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Silhak
Silhak was a Korean Confucian social reform movement in late Joseon Dynasty. ''Sil'' means "actual" or "practical", and ''hak'' means "studies" or "learning". It developed in response to the increasingly metaphysical nature of Neo-Confucianism (성리학) that seemed disconnected from the rapid agricultural, industrial, and political changes occurring in Korea between the late 17th and early 19th centuries. Silhak was designed to counter the "uncritical" following of Confucian teachings and the strict adherence to "formalism" and "ritual" by neo-Confucians. Most of the Silhak scholars were from factions excluded from power and other disaffected scholars calling for reform. They advocated an empirical Confucianism deeply concerned with human society at the practical level. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joseon Dynasty
Joseon (; ; Middle Korean: 됴ᇢ〯션〮 Dyǒw syéon or 됴ᇢ〯션〯 Dyǒw syěon), officially the Great Joseon (; ), was the last dynastic kingdom of Korea, lasting just over 500 years. It was founded by Yi Seong-gye in July 1392 and replaced by the Korean Empire in October 1897. The kingdom was founded following the aftermath of the overthrow of Goryeo in what is today the city of Kaesong. Early on, Korea was retitled and the capital was relocated to modern-day Seoul. The kingdom's northernmost borders were expanded to the natural boundaries at the rivers of Amrok and Tumen River, Tuman through the subjugation of the Jurchen people, Jurchens. During its 500-year duration, Joseon encouraged the entrenchment of Korean Confucianism, Confucian ideals and doctrines in Korean society. Neo-Confucianism was installed as the new state's ideology. Korean Buddhism, Buddhism was accordingly discouraged, and occasionally the practitioners faced persecutions. Joseon consolidated ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pak Je-ga
Bak Jega (; 1750–1805) was a scholar of school of Practical learning (Silhak) in the late Joseon Dynasty. He was a student of Bak Jiwon. Background Bak Jega was a famous Silhak scholar in the late Joseon Dynasty. He was a student of another famous Silhak scholar, Park Jiwon. Bak Jega was born in 1750 and died in 1815. Bak Jega went to Qing (also referred to as "Ching"), which was the name of China at that time, after becoming a student of Bak Jiwon. He learned about China’s modern culture, advanced techniques, and its economic system while there. After returning from Qing, Bak Jiwon worked in Jiphyeonjeon, a place where important scholars and scientists worked, during the time of King Jeongjo. Legacy Because the Joseon government supported ‘Yuhak', a neo-Confucianist conservative ideology, Bak Jega had an important role and his desire was to make Joseon rich in science and commerce. He authored several books; the compilation is titled, ''Jeongyungyp.'' He wrote about ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jeong Yak-yong
Jeong Yak-yong (August 5, 1762 – April 7, 1836) or Chong Yagyong, often simply known as ‘Dasan’ (茶山, one of his ‘ho’ / pen-names meaning ‘the mountain of tea’), was a Korean agronomist, philosopher, and poet. He was one of the greatest thinkers in the later Joseon period, wrote highly influential books about philosophy, science and theories of government, held significant administrative positions, and was noted as a poet. He was a close confidant of King Jeongjo (ruled 1776-1800) and his philosophical position is often identified with the Silhak (practical learning) school, and his concerns are better seen as explorations of Neo-Confucian themes. Jeong was born in Gwangju, Gyeonggi Province and died in there too. He spent 18 years in exile in Gangjin County, South Jeolla Province, from 1801 until 1818, on account of his membership of the Southerners (''Nam-in'') faction, and also because of the Catholic faith of his elder brother. Korean Catholics sometimes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Korean Confucianism
