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Typology
Typology is the study of types or the systematic classification of the types of something according to their common characteristics. Typology is the act of finding, counting and classification facts with the help of eyes, other senses and logic. Typology may refer to: * Typology (anthropology), division of culture by races * Typology (archaeology), classification of artefacts according to their characteristics * Typology (linguistics), study and classification of languages according to their structural features ** Morphological typology, a method of classifying languages * Typology (psychology), a model of personality types ** Psychological typologies, classifications used by psychologists to describe the distinctions between people * Typology (statistics), a concept in statistics, research design and social sciences * Typology (theology), in Christian theology, the interpretation of some figures and events in the Old Testament as foreshadowing the New Testament * Typology (urban pl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Typology (theology)
Typology in Christian theology and biblical exegesis is a doctrine or theory concerning the relationship of the Old Testament to the New Testament. Events, persons, or statements in the Old Testament are seen as types prefiguring or superseded by antitypes, events or aspects of Christ or his revelation described in the New Testament. For example, Jonah may be seen as the ''type'' of Christ in that he emerged from the fish's belly and thus appeared to rise from death. In the fullest version of the theory of typology, the whole purpose of the Old Testament is viewed as merely the provision of types for Christ, the antitype or fulfillment. The theory began in the Early Church, was at its most influential in the High Middle Ages, and continued to be popular, especially in Calvinism, after the Protestant Reformation, but in subsequent periods has been given less emphasis. In 19th century German protestantism, typological interpretation was distinguished from rectilinear inte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Typology (linguistics)
Linguistic typology (or language typology) is a field of linguistics that studies and classifies languages according to their structural features to allow their comparison. Its aim is to describe and explain the structural diversity and the common properties of the world's languages. Its subdisciplines include, but are not limited to phonological typology, which deals with sound features; syntactic typology, which deals with word order and form; lexical typology, which deals with language vocabulary; and theoretical typology, which aims to explain the universal tendencies. Linguistic typology is contrasted with genealogical linguistics on the grounds that typology groups languages or their grammatical features based on formal similarities rather than historic descendence. The issue of genealogical relation is however relevant to typology because modern data sets aim to be representative and unbiased. Samples are collected evenly from different language families, emphasizing t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Typology (archaeology)
In archaeology, a typology is the result of the classification of things according to their physical characteristics. The products of the classification, i.e. the classes, are also called types. Most archaeological typologies organize portable artifacts into types, but typologies of larger structures, including buildings, field monuments, fortifications or roads, are equally possible. A typology helps to manage a large mass of archaeological data. According to Doran and Hodson, "this superficially straightforward task has proved one of the most time consuming and contentious aspects of archaeological research". Philosophical background Typology is based on a view of the world familiar from Plato's metaphysics called essentialism. Essentialism is the idea that the world is divided into real, discontinuous and immutable "kinds". This idea is the basis for most typological constructions particularly of stone artefacts where essential forms are often thought of as "mental templates" ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Building Typology
Building typology refers to the study and documentation of buildings according to their essential characteristics. In architectural discourse typological classification tends to focus on building function (use), building form, or architectural style. A functional typology collects buildings into groups such as houses, hospitals, schools, shopping centers, etc. A formal typology groups buildings according to their shape, scale, and site placement, etc. (Formal building typology is also sometimes referred to as morpholog(gk. morph)) Lastly, a stylistic typology borrows from art history and identifies building types by their expressive traits, e.g. doric, ionic, corinthian (subtypes of classical), boroque, rococo, gothic, arts and crafts, international, post-modern, etc. The three typological practices are interlinked. Namely, each functional type consists of many formal types. For example, the residential functional type may be split into formal categories such as the high rise tower ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Typology (urban Planning And Architecture)
Typology is the study and classification of object types. In urban planning and architecture, typology refers to the task of identifying and grouping buildings and urban spaces according to the similarity of their essential characteristics. Common examples of essential charactaristics include intensity of development (from rural to suburban to urban) and building use (church, hospital, school, apartment, house, etc.) Non-essential characteristics are those which, if modified, would not change the building type. Color, for example, would rarely be considered an essential characteristic of building type. Material, however, may or may not be considered essential depending on how integral the material is to the structure (engineering) and construction (assembly) of the building. Building types may be further divided into subtypes. For example, among religious structures there are churches and mosques, etc.; among churches there are cathedrals and chapels, etc.; among cathedrals the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Type (other)
