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Siphonophorae
Siphonophorae (from Greek ''siphōn'' 'tube' + ''pherein'' 'to bear') is an order within Hydrozoa, which is a class of marine organisms within the phylum Cnidaria. According to the World Register of Marine Species, the order contains 175 species thus far. Although a siphonophore may appear to be an individual organism, each specimen is in fact a colonial organism composed of medusoid and polypoid zooids that are morphologically and functionally specialized. Zooids are multicellular units that develop from a single fertilized egg and combine to create functional colonies able to reproduce, digest, float, maintain body positioning, and use jet propulsion to move. Most colonies are long, thin, transparent floaters living in the pelagic zone. Like other hydrozoans, some siphonophores emit light to attract and attack prey. While many sea animals produce blue and green bioluminescence, a siphonophore in the genus ''Erenna'' was only the second life form found to produce a red li ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hydrozoa
Hydrozoa (hydrozoans; ) are a taxonomic class of individually very small, predatory animals, some solitary and some colonial, most of which inhabit saline water. The colonies of the colonial species can be large, and in some cases the specialized individual animals cannot survive outside the colony. A few genera within this class live in freshwater habitats. Hydrozoans are related to jellyfish and corals and belong to the phylum Cnidaria. Some examples of hydrozoans are the freshwater jelly (''Craspedacusta sowerbyi''), freshwater polyps ('' Hydra''), ''Obelia'', Portuguese man o' war (''Physalia physalis''), chondrophores (Porpitidae), "air fern" (''Sertularia argentea''), and pink-hearted hydroids (''Tubularia''). Anatomy Most hydrozoan species include both a polyp (zoology), polypoid and a medusa (biology), medusoid stage in their lifecycles, although a number of them have only one or the other. For example, ''Hydra'' has no medusoid stage, while ''Liriope tetraphylla, Lir ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hydrozoa
Hydrozoa (hydrozoans; ) are a taxonomic class of individually very small, predatory animals, some solitary and some colonial, most of which inhabit saline water. The colonies of the colonial species can be large, and in some cases the specialized individual animals cannot survive outside the colony. A few genera within this class live in freshwater habitats. Hydrozoans are related to jellyfish and corals and belong to the phylum Cnidaria. Some examples of hydrozoans are the freshwater jelly (''Craspedacusta sowerbyi''), freshwater polyps ('' Hydra''), ''Obelia'', Portuguese man o' war (''Physalia physalis''), chondrophores (Porpitidae), "air fern" (''Sertularia argentea''), and pink-hearted hydroids (''Tubularia''). Anatomy Most hydrozoan species include both a polyp (zoology), polypoid and a medusa (biology), medusoid stage in their lifecycles, although a number of them have only one or the other. For example, ''Hydra'' has no medusoid stage, while ''Liriope tetraphylla, Lir ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Calycophorae
Calycophorae is a suborder of Siphonophores alongside two other suborders Physonectae and Cystonectae. This suborder includes the giant siphonophore, (''Praya dubia''); one of the longest lengthwise extant creatures (40–50m). While the Physonectae have a pneumatophore (a float), nectophore (or nectosome), and a siphosome, Cystonectae lack a nectophore, and Calycophorae lack a pneumatophore. From the bell-shaped nectophores, Physonectae and Calycophorae are called Codonophores or Greek for bell-bearers. The distribution, morphology, and behaviors of Calycophorae species are vast and greatly depend on the species. Calycophoraes typically consist of two nectophores with a siphosome that have many tentacles that grow out of the siphosome. The Calycophoraes move by propelling water out of the nectophore much like how jellyfishes move. The tentacles act as fishing nets where the nematocysts on the tentacles paralyze their prey which are then later fed on. Calycophorae have three life ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Physonectae
Physonectae is a suborder of siphonophores. In Japanese it is called (). Organisms in the suborder Physonectae follow the classic Siphonophore body plan. They are almost all pelagic, and are composed of a colony of specialized zooids that originate from the same fertilized egg. While Physonectae are not generally well-known by the public, a related species also of the order Siphonophorae is the Portuguese man o' war, well-known for its painful sting. Distribution The majority of physonect siphonophores are pelagic, with the exception of Rhodallidae, which are a family of benthic physonects first collected during the ''Challenger'' expedition and described by Ernst Haekel in his ''Challenger'' monograph. Physonects, and siphonophores in general, are known to be widely distributed globally, but are understudied. Few individuals have been collected and are often misidentified. As a result, their exact global distributions are unclear. Morphology All physonect siphonophor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cystonectae
Cystonectae is a suborder of siphonophores.Schuchert, P. (2019). World Hydrozoa Database. Cystonectae. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=135334 on 2019-03-11 It includes the Portuguese man o' war (''Physalia physalis'') and ''Bathyphysa conifera'', sometimes called the "flying spaghetti monster." In Japanese, it is called (). The typical cystonect body plan has a pneumatophore (float) and siphosome (line of polyps) but no nectosome (propulsion medusae Jellyfish and sea jellies are the informal common names given to the medusa-phase of certain gelatinous members of the subphylum Medusozoa, a major part of the phylum Cnidaria. Jellyfish are mainly free-swimming marine animals with umbrella- ...). References Siphonophorae Cnidarian suborders Taxa named by Ernst Haeckel Taxa described in 1887 {{Siphonophorae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zooid
