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Syntaxin 1
Syntaxins are a family of membrane integrated Q-SNARE proteins participating in exocytosis. Domains Syntaxins possess a single C-terminal transmembrane domain, a SNARE domain (known as H3), and an N-terminal regulatory domain (Habc). Syntaxin 17 may have two transmembrane domains. * The SNARE (H3) domain binds to both synaptobrevin and SNAP-25 forming the core SNARE complex. Formation of this stable SNARE core complex is believed to generate the free energy required to initiate fusion between the vesicle membrane and plasma membrane. * The N-terminal Habc domain is formed by 3 α-helices and when collapsed onto its own H3 helix forms an inactive "closed" syntaxin conformation. This closed conformation of syntaxin is believed to be stabilized by binding of Munc-18 (nSec1), although more recent data suggests that nSec1 may bind to other conformations of syntaxin, as well. The "open" syntaxin conformation is the conformation that is competent to form into SNARE core complexes. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cell Membrane
The cell membrane (also known as the plasma membrane (PM) or cytoplasmic membrane, and historically referred to as the plasmalemma) is a biological membrane that separates and protects the interior of all cells from the outside environment (the extracellular space). The cell membrane consists of a lipid bilayer, made up of two layers of phospholipids with cholesterols (a lipid component) interspersed between them, maintaining appropriate membrane fluidity at various temperatures. The membrane also contains membrane proteins, including integral proteins that span the membrane and serve as membrane transporters, and peripheral proteins that loosely attach to the outer (peripheral) side of the cell membrane, acting as enzymes to facilitate interaction with the cell's environment. Glycolipids embedded in the outer lipid layer serve a similar purpose. The cell membrane controls the movement of substances in and out of cells and organelles, being selectively permeable to ions a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
STX3
Syntaxin 3, also known as STX3, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the ''STX3'' gene. Function The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the syntaxin family of cellular receptors for transport vesicles which participate in exocytosis in neutrophils. STX3 has an important role in the growth of neurites and serves as a direct target for omega-6 arachidonic acid. Mutations in Syntaxin 3 cause Microvillus inclusion disease. Interactions Syntaxin 3 has been shown to interact with SNAP-25, SNAP23 and SNAP29 Synaptosomal-associated protein 29 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SNAP29'' gene. Function This gene, a member of the SNAP25 gene family, encodes a protein involved in multiple membrane trafficking steps. Two other members of t .... References Further reading * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * {{Vesicular transport proteins ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
STX17
Syntaxin 17 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''STX17'' gene. In horses a duplication in intron 6 causes progressive graying. See also *Syntaxin Syntaxins are a family of membrane integrated Q-SNARE proteins participating in exocytosis. Domains Syntaxins possess a single C-terminal transmembrane domain, a SNARE domain (known as H3), and an N-terminal regulatory domain (Habc). Syntaxin ... References Further reading * * * * * * * External links * {{gene-9-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
STX16
Syntaxin-16 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''STX16'' gene. It has been associated with pseudohypoparathyroidism type Ib. Losing this gene causes loss of methylation at GNAS1 exon A/B. Interactions STX16 has been shown to interact with VAMP4 Vesicle-associated membrane protein 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''VAMP4'' gene. Function Synaptobrevins/VAMPs, syntaxins, and the 25-kD synaptosomal-associated protein SNAP25 are the main components of a protein complex inv .... References Further reading * * * * * * * {{protein-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
STX12
Syntaxin-12 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''STX12'' gene. Interactions STX12 has been shown to interact with PLDN Pallidin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''PLDN'' gene. Function The protein encoded by this gene may play a role in intracellular vesicle trafficking. It interacts with Syntaxin 13 which mediates intracellular membrane fusion. Se .... References Further reading * * * * * * * * * * * * * * External links PDBe-KB provides an overview of all the structure information available in the PDB for Human Syntaxin-12 {{gene-1-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
STX11
Syntaxin 11, also known as STX11, is a human gene that is a member of the t-SNARE family. Interactions STX11 has been shown to interact with SNAP25 and SNAP23. See also * Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), also known as haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (British spelling), and hemophagocytic or haemophagocytic syndrome, is an uncommon hematologic disorder seen more often in children than in adults. It is a ... References Further reading * * * * * * * * * * * * {{gene-6-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
STX10
Syntaxin-10 (STX10) is a SNARE protein that is encoded by the ''STX10'' gene. This protein is found in most vertebrates (including humans) but is noticeably absent from mice. As with other SNARE proteins, STX10 facilitates vesicle fusion and thus is important for intracellular trafficking of proteins and other cellular components. More specifically, STX10 has been implicated in endosome to Golgi trafficking of the mannose 6-phosphate receptor and glucose transporter type 4. STX10 has been detected in the trans- Golgi network (TGN) by immunofluorescence. Structure and function Human STX10 is a 249 amino acid protein that has three N-terminal α-helices and a single SNARE domain followed by a single-pass transmembrane domain. Human STX10 is 60% identical to human STX6. STX10 is structurally classified as a Qc-SNARE (contributes a glutamine (Q) residue in the formation of the assembled core SNARE complex) and is functionally classified as a t-SNARE (or target-SNARE which ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
STX8
Syntaxin-8 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''STX8'' gene. Syntaxin 8 directly interacts with HECTd3 and has similar subcellular localization. The protein has been shown to form the SNARE complex with syntaxin 7, vti1b and endobrevin. These function as the machinery for the homotypic fusion of late endosomes. Model organisms Model organisms have been used in the study of STX8 function. A conditional knockout mouse line, called ''Stx8tm2a(EUCOMM)Wtsi'' was generated as part of the International Knockout Mouse Consortium program—a high-throughput mutagenesis project to generate and distribute animal models of disease to interested scientists—at the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute. Male and female animals underwent a standardized phenotypic screen to determine the effects of deletion. Twenty four tests were carried out on homozygous mutant adult mice, however no significant abnormalities were observed. Interactions STX8 has been shown to interact with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
STX7
Syntaxin-7 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''STX7'' gene. In melanocytic cells STX7 gene expression may be regulated by MITF. Interactions STX7 has been shown to interact with STX8, VPS18, Vesicle-associated membrane protein 8 Vesicle-associated membrane protein 8 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''VAMP8'' gene. Synaptobrevins/VAMPs, syntaxins, and the 25-kD synaptosomal-associated protein SNAP25 are the main components of a protein complex involved in the ... and VPS11. References Further reading * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * {{Gene-6-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
STX6
Syntaxin-6 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''STX6'' gene. Interactions STX6 has been shown to interact with SNAP23, VAMP3 and VAMP4. N terminal protein domain The protein domain Syntaxin 6 N terminal protein domain is a soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) found in endosomal transport vesicles. It is part of the family, of target SNAREs (t-SNAREs). It is a vital aid to exporting and importing cell cargo through a process called cell trafficking. Its SNARE motif shows significant homology to both syntaxin 1a and S25C, indicating similarity through evolutionary conservation. The structure of the syntaxin 6 N-terminal domain shows strong structural similarity with the N-terminal domains of syntaxin 1a, Sso1p, and Vam3p; despite a very low level of sequence similarity. SNARE functions essentially as a tether to hold the vesicle. The cytoplasmic regions of SNARE found on transport vesicles and target membranes interact, then ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
