is considered a senior synonym of ''Spelopelma''. Species of the genus ''Hemirrhagus'' are 5 to 12 cm long, usually black in colour, the urticating hairs on the opisthosoma are arranged in one dorsomedian patch, two dorsal paramedian patches, or two lateral patches. It is unique amongst the theraphosine genera because of the retrolateral coxal heels, the shape of the male palpal bulb, and the urticating hairs on the abdomen are reduced or completely missing. It is the only genus with epigean, troglophile and troglobitic species. Distribution Hemirrhagus tarantulas are all found in Mexico all of them are largely distributed from Tamaulipas in the north to Chiapas in the south, primarily in the mountainous regions of Sierra Madre Oriental, Eje Volcánico Transversal, Sierra Norte de Oaxaca, and Sierra Madre Sur. All of this tarantulas are found in individual caves, so ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brachypelma
''Brachypelma'' is a genus of spiders in the family Theraphosidae (tarantulas). They may have bodies up to long with legs of similar or greater lengths. Some species have brightly colored legs, with red or orange marks and rings. The taxonomy of the genus and its species has been the subject of considerable debate. In 2020, the genus was split, with a group of species (the "red rump" tarantulas) being moved to a new genus, '' Tliltocatl''. As now circumscribed, the genus ''Brachypelma'' is found only in Mexico. Many species of both genera are popular with tarantula keepers as pets; the females in particular are long lived. All species are protected, and trade is regulated under CITES. Although they are bred in captivity, they continue to be exported in large numbers. Members of the reduced genus ''Brachypelma'' (the "red leg" group) are considered to be in most urgent need of further conservation efforts. Description Members of the family Theraphosidae, the tarantulas, to whic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bumba (spider)
''Bumba'' is a genus of tarantula native to the Americas. It is an uncommon genus, comprising eight known species, including one named after John Lennon. Like most related species in the subfamily Theraphosinae, they may flick urticating hairs in response to threats. Diagnosis They can be distinguished by the type 5 urticating hairs, and the palpal bulb resting in a "ventral distal excavation" of the pedipalp's tibia. The metatarsus number 1 passes between two branches of the tibial apophysis when flexed and the presence of spine like hairs on the maxillae and coxae 1 through 4. Taxonomy The genus was first described in 2000 by Fernando Pérez-Miles under the name ''Iracema''; however this name was already in use for a genus of freshwater fish, so in 2005, Pérez-Miles proposed the replacement name ''Maraca''. However, this too was already in use (for a species of cockroach) and in 2014 the replacement name ''Bumba'' was put forward by Pérez-Miles, Bonaldo & Miglio. Etymo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Euathlus
''Euathlus'' is a genus of South American tarantulas that was first described by Anton Ausserer in 1875. These spiders are medium sized and are usually found in high elevations in the Andes. It is a senior synonym of ''Paraphysa'', and was formerly considered a senior synonym of '' Brachypelma'', but this was later rejected. Diagnosis Males own a palpal bulb with two prolateral keels, with the tip curved retrolaterally. The tibial apophyses has retrolateral spines and a spine on the retrolateral branch which almost reached the apex. And a urticating patch in the center of the opisthosoma, which own mainly type 3 and 4 urticating hairs. Females also can be distinguished by two 4 sided spermathecal receptacles, with sphere like chambers. Species it contains fourteen species, found in Argentina, Chile and Peru: *'' Euathlus affinis'' (Nicolet, 1849) – Chile *'' Euathlus antai'' Perafán & Pérez-Miles, 2014 – Chile *'' Euathlus atacama'' Perafán & Pérez-Miles, 2014 â ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cyclosternum
''Cyclosternum'' is a genus of tarantulas that was first described by Anton Ausserer in 1871. Species it contains twelve species, found in South America, Costa Rica, and Mexico: *'' Cyclosternum darienense'' Gabriel & Sherwood, 2022 = Panama *'' Cyclosternum familiare'' (Simon, 1889) – Venezuela *'' Cyclosternum garbei'' ( Mello-Leitão, 1923) – Brazil *'' Cyclosternum gaujoni'' Simon, 1889 – Ecuador *'' Cyclosternum janthinum'' (Simon, 1889) – Ecuador *'' Cyclosternum kochi'' (Ausserer, 1871) – Venezuela *'' Cyclosternum ledezmae'' (Vol, 2001) – Bolivia *'' Cyclosternum palomeranum'' West, 2000 – Mexico *'' Cyclosternum rufohirtum'' (Simon, 1889) – Venezuela *'' Cyclosternum schmardae'' Ausserer, 1871 ( type) – Colombia, Ecuador *'' Cyclosternum spinopalpus'' (Schaefer, 1996) – Paraguay *'' Cyclosternum viridimonte'' Valerio, 1982 – Costa Rica Nomen dubium * ''Cyclosternum pulcherrimaklaasi'' (Schmidt, 1991) - Ecuador Transferred to other genera * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cyriocosmus
''Cyriocosmus'' is a genus of tarantulas that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1903. They are small to medium spiders, with a bicolored or one same color carapace. Diagnosis It differs from all other tarantulas by the paraembolic apophysis in the palpal bulbs of males, and a spermatheca with two spiral receptacles, which usually end in a caliciform or globular extension. Except for C. nogueiranetoi, which owns a S shape extension. All the species also own type 3 urticating hairs. Species it contains twenty-three species, found in South America, on Tobago, and Trinidad: *'' Cyriocosmus aueri'' Kaderka, 2016 – Peru *'' Cyriocosmus bertae'' Pérez-Miles, 1998 – Brazil *'' Cyriocosmus bicolor'' (Schiapelli & Gerschman, 1945) – Brazil *'' Cyriocosmus blenginii'' Pérez-Miles, 1998 – Bolivia *''Cyriocosmus elegans'' (Simon, 1889) – Venezuela, Trinidad and Tobago *'' Cyriocosmus fasciatus'' ( Mello-Leitão, 1930) – Brazil *'' Cyriocosmus fernandoi'' Fukushi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grammostola
