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Transition Metal Ether Complex
In chemistry Chemistry is the science, scientific study of the properties and behavior of matter. It is a natural science that covers the Chemical element, elements that make up matter to the chemical compound, compounds made of atoms, molecules and ions ..., a transition metal ether complex is a coordination complex consisting of a transition metal bonded to one or more ether ligand. The inventory of complexes is extensive. Common ether ligands are diethyl ether and tetrahydrofuran. Common chelating ether ligands include the glymes, dimethoxyethane (dme) and diglyme, and the crown ethers. Being lipophilic, metal-ether complexes often exhibit solubility in organic solvents, a property of interest in synthetic chemistry. In contrast, the di-ether 1,4-dioxane is generally a bridging ligand. Bonding, structure, reactions Ethers are L-type ligands. They are σ-donors that exert weak field ligands. They resemble water ligands as seen in aquo complexes. They do ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tungsten Hexachloride
Tungsten hexachloride is the chemical compound of tungsten and chlorine with the formula WCl6. This dark violet blue species exists as a volatile solid under standard conditions. It is an important starting reagent in the preparation of tungsten compounds. Other examples of charge-neutral hexachlorides are rhenium(VI) chloride and molybdenum(VI) chloride. The highly volatile tungsten hexafluoride is also known. As a d0 ion, W(VI) forms diamagnetic derivatives. The hexachloride is octahedral with equivalent W–Cl distances of 2.24–2.26 Å. Preparation Tungsten hexachloride can be prepared by chlorinating tungsten metal in a sealed tube at 600 °C: : W + 3 Cl2 → WCl6 Properties and Reactions Tungsten (VI) chloride is a blue-black solid at room temperature. At lower temperatures, it becomes wine-red in color. A red form of the compound can be made by rapidly condensing its vapor, which reverts to the blue-black form on gentle heating. It is readily hydrolyzed, even ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tantalum(III) Chloride
Tantalum(III) chloride or tantalum trichloride is non-stoichiometric with a range of composition from TaCl2.9 to TaCl3.1 Anionic and neutral clusters containing Ta(III) chloride include a6Cl18sup>4− and a6Cl14H2O)4. Formation Tantalum(III) chloride is formed by reducing tantalum(V) chloride with tantalum metal. this is done by heating tantalum(III) chloride to 305 °C, passing the vapour over tantalum foil at 600°, and condensing the trichloride at 365 °C. If the condensing region is kept at too high a temperature, then TaCl2.5 deposits instead. The trichloride can also be prepared by thermal decomposition of TaCl4, with removal of volatile TaCl5. TaCl5 can be vapourised leaving behind TaCl3. "Salt-free reduction" of a toluene solution of TaCl5 with 1,4-disilyl-cyclohexadiene in the presence of ethylene Ethylene (IUPAC name: ethene) is a hydrocarbon which has the formula or . It is a colourless, flammable gas with a faint "sweet and musky" odour when pure. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Niobium(IV) Chloride
Niobium(IV) chloride, also known as niobium tetrachloride, is the chemical compound of formula NbCl4. This compound exists as dark violet crystals, is highly sensitive to air and moisture, and disproportiates into niobium(III) chloride and niobium(V) chloride when heated.Macintyre, J.E.; Daniel, F.M.; Chapman and Hall; Stirling, V.M. Dictionary of Inorganic Compounds. 1992, Cleveland, OH: CRC Press, p. 2957 Structure and properties In the solid state, niobium(IV) chloride exists as chains of edge-sharing Octahedral molecular geometry, octahedra with alternating Nb-Nb distances of lengths 302.9 and 379.4 pm. The shorter distances correspond to Nb-Nb bonds, which result in the compound's diamagnetism. Its structure is very similar to that of tungsten(IV) chloride. Other coordination complexes with the formula NbCl4L2, such as tetrachlorobis(tetrahydrofuran) niobium, only form monomers resulting in one unpaired electron in the d''xy'' orbital, making the compounds paramagnetic. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vanadium(III) Chloride
