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Suppressors Of Cytokine Signalling
SOCS (suppressor of cytokine signaling proteins) refers to a family of genes involved in inhibiting the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. Genes * CISH * SOCS1 * SOCS2 * SOCS3 * SOCS4 Suppressor of cytokine signaling 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SOCS4 gene In biology, the word gene (from , ; "...Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ''generation ... * SOCS5 * SOCS6 * SOCS7 Structure All SOCS have certain structures in common. This includes a varying N-terminal domain involved in protein-protein interactions, a central SH2 domain, which can bind to molecules that have been phosphorylated by tyrosine kinases, and a SOCS box located at the C-terminal that enables recruitment of E3 ligases and ubiquitin signaling molecules. Discovery The first protein to be classified as a suppressor of cytokine signaling, CIS (cytokine-inducible SH2), was discovered in 1995, when it was found to have a unique ab ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Protein SOCS2 PDB 2c9w
Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within organisms, including catalysing metabolic reactions, DNA replication, responding to stimuli, providing structure to cells and organisms, and transporting molecules from one location to another. Proteins differ from one another primarily in their sequence of amino acids, which is dictated by the nucleotide sequence of their genes, and which usually results in protein folding into a specific 3D structure that determines its activity. A linear chain of amino acid residues is called a polypeptide. A protein contains at least one long polypeptide. Short polypeptides, containing less than 20–30 residues, are rarely considered to be proteins and are commonly called peptides. The individual amino acid residues are bonded together by peptide bonds and adjacent amino acid residues. The sequence of amino acid residues in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway
The JAK-STAT signaling pathway is a chain of interactions between proteins in a cell, and is involved in processes such as immunity, cell division, cell death, and tumour formation. The pathway communicates information from chemical signals outside of a cell to the cell nucleus, resulting in the activation of genes through the process of transcription. There are three key parts of JAK-STAT signalling: Janus kinases (JAKs), signal transducer and activator of transcription proteins (STATs), and receptors (which bind the chemical signals). Disrupted JAK-STAT signalling may lead to a variety of diseases, such as skin conditions, cancers, and disorders affecting the immune system. Structure of JAKs and STATs ''Main articles: JAKs and STATs'' There are four JAK proteins: JAK1, JAK2, JAK3 and TYK2. JAKs contains a FERM domain (approximately 400 residues), an SH2-related domain (approximately 100 residues), a kinase domain (approximately 250 residues) and a pseudokinase domain (a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
CISH (gene)
Cytokine-inducible SH2-containing protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''CISH'' gene. ''CISH'' orthologs have been identified in most mammals with sequenced genomes. CISH controls T cell receptor (TCR) signaling, and variations of ''CISH'' with certain SNPs are associated with susceptibility to bacteremia, tuberculosis and malaria. ree Text/ref> Function The protein encoded by this gene contains a SH2 domain and a SOCS box domain. The protein thus belongs to the cytokine-induced STAT inhibitor (CIS), also known as suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) or STAT-induced STAT inhibitor (SSI), protein family. CIS family members are known to be cytokine-inducible negative regulators of cytokine signaling. The expression of this gene can be induced by IL-2, IL-3, GM-CSF and EPO in hematopoietic cells. Proteasome-mediated degradation of this protein has been shown to be involved in the inactivation of the erythropoietin receptor. CISH is induced by T cell rece ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SOCS1
Suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SOCS1'' gene. ''SOCS1'' orthologs have been identified in several mammals for which complete genome data are available. Function This gene encodes a member of the STAT-induced STAT inhibitor (SSI), also known as suppressor of cytokine signalling (SOCS), family. SSI family members are cytokine-inducible negative regulators of cytokine signaling. The expression of this gene can be induced by a subset of cytokines, including IL2, IL3 erythropoietin (EPO), GM-CSF, and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ). The protein encoded by this gene functions downstream of cytokine receptors, and takes part in a negative feedback loop to attenuate cytokine signaling. Knockout studies in mice suggested the role of this gene as a modulator of IFN-γ action, which is required for normal postnatal growth and survival. Several recent viral studies have shown that viral genes, such as Tax gene product (Tax), encoded by HTLV-1, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SOCS2
