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Special Member Functions
In the C++ programming language, special member functions are Function (computer programming), functions which the compiler will automatically generate if they are used, but not Declaration (computer programming), declared explicitly by the programmer. The automatically generated special member functions are: * Default constructor if no other constructor is explicitly declared. * Copy constructor if no move constructor and move assignment operator are explicitly declared. : If a destructor is declared generation of a copy constructor is deprecated (C++11, proposal N3242). * Move constructor if no copy constructor, copy assignment operator, move assignment operator and destructor are explicitly declared. * Copy assignment operator if no move constructor and move assignment operator are explicitly declared. : If a destructor is declared, generation of a copy assignment operator is deprecated. * Move assignment operator if no copy constructor, copy assignment operator, move constr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Programming Language
A programming language is a system of notation for writing computer programs. Programming languages are described in terms of their Syntax (programming languages), syntax (form) and semantics (computer science), semantics (meaning), usually defined by a formal language. Languages usually provide features such as a type system, Variable (computer science), variables, and mechanisms for Exception handling (programming), error handling. An Programming language implementation, implementation of a programming language is required in order to Execution (computing), execute programs, namely an Interpreter (computing), interpreter or a compiler. An interpreter directly executes the source code, while a compiler produces an executable program. Computer architecture has strongly influenced the design of programming languages, with the most common type (imperative languages—which implement operations in a specified order) developed to perform well on the popular von Neumann architecture. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Function (computer Programming)
In computer programming, a function (also procedure, method, subroutine, routine, or subprogram) is a callable unit of software logic that has a well-defined interface and behavior and can be invoked multiple times. Callable units provide a powerful programming tool. The primary purpose is to allow for the decomposition of a large and/or complicated problem into chunks that have relatively low cognitive load and to assign the chunks meaningful names (unless they are anonymous). Judicious application can reduce the cost of developing and maintaining software, while increasing its quality and reliability. Callable units are present at multiple levels of abstraction in the programming environment. For example, a programmer may write a function in source code that is compiled to machine code that implements similar semantics. There is a callable unit in the source code and an associated one in the machine code, but they are different kinds of callable units with different impl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Compiler
In computing, a compiler is a computer program that Translator (computing), translates computer code written in one programming language (the ''source'' language) into another language (the ''target'' language). The name "compiler" is primarily used for programs that translate source code from a high-level programming language to a lower level language, low-level programming language (e.g. assembly language, object code, or machine code) to create an executable program.Compilers: Principles, Techniques, and Tools by Alfred V. Aho, Ravi Sethi, Jeffrey D. Ullman - Second Edition, 2007 There are many different types of compilers which produce output in different useful forms. A ''cross-compiler'' produces code for a different Central processing unit, CPU or operating system than the one on which the cross-compiler itself runs. A ''bootstrap compiler'' is often a temporary compiler, used for compiling a more permanent or better optimised compiler for a language. Related software ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Declaration (computer Programming)
In computer programming, a declaration is a language construct specifying identifier properties: it declares a word's (identifier's) meaning."A declaration specifies the interpretation and attributes of a set of identifiers. A ''definition'' of an identifier is a declaration for that identifier that: * for an object ariable or constant causes storage to be reserved for that object; * for a function, includes the function body; * for an enumeration constant, is the (only) declaration of the identifier; * for a typedef name, is the first (or only) declaration of the identifier." C11 specification, 6.7: Declarations, paragraph 5. Declarations are most commonly used for functions, variables, constants, and classes, but can also be used for other entities such as enumerations and type definitions. Beyond the name (the identifier itself) and the kind of entity (function, variable, etc.), declarations typically specify the data type (for variables and constants), or the type signat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Default Constructor
Default may refer to: Law * Default (law), the failure to do something required by law ** Default (finance) In finance, default is failure to meet the legal obligations (or conditions) of a loan, for example when a home buyer fails to make a mortgage payment, or when a corporation or government fails to pay a bond which has reached maturity. A natio ..., failure to satisfy the terms of a loan obligation or failure to pay back a loan ** Default judgment, a binding judgment in favor of either party based on some failure to take action by the other party ** Default rule, a rule of law that can be overridden by a contract, trust, will, or other legally effective agreement Science, technology * Default (computer science), a preset setting or value that will be used if no choice is done during program use or installation and setup * Default password, allows the device to be accessed during its initial setup, or after resetting to factory defaults * defaults (software), a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Copy Constructor
