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Tanka
is a genre of classical Japanese poetry and one of the major genres of Japanese literature. Etymology Originally, in the time of the ''Man'yōshū'' (latter half of the eighth century AD), the term ''tanka'' was used to distinguish "short poems" from the longer . In the ninth and tenth centuries, however, notably with the compilation of the '' Kokinshū'', the short poem became the dominant form of poetry in Japan, and the originally general word ''waka'' became the standard name for this form. Japanese poet and critic Masaoka Shiki revived the term ''tanka'' in the early twentieth century for his statement that ''waka should be renewed and modernized''. ''Haiku'' is also a term of his invention, used for his revision of standalone hokku, with the same idea. Form Tanka consist of five units (often treated as separate lines when romanized or translated) usually with the following pattern of '' on'' (often treated as, roughly, the number of syllables per unit or line): :5-7-5-7- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Waka (poetry)
is a type of poetry in classical Japanese literature. Although ''waka'' in modern Japanese is written as , in the past it was also written as (see Wa, an old name for Japan), and a variant name is . Etymology The word ''waka'' has two different but related meanings: the original meaning was "poetry in Japanese" and encompassed several genres such as ''chōka'' and ''sedōka'' (discussed below); the later, more common definition refers to poetry in a 5-7-5-7-7 metre. Up to and during the compilation of the ''Man'yōshū'' in the eighth century, the word ''waka'' was a general term for poetry composed in Japanese, and included several genres such as , , and . However, by the time of the '' Kokinshūs compilation at the beginning of the tenth century, all of these forms except for the ''tanka'' and ''chōka'' had effectively gone extinct, and ''chōka'' had significantly diminished in prominence. As a result, the word ''waka'' became effectively synonymous with ''tanka'', and t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Masaoka Shiki
, pen-name of Masaoka Noboru (正岡 升), was a Japanese poet, author, and literary critic in Meiji period Japan. Shiki is regarded as a major figure in the development of modern haiku poetry, credited with writing nearly 20,000 stanzas during his short life. He also wrote on reform of ''tanka'' poetry. Some consider Shiki to be one of the four great haiku masters, the others being Matsuo Bashō, Yosa Buson, and Kobayashi Issa. Early life Shiki, or rather Tsunenori (常規) as he was originally named, was born in Matsuyama City in Iyo Province (present day Ehime Prefecture) to a samurai class family of modest means. As a child, he was called Tokoronosuke (處之助); in adolescence, his name was changed to Noboru (升). His father, Tsunenao (正岡常尚), was an alcoholic who died when Shiki was five years of age. His mother, Yae, Beichman, p. 27 was a daughter of Ōhara Kanzan, a Confucian scholar. Kanzan was the first of Shiki's extra-school tutors; at the age of 7 the boy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Japanese Poetry
Japanese poetry is poetry typical of Japan, or written, spoken, or chanted in the Japanese language, which includes Old Japanese, Early Middle Japanese, Late Middle Japanese, and Modern Japanese, as well as poetry in Japan which was written in the Chinese language or '' ryūka'' from the Okinawa Islands: it is possible to make a more accurate distinction between Japanese poetry written in Japan or by Japanese people in other languages versus that written in the Japanese language by speaking of Japanese-language poetry. Much of the literary record of Japanese poetry begins when Japanese poets encountered Chinese poetry during the Tang dynasty (although the Chinese classic anthology of poetry, ''Shijing'', was well known by the literati of Japan by the 6th century). Under the influence of the Chinese poets of this era Japanese began to compose poetry in Chinese '' kanshi''); and, as part of this tradition, poetry in Japan tended to be intimately associated with pictorial painting, p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tawara Machi
