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Surgical Neck Of The Humerus
The surgical neck of the humerus is a bony constriction at the proximal end of shaft of humerus. It is situated distal to the greater tubercle and lesser tubercle, and proximal to the deltoid tuberosity. Clinical significance The surgical neck is much more frequently fractured than the anatomical neck of the humerus. This type of fracture takes place when the humerus is forced in one direction while the joint capsule and the rotator cuff muscles remain intact. A fracture in this area is most likely to cause damage to the axillary nerve and posterior circumflex humeral artery. Damage to the axillary nerve affects function of the teres minor and deltoid muscles, resulting in loss of abduction of arm (from 15-90 degrees), weak flexion, extension, and rotation of shoulder as well as loss of sensation of the skin over a small part of the lateral shoulder. Additional images File:Neck-of-Humerus.jpg, The difference between anatomical neck and surgical neck of the humerus File:Illus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Greater Tubercle
The greater tubercle of the humerus is the outward part the upper end of that bone, adjacent to the large rounded prominence of the humerus head. It provides attachment points for the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and teres minor muscles, three of the four muscles of the rotator cuff, a muscle group that stabilizes the shoulder joint. In doing so the tubercle acts as a location for the transfer of forces from the rotator cuff muscles to the humerus. Structure The upper surface of the greater tubercle is rounded, and marked by three flat impressions: * the highest ("superior facet") gives insertion to the supraspinatus muscle. * the middle ("middle facet") gives insertion to the infraspinatus muscle. * the lowest ("inferior facet"), and the body of the bone for about 2.5 cm, gives insertion to the teres minor muscle. The lateral surface of the greater tubercle is convex, rough, and continuous with the lateral surface of the body of the humerus. It can be described a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lesser Tubercle
The lesser tubercle of the humerus, although smaller, is more prominent than the greater tubercle: it is situated in front, and is directed medially and anteriorly. The projection of the lesser tubercle is anterior from the junction that is found between the anatomical neck and the shaft of the humerus and easily identified due to the intertubercular sulcus (Bicipital groove). Above and in front it presents an impression for the insertion of the tendon of the subscapularis The subscapularis is a large triangular muscle which fills the subscapular fossa and inserts into the lesser tubercle of the humerus and the front of the capsule of the shoulder-joint. Structure It arises from its medial two-thirds and Som .... Additional images File:Gray326.png, The left shoulder and acromioclavicular joints, and the proper ligaments of the scapula. File:Human arm bones diagram.svg, Human arm bones diagram References External links * * * Diagram at uwlax.edu Bones of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Deltoid Tuberosity
In human anatomy, the deltoid tuberosity is a rough, triangular area on the anterolateral (front-side) surface of the middle of the humerus. It is a site of attachment of deltoid muscle. Structure Variation The deltoid tuberosity has been reported as very prominent in less than 10% of people. Development The deltoid tuberosity develops through endochondral ossification in a two-phase process. The initiating signal is tendon-dependent, whilst the growth phase is muscle-dependent. Clinical significance The deltoid tuberosity is at risk of avulsion fracture. These fractures may be managed conservatively with rest. Other animals In mammals, the humerus displays a wide morphological variation. The size and orientation of its functionally important features, including the deltoid tubercle, greater tubercle, and medial epicondyle, are pivotal to an animal's style of locomotion and habitat. In cursorial (running) animals such as the pronghorn, the deltoid tubercle is located ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anatomical Neck Of The Humerus .
The anatomical neck of the humerus is obliquely directed, forming an obtuse angle with the body of the humerus. It represents the fused epiphyseal plate. Structure The anatomical neck divides the head of the humerus from the greater and lesser tubercles of the humerus It gives attachment to the capsular ligament of the shoulder joint except at the upper inferior-medial aspects. It is best marked in the lower half of its circumference; in the upper half it is represented by a narrow groove separating the head of the humerus from the two tubercles, the greater tubercle and the lesser tubercle. It affords attachment to the articular capsule of the shoulder-joint, and is perforated by numerous vascular foramina In anatomy and osteology, a foramen (; in [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Axillary Nerve
The axillary nerve or the circumflex nerve is a nerve of the human body, that originates from the brachial plexus (upper trunk, posterior division, posterior cord) at the level of the axilla (armpit) and carries nerve fibers from C5 and C6. The axillary nerve travels through the quadrangular space with the posterior circumflex humeral artery and vein to innervate the deltoid and teres minor. Structure The nerve lies at first behind the axillary artery, and in front of the subscapularis, and passes downward to the lower border of that muscle. It then winds from anterior to posterior around the neck of the humerus, in company with the posterior humeral circumflex artery, through the quadrangular space (bounded above by the teres minor, below by the teres major, medially by the long head of the triceps brachii, and laterally by the surgical neck of the humerus), and divides into an anterior, a posterior, and a collateral branch to the long head of the triceps brachii branch. * The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Posterior Humeral Circumflex Artery
