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Stingray
Stingrays are a group of sea rays, which are cartilaginous fish related to sharks. They are classified in the suborder Myliobatoidei of the order Myliobatiformes and consist of eight families: Hexatrygonidae (sixgill stingray), Plesiobatidae (deepwater stingray), Urolophidae (stingarees), Urotrygonidae (round rays), Dasyatidae (whiptail stingrays), Potamotrygonidae (river stingrays), Gymnuridae (butterfly rays) and Myliobatidae (eagle rays). There are about 220 known stingray species organized into 29 genera. Stingrays are common in coastal tropical and subtropical marine waters throughout the world. Some species, such as the thorntail stingray (''Dasyatis thetidis''), are found in warmer temperate oceans and others, such as the deepwater stingray (''Plesiobatis daviesi''), are found in the deep ocean. The river stingrays and a number of whiptail stingrays (such as the Niger stingray (''Fontitrygon garouaensis'')) are restricted to fresh water. Most myliobatoids are demersa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Potamotrygonidae
River stingrays or freshwater stingrays are Neotropical freshwater fishes of the family (biology), family Potamotrygonidae in the Order (biology), order Myliobatiformes, one of the four orders of Batoidea, batoids, cartilaginous fishes related to sharks. They are found in rivers in tropical and subtropical South America (freshwater stingrays in Africa, Asia and Australia are in another family, Dasyatidae). A single marine genus, ''Styracura'', of the tropical West Atlantic and East Pacific are also part of Potamotrygonidae. They are generally brownish, greyish or black, often with a mottled, speckled or spotted pattern, have disc widths ranging from and venomous tail stingers. River stingrays feed on a wide range of smaller animals and the females give birth to live young. There are more than 35 species in five genera. Distribution and habitat They are native to tropical and subtropical northern, central and eastern South America, living in rivers that drain into the Caribbean ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pelagic Stingray
The pelagic stingray (''Pteroplatytrygon violacea'') is a species of stingray in the family Dasyatidae, and the sole member of its genus. It is characterized by the wedge-like shape of its pectoral fin disc, which is much wider than long, as well as by the pointed teeth in both sexes, whip-like tail with extremely long tail spine, and uniform violet to blue-green coloration. It generally reaches in width. The pelagic stingray has a worldwide distribution in waters warmer than , and migrates seasonally to spend the summer closer to the continental shelf and at higher latitudes. The only stingray that almost exclusively inhabits the open ocean, this species is typically found in surface waters down to a depth of . As a consequence of its midwater habits, its swimming style has evolved to feature more of a flapping motion of the pectoral fins, as opposed to the disc margin undulations used by other, bottom-dwelling stingrays. The diet of the pelagic stingray consists of free-s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Southern Stingray
The southern stingray (''Hypanus americanus'') is a whiptail stingray found in tropical and subtropical waters of the Western Atlantic Ocean from New Jersey to southern Brazil. It has a flat, diamond-shaped disc, with a mud brown, olive, and grey dorsal surface and white underbelly (ventral surface). The barb on its tail is serrated and covered in a venomous mucus, used for self-defense. Description The southern stingray is adapted for life on the sea bed. Its flattened, diamond-shaped body is more angular than other rays.Southern Stingray Southern stingray Biological Profile, Ichthyology Department, Florida Museum of Natural History (August, 2007) - via ARKive The top of the body varies between olive brown and green in adults, dark grey in juveniles, whilst the underside is white. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thorntail Stingray
The thorntail stingray, black stingray, or longtail stingray (''Dasyatis thetidis'') is a species of stingray in the family Dasyatidae. It is found off southern Africa, Australia, and New Zealand from the intertidal zone to a depth of . This bottom-dweller inhabits soft-bottomed habitats such as lagoons, estuaries, and reefs. Growing to across and over in weight, the thorntail stingray is among the largest stingrays in the world. Uniformly dark above and light below, it has a diamond-shaped pectoral fin disc and a very long, whip-like tail with a fin fold underneath. The upper surface of the disc and the tail bear numerous stout, sharp thorns. The diet of the thorntail stingray consists of benthic invertebrates and bony fishes. It has been known to gather in large groups during summertime. Like other stingrays, it is aplacental viviparous, with the developing embryos sustained to term by histotroph ("uterine milk") produced by the mother. The venomous stinging spine of the tho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plesiobatidae
The deepwater stingray or giant stingaree (''Plesiobatis daviesi'') is a species of stingray and the sole member of the family Plesiobatidae. It is widely distributed in the Indo-Pacific, typically over fine sediments on the upper continental slope at depths of . This species reaches in length and in width. It has an oval pectoral fin disc with a long, flexible, broad-angled snout. Most of the entire latter half of its tail supports a distinctively long, slender, leaf-shaped caudal fin. Its coloration is dark above and white below, and its skin is almost completely covered by tiny dermal denticles. Preying on crustaceans, cephalopods, and bony fishes, the deepwater stingray may hunt both on the sea floor and well above it in open water. It is probably aplacental viviparous, with the mother supplying her gestating young with histotroph ("uterine milk"). Captured rays merit caution due to their long, venomous stingers. This species is taken by deepwater commercial fisheries, bu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Deepwater Stingray
The deepwater stingray or giant stingaree (''Plesiobatis daviesi'') is a species of stingray and the sole member of the family Plesiobatidae. It is widely distributed in the Indo-Pacific, typically over fine sediments on the upper continental slope at depths of . This species reaches in length and in width. It has an oval pectoral fin disc with a long, flexible, broad-angled snout. Most of the entire latter half of its tail supports a distinctively long, slender, leaf-shaped caudal fin. Its coloration is dark above and white below, and its skin is almost completely covered by tiny dermal denticles. Preying on crustaceans, cephalopods, and bony fishes, the deepwater stingray may hunt both on the sea floor and well above it in open water. It is probably aplacental viviparous, with the mother supplying her gestating young with histotroph ("uterine milk"). Captured rays merit caution due to their long, venomous stingers. This species is taken by deepwater commercial fisheries ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hexatrygonidae