Suppressor of cytokine signaling 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SOCS2'' gene. This gene encodes a member of the STAT-induced STAT inhibitor (SSI), also known as suppressor of cytokine signalling (SOCS), family. SSI family members are cytokine-inducible negative regulators of cytokine signaling. The expression of this gene can be induced by a subset of cytokines, including erythropoietin, Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor, GM-CSF, Interleukin 10, IL10 and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). The protein encoded by this gene is found to interact with the cytoplasmic domain of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R), and thus is thought to be involved in the regulation of IGF1R mediated cell signaling. Knockout mouse, Knockout studies in mice also suggested a regulatory role of this gene in IGF-1 related growth control. Interactions SOCS2 has been shown to Protein-protein interaction, interact with insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor and erythropoiet ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SOCS3
Suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3 or SOCS-3) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SOCS3'' gene. This gene encodes a member of the STAT-induced STAT inhibitor (SSI), also known as suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS), family. SSI family members are cytokine-inducible negative regulators of cytokine signaling. SOCS3 is a conserved gene, found in across the animal kingdom, including Drosophila, chickens, and crocodiles. Function The expression of SOCS3 gene is induced by various cytokines, including IL6, IL10, and interferon (IFN)-gamma. For signaling of IL-6, Epo, GCSF and Leptin, binding of SOCS3 to the respective cytokine receptor has been found to be crucial for the inhibitory function of SOCS3. Overexpression of SOCS3 inhibits insulin signaling in adipose tissue and the liver, but not in muscle. But deletion of SOCS3 in the skeletal muscle of mice protects against obesity-related insulin resistance. SOCS3 contributes to both leptin resistance and insu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SOCS4
Suppressor of cytokine signaling 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SOCS4 gene In biology, the word gene (from , ; "...Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ''generation'' or ''birth'' or ''gender'') can have several different meanings. The Mendelian gene is a ba .... Function The protein encoded by this gene contains a SH2 domain and a SOCS BOX domain. The protein thus belongs to the suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS), also known as STAT-induced STAT inhibitor (SSI), protein family. SOCS family members are known to be cytokine-inducible negative regulators of cytokine signaling. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. References Further reading External links PDBe-KBprovides an overview of all the structure information available in the PDB for Human Suppressor of cytokine signaling 4 (SOCS4) {{gene-14-stub Human p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SOCS5
Suppressor of cytokine signaling 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SOCS5'' gene. The protein encoded by this gene contains a SH2 domain and a SOCS BOX domain. The protein thus belongs to the suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) family, also known as STAT-induced STAT inhibitor (SSI) protein family. SOCS family members are known to be cytokine-inducible negative regulators of cytokine signaling. The specific function of this protein has not yet been determined. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants Alternative splicing, or alternative RNA splicing, or differential splicing, is an alternative splicing process during gene expression that allows a single gene to code for multiple proteins. In this process, particular exons of a gene may be in ... encoding an identical protein have been reported. References Further reading * * * * * * * * * * * {{protein-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SOCS7
Suppressor of cytokine signaling 7 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SOCS7'' gene. Model organisms Model organisms have been used in the study of SOCS7 function. A conditional knockout mouse line, called ''Socs7tm1a(EUCOMM)Wtsi'' was generated as part of the International Knockout Mouse Consortium program—a high-throughput mutagenesis project to generate and distribute animal models of disease to interested scientists. Male and female animals underwent a standardized phenotypic screen to determine the effects of deletion. Twenty five tests were carried out on mutant mice and one significant abnormality was observed: homozygous mutant males showed a decreased response to stress-induced hyperthermia. Interactions SOCS7 has been shown to interact with NCK1 Cytoplasmic protein NCK1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''NCK1'' gene. Gene The Nck (non-catalytic region of tyrosine kinase adaptor protein 1) belongs to the adaptor family of proteins. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