Type may refer to: Science and technology Computing * Typing, producing text via a keyboard, typewriter, etc. * Data type, collection of values used for computations. * File type * TYPE (DOS command), a command to display contents of a file. * Type (Unix), a command in POSIX shells that gives information about commands. * Type safety, the extent to which a programming language discourages or prevents type errors. * Type system, defines a programming language's response to data types. Mathematics * Type (model theory) * Type theory, basis for the study of type systems * Arity or type, the number of operands a function takes * Type, any proposition or set in the intuitionistic type theory * Type, of an entire function ** Exponential type Biology * Type (biology), which fixes a scientific name to a taxon * Dog type, categorization by use or function of domestic dogs Lettering * Type is a design concept for lettering used in typography which helped bring about modern textual printin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Blanchard's Transsexualism Typology
Blanchard's transsexualism typology is a proposed psychological typology of gender dysphoria, transsexualism, and fetishistic transvestism, created by sexologist Ray Blanchard through the 1980s and 1990s, building on the work of prior researchers, including his colleague Kurt Freund. Blanchard categorized trans women into two groups: ''homosexual transsexuals'' who are attracted exclusively to men and are feminine in both behavior and appearance; and ''autogynephilic transsexuals'' who are sexually aroused at the idea of having a female body. Blanchard's work has attracted significant controversy, especially following the 2003 publication of J. Michael Bailey's book ''The Man Who Would Be Queen'', which presented the typology to a general audience. Critics of the typology include sexologists John Bancroft and Charles Allen Moser, psychologist Margaret Nichols, and biologist and activist Julia Serano. The World Professional Association for Transgender Health (WPATH) objected to the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bernd And Hilla Becher
Bernhard "Bernd" Becher (; 20 August 1931 – 22 June 2007), and Hilla Becher, née Wobeser (2 September 1934 – 10 October 2015), were German conceptual artists and photographers working as a collaborative duo. They are best known for their extensive series of photographic images, or typologies, of industrial buildings and structures, often organised in grids. As the founders of what has come to be known as the 'Becher school' or the 'Düsseldorf School' they influenced generations of documentary photographers and artists. They have been awarded the Erasmus Prize and the Hasselblad Award. Biography Bernd Becher was born in Siegen. He studied painting at the Staatliche Akademie der Bildenden Künste Stuttgart from 1953 to 1956, then typography under Karl Rössing at the Kunstakademie Düsseldorf from 1959 to 1961. Hilla Becher was born in Potsdam. Prior to Hilla's time studying photography at the Kunstakademie Düsseldorf from 1958 to 1961, she had completed an apprentices ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Morphological Typology
Morphological typology is a way of classifying the languages of the world (see linguistic typology) that groups languages according to their common morphological structures. The field organizes languages on the basis of how those languages form words by combining morphemes. Analytic languages contain very little inflection, instead relying on features like word order and auxiliary words to convey meaning. Synthetic languages, ones that are not analytic, are divided into two categories: agglutinative and fusional languages. Agglutinative languages rely primarily on discrete particles (prefixes, suffixes, and infixes) for inflection, while fusional languages "fuse" inflectional categories together, often allowing one word ending to contain several categories, such that the original root can be difficult to extract. A further subcategory of agglutinative languages are polysynthetic languages, which take agglutination to a higher level by constructing entire sentences, including ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Typification
Typification is a process of creating standard (''typical'') social construction based on standard assumptions. Discrimination based on typification is called typism. See also * Ideal type * Normal type *Typology Typology is the study of types or the systematic classification of the types of something according to their common characteristics. Typology is the act of finding, counting and classification facts with the help of eyes, other senses and logic. Ty ... References External linksTypification at Sociology Index Sociological terminology {{socio-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Typology (anthropology)
Typology in anthropology was the categorization of the human species by races, based solely on traits that are readily observable from a distance such as head shape, skin color, hair form, body build, and stature. During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, anthropologists used a typological model to divide people from different ethnic regions into races, (e.g. the Negroid race, the Caucasoid race, the Mongoloid race, the Australoid race, and the Capoid race which was the racial classification system as defined in 1962 by Carleton S. Coon). The typological model was built on the assumption that humans can be assigned to a race based on similar physical traits. However, author Dennis O'Neil says the typological model in anthropology is now thoroughly discredited.O'Neil, Dennis. Palomar College. "Biological Anthropology Terms." 2006. May 13, 2007./ref> Current mainstream thinking is that the morphological traits are due to simple variations in specific regions, and are the effec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Farm Typology
The USDA’s Economic Research Service (ERS) has developed a farm typology, or farm classification, that divides the 2.1 million U.S. farms into 8 mutually exclusive and relatively homogeneous groups: #limited resource farms #retirement farms #residential/lifestyle farms #farming occupation/lower sales #farming occupation/high sales #large family farms #very large family farms #nonfamily farms. Also, the eight categories can be collapsed into 3: #rural residence farms #intermediate farms #commercial farms Data for 2003 indicate that Commercial farms, those having sales of $250,000 or more annually, constitute 9% of all farms and account for 72% of production. Intermediate farms, constituting 24% of all farms, account for 19% of production. The largest number of farms, characterized as rural residence farms, constitute 68% of all farms and account for 8% of production. See also *Small farm References {{CRS, article = Report for Congress: Agriculture: A Glossary of Terms, Program ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