is a contemporary Japanese writer, translator and poet. Tawara is most famous as a contemporary poet. She is credited with revitalizing the tanka for modern Japanese audiences. Her skill as a translator consist of translating classical Japanese into modern Japanese, for example books such as the ''Man'yōshū'' and the ''Taketori Monogatari''. Biography She was born in 1962 in Osaka Prefecture, and moved to Fukui Prefecture when she was 14 years old. In 1981, she graduated from Waseda University with a degree in Japanese literature. Under the influence of the poet Sasaki Yukitsuna, she began to write tanka. After graduation, Tawara began teaching at Kanagawa Prefecture's Hashimoto High School, and she taught there until 1989. She wrote a 50 poem sequence, ''August Morning'' (八月の朝), which received the 32nd Kadokawa Tanka Prize. She combined this collection with other small groups of tanka to release her first major collection of poems, ''Salad Anniversary'' (サラダ記 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ishikawa Takuboku
was a Japanese poet. Well known as both a tanka and or poet, he began as a member of the Myōjō group of naturalist poets but later joined the "socialistic" group of Japanese poets and renounced naturalism. He died of tuberculosis. Major works His major works were two volumes of tanka poems plus his diaries: * Akogare (あこがれ) 1905 * Ichiaku no Suna (一握の砂) (A Handful of Sand) 1910 * Kanashiki gangu (悲しき玩具) (Sad Toys) published posthumously in 1912 Diaries Ishikawa wrote some of his diaries in the Latin script transliteration of Japanese so that his wife could not read them. Timeline * 1886 - Born at Joko Temple, Hinoto-mura (presently named Hinoto, Tamayama-mura), Minami-Iwate-gun, Iwate Prefecture, to Ittei, the father, who was the priest of the temple, and Katsu, his mother. * 1887 - Moved to Shibutami-mura (presently named Shibutami, Tamayama-mura) * 1891 - Attended Shibutami Elementary School (4 years) * 1895 - Attended Morioka Upper Elemen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Akiko Yosano
Yosano Akiko (Shinjitai: , seiji: ; 7 December 1878 – 29 May 1942) was the pen-name of a Japanese author, poet, pioneering feminist, pacifist, and social reformer, active in the late Meiji era as well as the Taishō and early Shōwa eras of Japan. Her name at birth was . She is one of the most noted, and most controversial, post-classical woman poets of Japan. Early life Yosano was born into a prosperous merchant family in Sakai, near Osaka. From the age of 11, she was the family member most responsible for running the family business, which produced and sold yōkan, a type of confection. From early childhood, she was fond of reading literary works, and read widely in her father's extensive library. As a high school student, she began to subscribe to the poetry magazine ''Myōjō'' (Bright Star), of which she became a prominent contributor. ''Myōjō's'' editor, Tekkan Yosano, taught her ''tanka'' poetry, having met her on visits to Osaka and Sakai to deliver lectures and te ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mokichi Saitō
was a Japanese people, Japanese poet of the Taishō period, a member of the Araragi (magazine), Araragi school of tanka, and a psychiatrist. The psychiatrist Shigeta Saitō (:ja:斎藤茂太, ''Japanese Wikipedia article'') is his first son, the novelist Morio Kita is his second son and the essayist Yuka Saitō (essayist), Yuka Saitō is his granddaughter. Mokichi was born in the village of Kanakame, now part of Kaminoyama, Yamagata in 1882. He attended Tokyo Imperial University Medical School and, upon graduation in 1911, joined the staff of Sugamo Hospital where he began his study of psychiatry. He later directed Aoyama Hospital, a psychiatric facility. Mokichi studied tanka under Itō Sachio, a disciple of Masaoka Shiki and leader, after his master's death, of the Negishi Tanka Society; Sachio also edited the society's official journal ''Ashibi''. This magazine, due to Sachio's increasing commitment to other literary activities, was subsequently replaced by ''Araragi (magazi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hototogisu (magazine)
is a Japanese literary magazine focusing primarily on haiku. Founded in 1897, it was responsible for the spread of modern haiku among the Japanese public and is now Japan's most prestigious and long-lived haiku periodical. History ''Hototogisu'' was founded in 1897 in Matsuyama by Yanagihara Kyokudō, who edited it under the direction of Masaoka Shiki. It soon became the leading forum for Shiki's Nippon school of haiku. The following year, the magazine's headquarters moved to Tokyo and its editorship was taken over by Takahama Kyoshi. At the same time, the magazine's scope was expanded to include tanka and haibun as well has haiku, and Shiki began publishing essays in his ''shaseibun'' ("sketch from life") prose style. It had established itself as Japan's leading haiku magazine by this time, and the first Tokyo edition sold out on its first day. Following Shiki's death in 1902, the magazine's focus shifted to the fiction of modernist writers such as Natsume Sōseki, but in 1912 Ky ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Myōjō