The sixgill stingray (''Hexatrygon bickelli'') is a species of stingray and the only extant member of the family Hexatrygonidae. Although several species of sixgill stingrays have been described historically, they may represent variations in a single, widespread species. This flabby, heavy-bodied fish, described only in 1980, is unique among rays in having six pairs of gill slits rather than five. Growing up to long, it has a rounded pectoral fin disc and a long, triangular, and flexible snout filled with a gelatinous substance. It is brownish above and white below, and lacks dermal denticles. Benthic in nature, the sixgill stingray is usually found over upper continental slopes and seamounts at depths of . It has been recorded from scattered locations in the Indo-Pacific from South Africa to Hawaii. This species probably uses its snout to probe for food in the bottom sediment. Its jaws are greatly protrusible, allowing it to capture buried prey. The sixgill stingray gives live ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Niger Stingray
The Niger stingray or smooth freshwater stingray (''Dasyatis garouaensis'') is a species of stingray in the family Dasyatidae, native to rivers in Nigeria and Cameroon. Attaining a width of , this species can be distinguished by its thin, almost circular pectoral fin disk, slightly projecting snout tip, and mostly smooth skin with small or absent dermal denticles. The Niger stingray feeds on aquatic insect larvae and is ovoviviparous. The long stinging spine on the tail of this ray can inflict a painful wound. It has been assessed as Critically Endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), as its numbers are declining in some areas and it faces heavy fishing pressure and habitat degradation. Taxonomy The original description of the Niger stingray was published by Alfred Stauch and M. Blanc in 1962, in the scientific journal ''Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Série 2)''. The specific epithet ''garouaensis'' refers to the city of Garou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Threatened Rays
__NOTOC__ Threatened rays are those vulnerable to endangerment (extinction) in the near future. The International Union for Conservation of Nature ( IUCN) ranks threatened species in three categories: :: Vulnerable species :: Endangered species :: Critically endangered species The term ''threatened'' strictly refers to these three categories (critically endangered, endangered and vulnerable), while ''vulnerable'' is used to refer to the least at risk of these categories. The terms can be used somewhat interchangeably, as all ''vulnerable'' species are threatened, all ''endangered'' species are vulnerable and threatened, and all ''critically endangered'' species are endangered, vulnerable and threatened. Threatened species are also referred to as a red-listed species, as they are listed in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Together rays and sharks make up the class of modern cartilaginous fishes. Modern fish are either cartilaginous or bony. Cartilaginous fishes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Whiptail Stingray
The whiptail stingrays are a family, the Dasyatidae, of Batoidea, rays in the order Myliobatiformes. They are found worldwide in tropical to temperate marine waters, and a number of species have also penetrated into fresh water in Africa, Asia, and Australia. Members of this family have flattened pectoral fin discs that range from oval to diamond-like in shape. Their common name comes from their whip-like tails, which are much longer than the disc and lack dorsal fin, dorsal and caudal fins. All whiptail stingrays, except the porcupine ray (''Urogymnus asperrimus''), have one or more Stingray injury, venomous stings near the base of the tail, which is used in defense. They range in size from or more across in the case of the smalleye stingray and giant freshwater stingray. Genera The taxonomy of Dasyatidae was revised by Peter Last, Gavin Naylor, and Mabel Manjaji-Matsumoto in 2016, based on morphology (biology), morphological and molecular phylogenetic data. The placement of ''M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Myliobatiformes
Myliobatiformes () is one of the four orders of batoids, cartilaginous fishes related to sharks. They were formerly included in the order Rajiformes, but more recent phylogenetic studies have shown the myliobatiforms to be a monophyletic group, and its more derived members evolved their highly flattened shapes independently of the skates. Classification Nelson's ''Fishes of the World'' arranges the Myliobatiformes as: *Suborder Platyrhinoidei **Family Platyrhinidae (thornbacks) *Suborder Zanobatoidei **Family Zanobatidae (panrays) *Suborder Myliobatoidei ( stingrays) **Superfamily Hexatrygonoidea ***Family Hexatrygonidae (sixgill stingray) **Superfamily Urolophoidea ***Family Plesiobatidae (deepwater stingray) ***Family Urolophidae (round stingrays) **Superfamily Urotrygonoidea ***Family Urotrygonidae (American round stingrays) **Superfamily Dasyatoidea ***Family Dasyatidae (whiptail stingrays) ***Family Potamotrygonidae (river stingrays) ***Family Gymnuridae The bu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Batoidea
Batoidea is a superorder of cartilaginous fishes, commonly known as rays. They and their close relatives, the sharks, comprise the subclass Elasmobranchii. Rays are the largest group of cartilaginous fishes, with well over 600 species in 26 families. Rays are distinguished by their flattened bodies, enlarged pectoral fins that are fused to the head, and gill slits that are placed on their ventral surfaces. Anatomy Batoids are flat-bodied, and, like sharks, are cartilaginous fish, meaning they have a boneless skeleton made of a tough, elastic cartilage. Most batoids have five ventral slot-like body openings called gill slits that lead from the gills, but the Hexatrygonidae have six. Batoid gill slits lie under the pectoral fins on the underside, whereas a shark's are on the sides of the head. Most batoids have a flat, disk-like body, with the exception of the guitarfishes and sawfishes, while most sharks have a spindle-shaped body. Many species of batoid have developed their pe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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