Korean Confucianism is the form of Confucianism that emerged and developed in Korea. One of the most substantial influences in Korean intellectual history was the introduction of Confucian thought as part of the cultural influence from China. Today the legacy of Confucianism remains a fundamental part of Korean society, shaping the moral system, the way of life, social relations between old and young, high culture, and is the basis for much of the legal system. Confucianism in Korea is sometimes considered a pragmatic way of holding a nation together without the civil wars and internal dissent that were inherited from the Goryeo dynasty. Origins of Confucian thought Confucius (孔夫子 ''Kǒng Fūzǐ'', lit. "Master Kong") is generally thought to have been born in 551 BCE and raised by his mother following the death of his father when Confucius was three years old. The Latinized name "Confucius" by which most Westerners recognize him is derived from "''Kong Fuzi''", probably fi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Seohak
Seohak was the introduction of technology, philosophy and most prominently, Catholicism and Western ideas to Joseon Korea in the 18th century. It is also occasionally referred to as ''Cheonjuhak'' () which means 'Heavenly Learning'. Literally meaning "Western learning", Seohak's antonym was Donghak (; {{literally, "Eastern learning"), which featured neo-Confucianism and other traditional ways of thought. History Catholicism entered Korea indirectly in the 18th century via limited transmission of royal messengers carrying books from missionaries in Qing China. In this way, Seohak slowly entered Korea in the form of foreign books translated into Classical Chinese. This is unique in that Catholicism originally spread without the direct influence of missionaries in Korea. Although, eventually foreign missionaries entered Korea in 1836. Seohak was seen as a western philosophy, instead of a religion, which embraced new technology. This movement was initially accepted only by a minority ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kim Yuk
Gim Yuk or Kim Yuk (Hangul: 김육; Hanja: 金堉; 1580 – September 1658) was a Korean Neo-Confucian scholar, politician and writer of the Korean Joseon Dynasty. His nickname was Jamgok (잠곡, 潛谷), Hoejeongdang (회정당, 晦靜堂), a courtesy name was Baekhu (백후, 伯厚), and his posthumous name was Munjeong (문정, 文貞). He came from the Cheongpung Kim clan (Hangul: 청풍 김씨, Hanja: 淸風金氏). Gim Yuk served as prime minister of the Joseon dynasty in 1651 and 1654 through 1658. He was Grandfather of Queen Myeongseong (명성왕후, 明聖王后) and 6G-Great-Grandfather of Queen Hyoui (효의왕후, 孝懿王后). Biography Family history Gim Yuk was born on July 14, 1580 at Mapo, Hanyang (modern Seoul), where his maternal grandparents lived. His Great-Great-Grandfather Gim Shik (김식, 金湜, 1482–1520), who had supported Jo Gwangjo at ''Seonggyungwan'' (National Confucian Academy) by criticizing then ministers in power, was sacrificed duri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yi Su-gwang
Yi Su-gwang or Sugwang (1563–1628), also known as Lee Soo-kwang, was a Korean sarim, a military official, and a diplomat of the Joseon Dynasty. He was also an academic and an encyclopedist who compiled the ''Jibong Yuseol,'' the earliest Korean encyclopedia. Early life Yi Su-gwang was born to a wealthy, aristocratic family in 1563, and was offered the finest education his parents could afford. In 1585, he passed the civil service exam and became a military officer. Military career In the wake of Seven-Year War, he was stationed in Jogyeong, Gyeongsang province, where he was given command of a small army contingent. He encountered a Japanese expeditionary contingent in Yongin, Gyeonggi province and lost. His superiors restationed him in Uiju, Hamgyong province, where he encountered more Japanese forces. His actions during this period were sufficiently successful for him to be promoted. In 1614, he would write about his military experience, noting that the Joseon forces had "t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yu Hyeong-won
Yu Hyeongwon (1622–1673), also spelled as Yoo Hyung-Won, was a Korean philosopher and politician. He was a Neo-Confucianist and science scholar of the Korean Joseon Dynasty. He was Korean pioneer of the early silhak ("practical learning") school as well as an avid social critic and scholar of the late Joseon period. He was the disciple of Misu Heo Mok and second cousin of the silhak scholar Seongho Yi Ik. Yu hailed from the Munhwa Yu clan, and many of his extended family members held high official positions in the Joseon government. Works *Bangyesurock(반계수록 磻溪隧錄) *Bangyejip(반계집 磻溪集) *Baekgyungsajam(백경사잠 百警四箴) *Bangyeilgo(반계일고 磻溪一顧) *Gunhyunje(군현제 郡縣制) *Yigichongron(이기총론 理氣總論) *Nanhakmulli(논학물리 論學物理) *Gyungsulmundap(경설문답 經說問答) *Jujachanyo(주자찬요 朱子纂要) *Yeojiji(여지지 輿地志) *Gunhyunjije(군현지제 郡縣之制) *Gihaengilrok ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Seongho Yi Ik
