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Teip
Teips (also taip, teyp; Nakh тайпа ''taypa'' : ''family, kin, clan, tribe''Нохчийн-Оьрсийн словарь (Chechen-Russian Dictionary, A.G. Matsiyev, Moscow, 1961), ''also available online:'Чеченско-Русский словарь: “схьаIенадала-такхадала”; ''and' ) are Chechen and Ingush tribal organizations or clans, self-identified through descent from a common ancestor or geographic location. It is a sub-unit of the tukkhum and shahar. There are about 150 Chechen and 120 Ingush teips. Teips played an important role in the socioeconomic life of the Chechen and Ingush peoples before and during the Middle Ages, and continue to be an important cultural part to this day. Traditional teip rules and features Common teip rules and some features: [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tukkhum
Tukkhum is a term and system introduced in the 1920s and 1930s, most notably by Soviet Chechen writer Magomed Mamakaev in 1934. This system does not properly apply to the Chechen nation and the social structure of Chechen clans. Mamakaev proposed that the Chechen tukkhum was a type of military-economic union between certain groups of teips, not through consanguinity but established for specific purposes, such as military alliances and for economic trade; that the tukkhum occupied a specific territory, which was inhabited by the members of the tukkhum. He also stated that each tukkhum spoke a different dialect of the same Vainakh language. Despite this, it is still a relatively important social grouping, as seen through various Chechen authors and scholars using it in their descriptions of the Vainakh social structure, as well as its featuring on the Coat of Arms of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria. Etymology The term is of foreign origin and some suggest it comes from the old Pe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tukkhum
Tukkhum is a term and system introduced in the 1920s and 1930s, most notably by Soviet Chechen writer Magomed Mamakaev in 1934. This system does not properly apply to the Chechen nation and the social structure of Chechen clans. Mamakaev proposed that the Chechen tukkhum was a type of military-economic union between certain groups of teips, not through consanguinity but established for specific purposes, such as military alliances and for economic trade; that the tukkhum occupied a specific territory, which was inhabited by the members of the tukkhum. He also stated that each tukkhum spoke a different dialect of the same Vainakh language. Despite this, it is still a relatively important social grouping, as seen through various Chechen authors and scholars using it in their descriptions of the Vainakh social structure, as well as its featuring on the Coat of Arms of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria. Etymology The term is of foreign origin and some suggest it comes from the old Pe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
History Of Chechnya
The history of Chechnya may refer to the history of the Chechens, of their land Chechnya, or of the land of Ichkeria. Chechen society has traditionally been organized around many autonomous local clans, called taips. The traditional Chechen saying goes that the members of Chechen society, like its taips, are (ideally) "free and equal like wolves". Amjad Jaimoukha notes in his book ''The Chechens'' that sadly, "Vainakh history is perhaps the most poorly studied of the peoples of the North Caucasus. Much research effort was expended upon the Russo-Circassian war, most of it being falsified at that."Jaimoukha. ''Chechens''. Page 23-28. There was once a library of Chechen history scripts, written in Chechen (and possibly some in Georgian) using Arabic and Georgian script; however, it was destroyed by Stalin and wiped from the record (see - 1944 Deportation; Aardakh). Prehistoric and archeological finds The first known settlement of what is now Chechnya is thought to have occurred ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nakh Peoples
The Nakh peoples, also known as ''Vainakh peoples'' (Chechen/Ingush: , apparently derived from Chechen , Ingush "our people"; also Chechen-Ingush), are a group of Caucasian peoples identified by their use of the Nakh languages and other cultural similarities. These are chiefly the ethnic Chechen (including the Chechen sub-ethnos, the Kists, in Georgia), Ingush and Bats peoples of the North Caucasus, including closely related minor or historical groups. The ethnonym "Nakhchi" Nakh peoples and Vainakh peoples are two terms that were coined by Soviet ethnographers such as the Ingush ethnographer Zaurbek Malsagov. The reasoning behind the creation of these terms was to unite the closely related nations of Chechen and Ingush into one term. The terms "Vainakh" (our people) and "Nakh" (people) were first used as a term to unite two peoples in 1928. It was subsequently popularized by other Soviet authors, poets, and historians such as Mamakaev and Volkova in their research. Accor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zandkhoy
Zandkhoy, Zandakhoy ( Chechen: Зандакъой, Зандкъой, Zandaq̇oy, Zandq̇oy) is a Chechen teip (clan) from the historic region of Ichkeria and belongs to the tukkhum Nokhchmakhkakhoy, also called ''Ichkerians''. The centre of the teip is the village Zandak, which is located in the Nozhay-Yurtovsky District. Geography Members of the teip live all across the Chechen Republic and the Aukh region of today's Dagestan. They either make up the majority or founded the following villages * Baytarki (Байтарки) * Gamiyakh (Гамиях) * Gilyani (Гиляны) * Mazhgara (Мажгара) * Simsir (Симсир) * Zandak-Ara (Зандак-Ара) The teip also had historical settlements in other parts of Chechnya which were named after their native village Zandak, like on the right side of the Gums (a tributary of the Sunzha) and one between the Gekhi and Valerik. These were burned down during the Russian conquest of the Caucasus. Etymology The origin of th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chechnya