A zooid or zoöid is a single animal that is part of a colonial animal. This lifestyle has been adopted by animals from separate unrelated taxa. Zooids are multicellular; their structure is similar to that of other solitary animals. The zooids can either be directly connected by tissue (e.g. corals, Catenulida, Siphonophorae, Pyrosome or Ectoprocta) or share a common exoskeleton (e.g. Bryozoa or Pterobranchia). The colonial organism as a whole is called a ''zoon'' , plural ''zoa'' (from Ancient Greek meaning animal; plural , ). Zooids can exhibit polymorphism. For instance, extant bryozoans may have zooids adapted for different functions, such as feeding, anchoring the colony to the substratum and for brooding embryos. However, fossil bryozoans are only known by the colony structures that the zooids formed during life. There are correlations between the size of some zooids and temperature. Variations in zooid size within colonies of fossils can be used as an indicator of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chirostomias Pliopterus
''Chirostomias pliopterus'' is a species of barbeled dragonfish found in the Atlantic Ocean. This species grows to a length of SL. This species is the only described member of its genus. This scaleless dragonfish was also the first discovered lifeform to emit a red light, with the second being a siphonophore of the genus ''Erenna''. Later, related Stomiid genera ''Aristostomias'', '' Malacosteus'' and ''Pachystomias ''Pachystomias microdon'', the smalltooth dragonfish, is a species of barbeled dragonfish found in the oceans at depths of from . This species grows to a length of fish measurement, SL. This species is the only known species in its genus. Re ...'' were also found to emit red light. References * Stomiidae Taxa named by Charles Tate Regan Fish described in 1930 Taxa named by Ethelwynn Trewavas {{Stomiiformes-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Erenna
''Erenna'' is a genus of cnidarians belonging to the family Erennidae. The species of this genus are found in Europe and Northern America and Southeast Asia. Species: *''Erenna cornuta'' *''Erenna insidiator'' *''Erenna laciniata'' *''Erenna richardi'' *''Erenna sirena ''Erenna'' is a genus of cnidarians belonging to the family Erennidae. The species of this genus are found in Europe and Northern America and Southeast Asia. Species: *''Erenna cornuta'' *''Erenna insidiator'' *''Erenna laciniata'' *''Erenn ...'' References Erennidae Hydrozoan genera {{Siphonophorae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Medusa (biology)
Jellyfish and sea jellies are the informal common names given to the medusa-phase of certain gelatinous members of the subphylum Medusozoa, a major part of the phylum Cnidaria. Jellyfish are mainly free-swimming marine animals with umbrella-shaped bells and trailing tentacles, although a few are anchored to the seabed by stalks rather than being mobile. The bell can pulsate to provide propulsion for highly efficient locomotion. The tentacles are armed with stinging cells and may be used to capture prey and defend against predators. Jellyfish have a complex life cycle; the medusa is normally the sexual phase, which produces planula larvae that disperse widely and enter a sedentary polyp phase before reaching sexual maturity. Jellyfish are found all over the world, from surface waters to the deep sea. Scyphozoans (the "true jellyfish") are exclusively marine, but some hydrozoans with a similar appearance live in freshwater. Large, often colorful, jellyfish are common in coa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bathyphysa Conifera
''Bathyphysa conifera'', sometimes called the flying spaghetti monster, is a bathypelagic species of siphonophore in the family Rhizophysidae. Name ''Bathyphysa conifera'' was nicknamed the Flying Spaghetti Monster, for the satirical deity of the Internet, by the oil workers who first saw it. The specific epithet ''conifera'', meaning 'cone-bearing', is due to the shape of the cluster of reproductive structures called gonophores. In Japanese it is called / / ', "jewel leek". In Chinese, the nickname "Flying Spaghetti Monster" can be translated as ' "flying noodles monster". Distribution ''Bathyphysa conifera'' has been found in the Northeast and Northwest Atlantic Ocean, off the coast of Gabon and as far south as Angola,Jones, Daniel O.B., Gates, A.R., Curry, R.A., Thomson, M., Pile, A., Benfield, M. (Eds) (2009). SERPENT project. Media database archive. Available online at http://archive.serpentproject.com/2621/ accessed on Fri Sep 01 2017 and in Monterey Bay in the Pa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhizophysa Eysenhardtii
''Rhizophysa'' is a genus of cnidarians belonging to the family Rhizophysidae. The species of this genus are found in Malesia, Northern America. Species: *''Rhizophysa chamissonis'' *''Rhizophysa eysenhardtii'' *''Rhizophysa filiformis'' *''Rhizophysa uvaria ''Rhizophysa'' is a genus of cnidarians belonging to the family Rhizophysidae. The species of this genus are found in Malesia, Northern America. Species: *''Rhizophysa chamissonis'' *''Rhizophysa eysenhardtii'' *''Rhizophysa filiformis ''Rh ...'' References Rhizophysidae Hydrozoan genera {{Siphonophorae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Praya Dubia
The ''Praya dubia'', or giant siphonophore, is an invertebrate which lives in the deep sea at to below sea level. It has been found off the coasts around the world, from Iceland in the North Atlantic, to Chile in the South Pacific. ''Praya dubia'' is a member of the order Siphonophorae within the class Hydrozoa. With a body length of up to , it is the second-longest sea organism after the bootlace worm. Its length also rivals the blue whale, the sea’s largest mammal, although ''Praya dubia'' is as thin as a broomstick. A siphonophore is not a single, multi-cellular organism, but a colony of tiny biological components called zooids, each having evolved with a specific function. Zooids cannot survive on their own, relying on symbiosis in order for a complete ''Praya dubia'' specimen to survive. Description ''Praya dubia'' zooids arrange themselves in a long stalk—usually whitish and transparent (though other colours have been seen)—known as a physonect colony. The larger ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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