"Seongho" Yi Ik (1681–1763) was a Korean Neo-Confucian scholar, early Silhak philosopher and social critic. He was born to a yangban family of the Yeoju Yi clan. His one disciple of Yi Seo-woo, was Misu Heo Mok and Baikho Yun Hyu's school disciples. second cousin of Yu Hyeong-won. Like most in his position, he studied for the ''gwageo'' in order to gain a position of rank; but failed in his first attempt in 1705. Shortly thereafter, his elder brother Yi Jam was beaten to death as part of the Lady Jang incident, and Yi lost interest in government service. Yi Ik followed in Yu Hyeong-won line of thought extending in this work Seongho Saseol, which covers subjects as government, economy, and the family, and makes detailed proposals for reordering each aspect of Joseon society. His most famous work was ''Record of Concern for the Underprivileged'' which lays down the cardinal principles of reform ideas. As Yi attracted many disciples, Silhak gradually emerged as Joseon dyn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Seo Yu-gu
Seo Yu-gu (Hangul: 서유구, Hanja: 徐有榘; 1764 - 1845) was a Korean Neo-Confucian scholar, agricultural administrator and encyclopedist in the Korean Joseon Dynasty. His pen name was Pungseok (풍석, 楓石, meaning Maple Stone), and his posthumous name Mun-gan (문간, 文簡). He came from the Daegu Seo clan (대구 서씨, 大丘徐氏). He was born at Jangdan, Paju, Gyeonggi-do in 1764. At that time, the practical science called ''Silhak''(실학, 實學) was prevalent among the Joseon intellectuals, but unfortunately, it was rarely adopted by the Royal Court. He authored the huge 113 volume encyclopaedia, ''Imwon Gyeongjeji'' (Hangul: 임원경제지, Hanja: 林園經濟志) for more than 30 years from 1806. Though the series of ''Encyclopedia Koreana on Rural Living'' were not published in his lifetime, Seo Yu-gu wished to share with fellow gentlemen how to live a wonderful living in the country. Biography Family background Seo Yu-gu's family history was highly resp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kim Jeonghui
Gim Jeong-hui (김정희, 金正喜, born on the 3rd day of the 6th lunar month 1786, died on the 10th day of the 10th lunar month 1856), also known as Kim Jeong-hui, was one of the most celebrated practitioners of calligraphy, epigraphists, and scholars of Korea’s later Joseon period. He was a member of the Gyeongju Gim clan. He used various Ho (pen-names): Wandang (阮堂), Chusa (秋史), Yedang (禮堂), Siam (詩庵), Gwapa (果坡), Nogwa (老果) etc. (some 200 in all). He is especially celebrated for having transformed Korean epigraphy and for having created the “Chusa-che” (秋史體 Chusa writing style) inspired by his study of ancient Korean and Chinese epitaphs. His ink paintings, especially of orchids, are equally admired. As a scholar, he belonged to the Silhak (Practical Learning) school also known as the Bukhak (北學, “Northern Learning”). He was related to Queen Jeongsun, the second wife of King Yeongjo, and by his adoptive mother, Nam Yang-hong, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hong Dae-yong
Hong Daeyong (; 12 May 1731 – 17 November 1783), styled Damheon (, "Relaxed house") was a philosopher, astronomer and mathematician of the late Joseon Kingdom. Hong was an early leader of the ''Profitable Usage and Benefiting the People'' () school of thought. It worked to promote the industrialization of his country and the development of trade by positively introducing Western technologies to Joseon Korea. Hong was a friend of Park Ji-won, who was another leader of the ''Profitable Usage'' school. Early life Hong Daeyong was born in 1731 in Cheonan, South Chungcheong Province. In his early days, Hong was educated by Kim One-hang of Seock-sil Seowon. During this period, traditional Neo-Confucianism formed the basis of his academic world. In 1765, Hong followed his uncle Hong Eock(), who was in Joseon missions to Imperial China. In China, Hong witnessed a brilliant development of Qing Dynasty and experienced culture shock. After returning to Joseon, Hong insisted enhanci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