Chechnya ( rus, Чечня́, Chechnyá, p=tɕɪtɕˈnʲa; ce, Нохчийчоь, Noxçiyçö), officially the Chechen Republic,; ce, Нохчийн Республика, Noxçiyn Respublika is a republic of Russia. It is situated in the North Caucasus of Eastern Europe, close to the Caspian Sea. The republic forms a part of the North Caucasian Federal District, and shares land borders with the country of Georgia to its south; with the Russian republics of Dagestan, Ingushetia, and North Ossetia-Alania to its east, north, and west; and with Stavropol Krai to its northwest. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, the Checheno-Ingush ASSR split into two parts: the Republic of Ingushetia and the Chechen Republic. The latter proclaimed the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria, which sought independence. Following the First Chechen War of 1994–1996 with Russia, Chechnya gained ''de facto'' independence as the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria, although ''de jure'' it rem ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Terloy
The Terloy (also Terlo, Teroy) (Chechen: ТIерлой, ТIерой) is a Chechen teip. The exact population of the teip is not known, however it is estimated to be around 30,000 people. Terloy speak in the Itum-Kali dialect of the Chechen language. Chechen writer and poet Magomet Mamakaev defined the Terloy as a tukkhum in his works, however literature, material and legends by the Terloy themselves are proof that they are in fact a larger teip, with all the typical characteristics of a Chechen teip. Etymology The name Terloy comes from the geographical place of origin. Ter- meaning "upper" and -loy which indicates to belonging to a group or place. History The Terloy originate from Terloy-Mohk, an area in the south-western mountains of Chechnya. There are no people living there after February 1944. All villages were destroyed by Soviet government and was forbidden to live there because the region was considered as rebellious and dangerous. Nowadays the majority of the Terloy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gendargenoy
Gendargenoy ( ce, Gendargenoy, Гендаргеной) is a Chechen teip (clan). Its center is the village of . There is a hypothesis that it originated from the historic area in Chechen Republic called . Notable people * Alu Alkhanov * Turpal Tokaev * Ramzan Akhmadov * Buvadi Dakhiyev * Isa Gendergenoevsky * Aiza Gazuyeva * Zelimkhan Akhmadov * Doku Zavgayev Doku Gapurovich Zavgayev (russian: Доку Гапурович Завгаев, born 22 December 1940, Beno-Yurt, Chechnya) is a Soviet and Russian statesman and politician. He was the leader of the Checheno-Ingush ASSR and later an ambassador of ... References Chechen people {{chechnya-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chinkhoy
Chinkhoy (; Chechen: Ч1инхой; Russian: Чинхой), also known as Chinnakhoy ( Chechen: Ч1иннахой), is a Chechen teip. Notable members * Akhmed Zakayev (1959), Chechen separatist leader and head of the government of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria in exile * Beslan Gantamirov (1963), Chechen politician, former mayor of Grozny Grozny ( rus, Грозный, p=ˈgroznɨj; ce, Соьлжа-ГӀала, translit=Sölƶa-Ġala), also spelled Groznyy, is the capital city of Chechnya, Russia. The city lies on the Sunzha River. According to the 2010 census, it had a po ... (1991-1993) and one of the leaders on the Russian side of the Battle of Grozny (1999–2000) Chechen Republic of Ichkeria {{Chechnya-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nakh Languages
The Nakh languages are a group of languages within Northeast Caucasian family, spoken chiefly by the Chechens and Ingush in the North Caucasus. Bats is the endangered language of the Bats people, an ethnic minority in Georgia. The Chechen, Ingush and Bats peoples are also grouped under the ethno-linguistic umbrella of Nakh peoples. Classification The Nakh languages were historically classified as an independent North-Central Caucasian family, but are now recognized as a branch of the Northeast Caucasian family. The separation of Nakh from common Northeast Caucasian has been tentatively dated to the Neolithic (ca. 4th millennium BC). The Nakh language family consists of: * Vainakh languages, a dialect continuum with two literary languages: ** Chechen – approximately 1,330,000 speakers (2002). ** Ingush – approximately 413,000 speakers (2002). * Bats or Batsbi – approximately 3,420 (2000), spoken mostly in Zemo-Alvani, Georgia. Not mutually intelligible with Chechen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kinship And Descent
In anthropology, kinship is the web of social relationships that form an important part of the lives of all humans in all societies, although its exact meanings even within this discipline are often debated. Anthropologist Robin Fox says that the study of kinship is the study of what humans do with these basic facts of lifemating, gestation, parenthood, socialization, siblingship etc. Human society is unique, he argues, in that we are "working with the same raw material as exists in the animal world, but ecan conceptualize and categorize it to serve social ends." These social ends include the socialization of children and the formation of basic economic, political and religious groups. Kinship can refer both to the patterns of social relationships themselves, or it can refer to the study of the patterns of social relationships in one or more human cultures (i.e. kinship studies). Over its history, anthropology has developed a number of related concepts and terms in the study ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Collectivization
Collective farming and communal farming are various types of, "agricultural production in which multiple farmers run their holdings as a joint enterprise". There are two broad types of communal farms: agricultural cooperatives, in which member-owners jointly engage in farming activities as a collective, and state farms, which are owned and directly run by a centralized government. The process by which farmland is aggregated is called collectivization. In some countries (including the Soviet Union, the Eastern Bloc countries, China and Vietnam), there have been both state-run and cooperative-run variants. For example, the Soviet Union had both kolkhozy (cooperative-run farms) and sovkhozy (state-run farms). Pre-20th century history A small group of farming or herding families living together on a jointly managed piece of land is one of the most common living arrangements in all of human history, having co-existed and competed with more individualistic forms of ownership (as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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