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Spermicide
Spermicide is a contraceptive substance that destroys sperm, inserted vaginally prior to intercourse to prevent pregnancy. As a contraceptive, spermicide may be used alone. However, the pregnancy rate experienced by couples using only spermicide is higher than that of couples using other methods. Usually, spermicides are combined with contraceptive barrier methods such as diaphragms, condoms, cervical caps, and sponges. Combined methods are believed to result in lower pregnancy rates than either method alone. Spermicides are typically unscented, clear, unflavored, non-staining, and lubricative. Types and effectiveness The most common active ingredient of spermicides is nonoxynol-9. Spermicides containing nonoxynol-9 are available in many forms, such as jelly (gel), films, and foams. Used alone, spermicides have a perfect use failure rate of 6% per year when used correctly and consistently, and 16% failure rate per year in typical use. Spermicide brands This list of example ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nonoxynol-9
Nonoxynol-9, sometimes abbreviated as N-9, is an organic compound that is used as a surfactant. It is a member of the nonoxynol family of nonionic surfactants. N-9 and related compounds are ingredients in various cleaning and cosmetic products. It is widely used in contraceptives for its spermicidal properties. Uses Spermicide As a spermicide, it attacks the acrosomal membranes of the sperm, causing the sperm to be immobilized. Nonoxynol-9 is the active ingredient in most spermicidal creams, jellies, foams, gel, film, and suppositories. Lubricant Nonoxynol-9 is a common ingredient of most vaginal and anal lubricants due to its spermicidal properties. A 2004 study found that over a six-month period, the typical-use failure rates for five nonoxynol-9 vaginal contraceptives (film, suppository, and gels at three different concentrations) ranged from 10% to 20%. Condoms Many models of condoms are lubricated with solutions containing nonoxynol-9. In this role, it has been prom ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nonoxynol-9
Nonoxynol-9, sometimes abbreviated as N-9, is an organic compound that is used as a surfactant. It is a member of the nonoxynol family of nonionic surfactants. N-9 and related compounds are ingredients in various cleaning and cosmetic products. It is widely used in contraceptives for its spermicidal properties. Uses Spermicide As a spermicide, it attacks the acrosomal membranes of the sperm, causing the sperm to be immobilized. Nonoxynol-9 is the active ingredient in most spermicidal creams, jellies, foams, gel, film, and suppositories. Lubricant Nonoxynol-9 is a common ingredient of most vaginal and anal lubricants due to its spermicidal properties. A 2004 study found that over a six-month period, the typical-use failure rates for five nonoxynol-9 vaginal contraceptives (film, suppository, and gels at three different concentrations) ranged from 10% to 20%. Condoms Many models of condoms are lubricated with solutions containing nonoxynol-9. In this role, it has been prom ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Condom
A condom is a sheath-shaped barrier device used during sexual intercourse to reduce the probability of pregnancy or a sexually transmitted infection (STI). There are both male and female condoms. With proper use—and use at every act of intercourse—women whose partners use male condoms experience a 2% per-year pregnancy rate. With typical use the rate of pregnancy is 18% per-year. Their use greatly decreases the risk of gonorrhea, chlamydia, trichomoniasis, hepatitis B, and HIV/AIDS. To a lesser extent, they also protect against genital herpes, human papillomavirus (HPV), and syphilis. The male condom is rolled onto an erect penis before intercourse and works by forming a physical barrier which blocks semen from entering the body of a sexual partner. Male condoms are typically made from latex and, less commonly, from polyurethane, polyisoprene, or lamb intestine. Male condoms have the advantages of ease of use, ease of access, and few side effects. Individuals with late ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Contraceptive Sponge
The contraceptive sponge combines barrier and spermicidal methods to prevent conception. Sponges work in two ways. First, the sponge is inserted into the vagina, so it can cover the cervix and prevent any sperm from entering the uterus. Secondly, the sponge contains spermicide. The sponges are inserted vaginally prior to intercourse and must be placed over the cervix to be effective. Sponges provide no protection from sexually transmitted infections. Sponges can provide contraception for multiple acts of intercourse over a 24-hour period, but cannot be reused beyond that time or once removed. Effectiveness Sponge's effectiveness is 91% if used perfectly by women who never gave birth, and 80% if used perfectly by women who have given at least one birth. Since it is hard to use the sponge perfectly every time having vaginal sex, the real effectiveness of the method is actually lower than the figures mentioned. It is advised to combine sponges with other birth control methods, li ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
VCF Vaginal Contraceptive Film
VCF may refer to: Organizations * Valencia CF, a Spanish professional football club in Valencia * Victory (church) (formerly VCF), an evangelical Protestant church based in the Philippines * Vietnam Children's Fund, a non-profit organization based in Unionville, Virginia, United States Technology * Variant Call Format, the format of a text file used in bioinformatics for storing gene sequence variations * vCard, a file format standard for electronic business cards * Virtual Case File, a software application developed by the United States Federal Bureau of Investigation * Visual Component Framework, an abandoned open source project for development under Microsoft Windows and Apple Macintosh * VMware Cloud Foundation, an infrastructure platform for hybrid cloud management of the VMware Infrastructure product line * Voltage-controlled filter, an electronic filter whose operating characteristics can be set by an input control voltage * Volume correction factor, a standardized computed f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
VCF Contraceptive Foam
VCF may refer to: Organizations * Valencia CF, a Spanish professional football club in Valencia * Victory (church) (formerly VCF), an evangelical Protestant church based in the Philippines * Vietnam Children's Fund, a non-profit organization based in Unionville, Virginia, United States Technology * Variant Call Format, the format of a text file used in bioinformatics for storing gene sequence variations * vCard, a file format standard for electronic business cards * Virtual Case File, a software application developed by the United States Federal Bureau of Investigation * Visual Component Framework, an abandoned open source project for development under Microsoft Windows and Apple Macintosh * VMware Cloud Foundation, an infrastructure platform for hybrid cloud management of the VMware Infrastructure product line * Voltage-controlled filter, an electronic filter whose operating characteristics can be set by an input control voltage * Volume correction factor, a standardized computed f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diaphragm (contraceptive)
The diaphragm is a barrier method of birth control. It is moderately effective, with a one-year failure rate of around 12% with typical use. It is placed over the cervix with spermicide before sex and left in place for at least six hours after sex. Fitting by a healthcare provider is generally required. Side effects are usually very few. Use may increase the risk of bacterial vaginosis and urinary tract infections. If left in the vagina for more than 24 hours toxic shock syndrome may occur. While use may decrease the risk of sexually transmitted infections, it is not very effective at doing so. There are a number of types of diaphragms with different rim and spring designs. They may be made from latex, silicone, or natural rubber. They work by blocking access to and holding spermicide near the cervix. The diaphragm came into use around 1882. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. Medical use Before inserting or removing a diaphragm, one's hand ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
VCF Vaginal Contraceptive Gel
VCF may refer to: Organizations * Valencia CF, a Spanish professional football club in Valencia * Victory (church) (formerly VCF), an evangelical Protestant church based in the Philippines * Vietnam Children's Fund, a non-profit organization based in Unionville, Virginia, United States Technology * Variant Call Format, the format of a text file used in bioinformatics for storing gene sequence variations * vCard, a file format standard for electronic business cards * Virtual Case File, a software application developed by the United States Federal Bureau of Investigation * Visual Component Framework, an abandoned open source project for development under Microsoft Windows and Apple Macintosh * VMware Cloud Foundation, an infrastructure platform for hybrid cloud management of the VMware Infrastructure product line * Voltage-controlled filter, an electronic filter whose operating characteristics can be set by an input control voltage * Volume correction factor, a standardized computed f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Benzalkonium Chloride
Benzalkonium chloride (BZK, BKC, BAK, BAC), also known as alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride (ADBAC) and by the trade name Zephiran, is a type of cationic surfactant. It is an organic salt classified as a quaternary ammonium compound. ADBACs have three main categories of use: as a biocide, a cationic surfactant, and a phase transfer agent. ADBACs are a mixture of alkylbenzyldimethylammonium chlorides, in which the alkyl group has various even-numbered alkyl chain lengths. Solubility and physical properties Depending on purity, benzalkonium chloride ranges from colourless to a pale yellow (impure). Benzalkonium chloride is readily soluble in ethanol and acetone. Dissolution in water is ready, upon agitation. Aqueous solutions should be neutral to slightly alkaline. Solutions foam when shaken. Concentrated solutions have a bitter taste and a faint almond-like odour. Standard concentrates are manufactured as 50% and 80% w/w solutions, and sold under trade names such as BC50, BC ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lactic Acid/citric Acid/potassium Bitartrate
Lactic acid/citric acid/potassium bitartrate, sold under the brand name Phexxi, is a non-hormonal combination medication used as a method of birth control. It contains lactic acid, citric acid, and potassium bitartrate Potassium bitartrate, also known as potassium hydrogen tartrate, with formula K C4 H5 O6, is a byproduct of winemaking. In cooking, it is known as cream of tartar. It is processed from the potassium acid salt of tartaric acid (a carboxylic ac .... It is a gel inserted into the vagina. The most common adverse reactions include vulvovaginal burning sensation, vulvovaginal pruritus, vulvovaginal mycotic infection, urinary tract infection, vulvovaginal discomfort, bacterial vaginosis, vaginal discharge, genital discomfort, dysuria, and vulvovaginal pain. Medical uses The combination is indicated for the prevention of pregnancy in females of reproductive potential for use as an on-demand method of contraception. History The combination was approved for med ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nobel Prize
The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, Nobelpriset ; no, Nobelprisen ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfred Nobel was a Swedish chemist, engineer, and industrialist most famously known for the invention of dynamite. He died in 1896. In his will, he bequeathed all of his "remaining realisable assets" to be used to establish five prizes which became known as "Nobel Prizes." Nobel Prizes were first awarded in 1901. Nobel Prizes are awarded in the fields of Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, and Peace (Nobel characterized the Peace Prize as "to the person who has done the most or best to advance fellowship among nations, the abolition or reduction of standing armies, and the establishment and promotion of peace congresses"). In 1968, Sveriges Riksbank (Sweden's central bank) funded the establishment of the Prize in Economi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