''Grammostola'' is a genus of South American Theraphosidae, tarantulas that was first described in text by Eugène Simon, Eugène Louis Simon in 1892. These medium- to large-sized spiders are native to tropical South America, and are usually brown in color, with pinkish or orangish-red hairs. The very docile Chilean rose tarantulas (''Grammostola rosea'' and ''Grammostola porteri'') are popular as a beginner's spider among tarantula enthusiasts.Muller-Esnault, Susan, DVM. "Rose Hair Tarantulas or Chilean Rose Hair" (2008). http://www.critterology.com/rose_hair_tarantulas_or_chilean_rose_hair-192.html ''Grammostola'' as a pet The Chilean rose tarantula (''Grammostola rosea'') is a common pet, as its behavior is generally docile and its venom is very mild. It needs to be kept dry and dislikes being wet (its natural habitat is one of the driest deserts on earth). If the substrate is too wet, it will stand "on tiptoes" in discomfort, or climb the sides of its enclosure, risking fall a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hapalopus
''Hapalopus'' is a genus of tarantulas that was first described by Anton Ausserer in 1875. Diagnosis They own a ring like keel on the palpal bulb, the tibial apophysis with convergent branches and a spermatheca having a membrane like base. They also lack stridulatory hairs and they own numerous labial cuspules. Species it contains nine species, found in South America and Panama: *'' Hapalopus aymara'' Perdomo, Panzera & Pérez-Miles, 2009 – Bolivia, Brazil *'' Hapalopus butantan'' (Pérez-Miles, 1998) – Brazil *'' Hapalopus coloratus'' (Valerio, 1982) – Panama *'' Hapalopus formosus'' Ausserer, 1875 ( type) – Colombia *'' Hapalopus gasci'' (Maréchal, 1996) – French Guiana *'' Hapalopus lesleyae'' Gabriel, 2011 – Guyana *'' Hapalopus nigriventris'' ( Mello-Leitão, 1939) – Venezuela *'' Hapalopus serrapelada'' Fonseca-Ferreira, Zampaulo & Guadanucci, 2017 – Brazil *'' Hapalopus triseriatus'' Caporiacco, 1955 – Venezuela *'' Hapalopus variegatus'' (Cap ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hapalotremus
''Hapalotremus'' is a genus of South American tarantulas in the Theraphosinae subfamily that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1903. They have red or white Type III urticating (relatively long, thin) hairs, up to , with a fine point and barbs along at least half of the lower part. The tibial apophysis is branched twice (in males only), and there is a conspicuous subapical keel on the male's embolus. Species it contains fourteen species, found in Argentina, Peru, and Bolivia: *''Hapalotremus albipes'' Simon, 1903 ( type) – Bolivia *''Hapalotremus apasanka'' Sherwood, Ferretti, Gabriel & West, 2021 – Peru *''Hapalotremus carabaya'' Ferretti, Cavalllo, Chaparro, RÃos-Tamayo, Seimon & West, 2018 – Peru *''Hapalotremus chasqui'' Ferretti, Cavalllo, Chaparro, RÃos-Tamayo, Seimon & West, 2018 – Argentina *''Hapalotremus chespiritoi'' Ferretti, Cavalllo, Chaparro, RÃos-Tamayo, Seimon & West, 2018 – Peru *''Hapalotremus hananqheswa'' Sherwood, Ferretti, Gabriel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Homoeomma
''Homoeomma'' is a genus of South American tarantulas that was first described by Anton Ausserer in 1871. It is considered a senior synonym of ''Calopelma'', ''Butantania'', and of ''Cyclothoracoides''. These tarantulas are usually quite small and usually burrow a few centimeters under a rock or log. Diagnosis Males of this genus can be distinguished by the tile-like apophysis on the base of the palpal bulb, and the embolus being in an obtuse angle, in relation to the bulb. Males also have a flexion of the metatarsus 1, which is between the branches of the tibial apophysis. Females can be distinguished by the spermatheca morphology, which lacks constriction in the apex. Species it contains thirteen species, found in South America: *'' Homoeomma brasilianum'' (Chamberlin, 1917) – Brazil *''Homoeomma chilense'' Montenegro & Aguilera, 2018 – Chile *'' Homoeomma elegans'' (Gerschman & Schiapelli, 1958) – Argentina *'' Homoeomma familiare'' Bertkau, 1880 – Brazil *'' Homo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bonnetina
''Bonnetina'' is a genus of Mexican tarantulas that was first described by F. Vol in 2000. Morphology Before the era of genetics and molecular phylogeny, tarantulas were classified based on the presence or absence of physical traits and characteristics. However, tarantulas happen to be excessively homoplastic, meaning the same seemingly unique characteristics have evolved separately rather than from a common ancestor, leading to many misplacements and misidentifications, and this genus is no different. In 2018, a molecular study and phylogenetic analysis by Ortiz, Francke, and Bond aimed to create a timeline in the evolution of ''Bonnetina'' and to address possible monophyly in the genus. They sampled DNA from select taxa, sequencing five nuclear markers and one mitochondrial marker, concluding that ''Bonnetina'' was composed of unrelated species that simply shared physical attributes, with the exception of '' B. juxtantricola''. Only the sexual features were observed not to b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