was a monthly literary magazine published in Japan between April 1900 and November 1908. The name ''Myōjō'' can be translated as either Bright Star or Morning Star. History and profile The magazine was established in 1900. It was the organ of a poetry circle called ''Shinshisha'' (New Poetry Society) which had been founded by Yosano Tekkan in 1899. ''Myōjō'' was initially known for its development and promotion of a modernized version of the 31-syllable ''tanka'' poetry. Famous contributors such as Yosano Akiko, who also edited the magazine, transformed the traditional poetry with a sensual style in the romantic movement. Other important contributors included Hagiwara Sakutaro, Ishikawa Takuboku, Iwano Homei, Kitahara Hakushu, Noguchi Yonejiro, Kinoshita Rigen, and Sato Haruo. The magazine was advised by Mori Ōgai, Ueda Bin and Baba Kocho, with Yosano Tekkan remaining as editor-in-chief of the publication. ''Myōjō'' gradually transformed itself from purely ''tanka'' p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Araragi (magazine)
was a Japanese literary magazine active from 1908 to 1997. History and profile ''Araragi'' was established by Itō Sachio in 1908. He was also the editor of the magazine until his death in 1913. Shimagi Akahiko was the next editor of the magazine. it was a leading magazine of ''tanka'' (short poems). A group of poets who contributed to the magazine has come to be known as the Araragi school. In the postwar period, ''Araragi'' continued to publish, and was shut down in December 1997. Contributors * Mokichi Saito * Sachio Ito Sachio (written: 祥雄, 幸生, 幸夫, 倖生 or 左千夫) is a masculine Japanese given name. Notable people with the name include: *, pen-name of Itō Kōjirō, Japanese poet and writer *, Japanese baseball player *, Japanese architect *, Jap ... References 1908 establishments in Japan 1997 disestablishments in Japan Defunct literary magazines published in Japan Empire of Japan Magazines established in 1908 Magazines disestablished in 19 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yosano Tekkan
was the pen-name of Yosano Hiroshi, a Japanese author and poet active in late Meiji, Taishō, and early Shōwa period Japan. His wife was fellow author Yosano Akiko. Cabinet minister and politician Kaoru Yosano is his grandson. Early life Yosano was born in Kyoto as the son of Buddhist priest, and was a graduate of Keio University. After graduation, he taught Japanese language for four years at Tokuyama Girls' School, in what is now Shunan city, Yamaguchi prefecture. He was forced to quit over alleged improprieties with one of his students. At the age of 20, he moved to Tokyo. He supported himself as a staff writer for Tokyo newspapers. On 11 May 1894, he published a strongly worded article encouraging the reform of traditional Japanese poetry, or ''waka'', to give it more originality and thus make it more popular. Literary career Yosano was a disciple of Ochiai Naobumi, and a prominent founding member of the latter's Asaka Society.Keene, Donald 1999 ''Dawn to the West: A H ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Minamoto No Sanetomo
was the third ''shōgun'' of the Kamakura shogunate. He was the second son of the Kamakura shogunate founder, Minamoto no Yoritomo. His mother was Hōjō Masako and his older brother was second Kamakura shogun Minamoto no Yoriie. His childhood name was . He was the last head of the Minamoto clan of Japan. His Dharma name was . He was an accomplished ''waka'' poet. Early life After the death of Yoritomo in 1199, Sanetomo's grandfather Hōjō Tokimasa usurped the political and military power of the Shogunate, relegating the position and title of '' Sei-i Taishōgun'', or ''shōgun'', to a figurehead. Through hereditary succession, Sanetomo's older brother Yoriie became ''Sei-i Taishōgun'' in 1202, only to be stripped of the title a year later and put under house arrest for plotting against the Hōjō clan. This was presumably to keep the ''shōgun'' a child and thus needing a regent (''shikken'') to make decisions in his place. Shortly thereafter in 1203, Sanetomo became head ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