The posterior humeral circumflex artery (posterior circumflex artery, posterior circumflex humeral artery) arises from the third part of axillary artery at the lower border of the subscapularis, and runs posteriorly with the axillary nerve through the quadrangular space. It winds around the surgical neck of the humerus and is distributed to the deltoid muscle and shoulder-joint, anastomosing with the anterior humeral circumflex and deep artery of the arm. It supplies the teres major, teres minor, deltoid, and (long head only) triceps muscles. Additional images File:Gray810.png, Suprascapular and axillary nerves of right side, seen from behind. File:Slide4SSS.JPG, Posterior humeral circumflex artery See also * Anterior humeral circumflex artery The anterior humeral circumflex artery (anterior circumflex artery, anterior circumflex humeral artery) is an artery in the arm. It is one of two circumflexing arteries that branch from the axillary artery, the other being the posteri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Teres Minor Muscle
The teres minor (Latin ''teres'' meaning 'rounded') is a narrow, elongated muscle of the rotator cuff. The muscle originates from the lateral border and adjacent posterior surface of the corresponding right or left scapula and inserts at both the greater tubercle of the humerus and the posterior surface of the joint capsule. The primary function of the teres minor is to modulate the action of the deltoid, preventing the humeral head from sliding upward as the arm is abducted. It also functions to rotate the humerus laterally. The teres minor is innervated by the axillary nerve. Structure It arises from the dorsal surface of the axillary border of the scapula for the upper two-thirds of its extent, and from two aponeurotic laminae, one of which separates it from the infraspinatus muscle, the other from the teres major muscle. Its fibers run obliquely upwards and laterally; the upper ones end in a tendon which is inserted into the lowest of the three impressions on the greater tub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Deltoid Muscle
The deltoid muscle is the muscle forming the rounded contour of the human shoulder. It is also known as the 'common shoulder muscle', particularly in other animals such as the domestic cat. Anatomically, the deltoid muscle appears to be made up of three distinct sets of muscle fibers, namely the # anterior or clavicular part (pars clavicularis) # posterior or scapular part (pars scapularis) # intermediate or acromial part (pars acromialis) However, electromyography suggests that it consists of at least seven groups that can be independently coordinated by the nervous system. It was previously called the deltoideus (plural ''deltoidei'') and the name is still used by some anatomists. It is called so because it is in the shape of the Greek capital letter delta (Δ). Deltoid is also further shortened in slang as "delt". A study of 30 shoulders revealed an average mass of in humans, ranging from to . Structure Previous studies showed that the insertions of the tendons of the delto ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Quadrangular Space
The quadrangular space, also known as the quadrilateral space f Velpeau'' and the foramen humerotricipitale, is one of the three spaces in the axillary space. The other two spaces are: triangular space and triangular interval. Structure The quadrangular space is one of the three spaces in the axillary space. Boundaries The quadrangular space is defined by: - "Scapular Region: Quadrangular Space of Scapular Region" * ''above/superior:'' teres minor muscle. * ''below/inferior:'' teres major muscle. * ''medially:'' long head of the triceps brachii muscle (lateral margin). * ''laterally:'' surgical neck of the humerus. * ''anteriorly:'' subscapularis muscle. Contents The quadrangular space transmits the axillary nerve, and the posterior humeral circumflex artery. Clinical significance The quadrangular space is a clinically important anatomic space in the arm as it provides the anterior regions of the axilla a passageway to the posterior regions. In the quadrangular space, the axi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anatomical Neck Of The Humerus .
The anatomical neck of the humerus is obliquely directed, forming an obtuse angle with the body of the humerus. It represents the fused epiphyseal plate. Structure The anatomical neck divides the head of the humerus from the greater and lesser tubercles of the humerus It gives attachment to the capsular ligament of the shoulder joint except at the upper inferior-medial aspects. It is best marked in the lower half of its circumference; in the upper half it is represented by a narrow groove separating the head of the humerus from the two tubercles, the greater tubercle and the lesser tubercle. It affords attachment to the articular capsule of the shoulder-joint, and is perforated by numerous vascular foramina In anatomy and osteology, a foramen (; in [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
General Electric
General Electric Company (GE) is an American multinational conglomerate founded in 1892, and incorporated in New York state and headquartered in Boston. The company operated in sectors including healthcare, aviation, power, renewable energy, digital industry, additive manufacturing and venture capital and finance, but has since divested from several areas, now primarily consisting of the first four segments. In 2020, GE ranked among the Fortune 500 as the 33rd largest firm in the United States by gross revenue. In 2011, GE ranked among the Fortune 20 as the 14th most profitable company, but later very severely underperformed the market (by about 75%) as its profitability collapsed. Two employees of GE – Irving Langmuir (1932) and Ivar Giaever (1973) – have been awarded the Nobel Prize. On November 9, 2021, the company announced it would divide itself into three investment-grade public companies. On July 18, 2022, GE unveiled the brand names of the companies it will ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