Vanadium trichloride is the inorganic compound with the formula VCl3. This purple salt is a common precursor to other vanadium(III) complexes. Structure VCl3 has the common BiI3 structure, a motif that features hexagonally closest-packed chloride framework with vanadium ions occupying the octahedral holes. VBr3 and VI3 adopt the same structure, but VF3 features a structure more closely related to ReO3. VCl3 is paramagnetic and has two unpaired electrons. Preparation and reactions VCl3 is prepared by heating VCl4 at 160–170 °C under a flowing stream of inert gas, which sweeps out the Cl2. The bright red liquid converts to a purple solid. Heating of VCl3 decomposes with volatilization of VCl4, leaving VCl2. Upon heating under H2 at 675 °C (but less than 700 °C), VCl3 reduces to greenish VCl2. :: 2 VCl3 + H2 → 2 VCl2 + 2 HCl Comproportionation of vanadium trichloride and vanadium(V) oxides gives vanadium oxydichloride: :V2O5 + VOCl3 + 3 VCl3 → ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hafnium(IV) Chloride
Hafnium(IV) chloride is the inorganic compound with the formula HfCl4. This colourless solid is the precursor to most hafnium organometallic compounds. It has a variety of highly specialized applications, mainly in materials science and as a catalyst. Preparation HfCl4 can be produced by several related procedures: *The reaction of carbon tetrachloride and hafnium oxide at above 450 °C; :HfO2 + 2 CCl4 → HfCl4 + 2 COCl2 *Chlorination of a mixture of HfO2 and carbon above 600 °C using chlorine gas or sulfur monochloride: :HfO2 + 2 Cl2 + C → HfCl4 + CO2 * Chlorination of hafnium carbide above 250 °C. Separation of Zr and Hf Hafnium and zirconium occur together in minerals such as zircon, cyrtolite and baddeleyite. Zircon contains 0.05% to 2.0% hafnium dioxide HfO2, cyrtolite with 5.5% to 17% HfO2 and baddeleyite contains 1.0 to 1.8 percent HfO2.Newnham, Ivan Edgar "Purification of Hafnium Tetrachloride". November 22, 1960. Hafnium and z ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zirconium(IV) Chloride
Zirconium(IV) chloride, also known as zirconium tetrachloride, () is an inorganic compound frequently used as a precursor to other compounds of zirconium. This white high-melting solid hydrolyzes rapidly in humid air. Structure Unlike molecular TiCl4, solid ZrCl4 adopts a polymeric structure wherein each Zr is octahedrally coordinated. This difference in structures is responsible for the disparity in their properties: is distillable, but is a solid. In the solid state, ZrCl4 adopts a tape-like linear polymeric structure—the same structure adopted by HfCl4. This polymer degrades readily upon treatment with Lewis bases, which cleave the Zr-Cl-Zr linkages. Synthesis This conversion entails treatment of the oxide with carbon as the oxide "getter" in the presence of chlorine at high temperature: :ZrO2 + 2 C + 2 Cl2 → ZrCl4 + 2 CO A laboratory scale process uses carbon tetrachloride in place of carbon and chlorine: :ZrO2 + 2 CCl4 → ZrCl4 + 2 COCl2 Applications Precursor to Zr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Titanium(III) Chloride
Titanium(III) chloride is the inorganic compound with the formula TiCl3. At least four distinct species have this formula; additionally hydrated derivatives are known. TiCl3 is one of the most common halides of titanium and is an important catalyst for the manufacture of polyolefins. Structure and bonding In TiCl3, each titanium atom has one ''d'' electron, rendering its derivatives paramagnetic, that is, the substance is attracted into a magnetic field. Solutions of titanium(III) chloride are violet, which arises from excitations of its ''d''-electron. The colour is not very intense since the transition is forbidden by the Laporte selection rule. Four solid forms or polymorphs of TiCl3 are known. All feature titanium in an octahedral coordination sphere. These forms can be distinguished by crystallography as well as by their magnetic properties, which probes exchange interactions. β-TiCl3 crystallizes as brown needles. Its structure consists of chains of TiCl6 octahedra tha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Titanium(IV) Chloride
Titanium tetrachloride is the inorganic compound with the formula . It is an important intermediate in the production of titanium metal and the pigment titanium dioxide. is a volatile liquid. Upon contact with humid air, it forms thick clouds of titanium dioxide () and hydrochloric acid, a reaction that was formerly exploited for use in smoke machines. It is sometimes referred to as "tickle" or "tickle 4" due to the phonetic resemblance of its molecular formula () to the word. Properties and structure is a dense, colourless distillable liquid, although crude samples may be yellow or even red-brown. It is one of the rare transition metal halides that is a liquid at room temperature, being another example. This property reflects the fact that molecules of weakly self-associate. Most metal chlorides are polymers, wherein the chloride atoms bridge between the metals. Its melting and boiling points are similar to those of . has a "closed" electronic shell, with the same ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