In class-based, object-oriented programming, a constructor (abbreviation: ctor) is a special type of function called to create an object. It prepares the new object for use, often accepting arguments that the constructor uses to set required member variables. A constructor resembles an instance method, but it differs from a method in that it has no explicit return type, it is not implicitly inherited and it usually has different rules for scope modifiers. Constructors often have the same name as the declaring class. They have the task of initializing the object's data members and of establishing the invariant of the class, failing if the invariant is invalid. A properly written constructor leaves the resulting object in a ''valid'' state. Immutable objects must be initialized in a constructor. Most languages allow overloading the constructor in that there can be more than one constructor for a class, with differing parameters. Some languages take consideration of some sp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
C++11
C++11 is a version of a joint technical standard, ISO/IEC 14882, by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), for the C++ programming language. C++11 replaced the prior version of the C++ standard, named C++03, and was later replaced by C++14. The name follows the tradition of naming language versions by the publication year of the specification, though it was formerly named ''C++0x'' because it was expected to be published before 2010. Although one of the design goals was to prefer changes to the libraries over changes to the core language, C++11 does make several additions to the core language. Areas of the core language that were significantly improved include multithreading support, generic programming support, uniform initialization, and performance. Significant changes were also made to the C++ Standard Library, incorporating most of the C++ Technical Report 1 (TR1) libraries, except the library ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Move Constructor
In class-based, object-oriented programming, a constructor (abbreviation: ctor) is a special type of function called to create an object. It prepares the new object for use, often accepting arguments that the constructor uses to set required member variables. A constructor resembles an instance method, but it differs from a method in that it has no explicit return type, it is not implicitly inherited and it usually has different rules for scope modifiers. Constructors often have the same name as the declaring class. They have the task of initializing the object's data members and of establishing the invariant of the class, failing if the invariant is invalid. A properly written constructor leaves the resulting object in a ''valid'' state. Immutable objects must be initialized in a constructor. Most languages allow overloading the constructor in that there can be more than one constructor for a class, with differing parameters. Some languages take consideration of some speci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Copy Assignment Operator
Copy may refer to: *Copying or the product of copying (including the plural "copies"); the duplication of information or an artifact **Cut, copy and paste, a method of reproducing text or other data in computing **File copying **Photocopying, a process which makes paper copies of documents and other visual images **Fax, a telecommunications technology used to transfer facsimile copies of documents, especially over the telephone network **Facsimile, a copy or reproduction that is as true to the original source as possible **Replica, a copy closely resembling the original concerning its shape and appearance **Term of art in U.S. copyright law meaning a material object in which a work of authorship has been embodied, such as a book * Copy (command), a shell command on DOS and Windows systems *Copy (publishing), written content in publications, in contrast to photographs or other elements of layout. **The output of journalists and authors, ready for copy editing and typesetting **The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Move Assignment Operator
In the C++ programming language, the move assignment operator = is used for transferring a temporary object to an existing object. The move assignment operator, like most C++ operators, can be overloaded. Like the copy assignment operator it is a special member function. If the move assignment operator is not explicitly defined, the compiler generates an implicit move assignment operator (C++11 C++11 is a version of a joint technical standard, ISO/IEC 14882, by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), for the C++ programming language. C++11 replaced the prior vers ... and newer) provided that copy/ move constructors, copy assignment operator or destructors have not been declared. The parameter of a move assignment operator is an rvalue reference () to type ''T'', where ''T'' is the object that defines the move assignment operator. The move assignment operator is different than a move constructor bec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Destructor (computer Science)
In object-oriented programming, a destructor (sometimes abbreviated dtor) is a Method (computer science), method which is invoked mechanically just before the Computer memory, memory of the Object (computer science), object is released. It can happen either when its Object lifetime, lifetime is bound to Scope (computer science), scope and the execution leaves the scope, when it is embedded in another object whose lifetime ends, or when it was Memory management#Manual memory management, allocated dynamically and is released explicitly. Its main purpose is to free the Resource (computer science), resources (memory allocations, open files or sockets, database connections, Lock (computer science), resource locks, etc.) which were acquired by the object during its life and/or deregister from other entities which may keep Reference (computer science), references to it. Destructors are necessary in resource acquisition is initialization (RAII). With most kinds of Garbage collection (compu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Virtual Function
In object-oriented programming such as is often used in C++ and Object Pascal, a virtual function or virtual method is an inheritable and overridable function or method that is dispatched dynamically. Virtual functions are an important part of (runtime) polymorphism in object-oriented programming (OOP). They allow for the execution of target functions that were not precisely identified at compile time. Most programming languages, such as JavaScript, PHP and Python, treat all methods as virtual by default and do not provide a modifier to change this behavior. However, some languages provide modifiers to prevent methods from being overridden by derived classes (such as the ''final'' and ''private'' keywords in Java and PHP). Purpose The concept of the virtual function solves the following problem: In object-oriented programming, when a derived class inherits from a base class, an object of the derived class may be referred to via a pointer or reference of the base cla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
