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Signal Transducing Adaptor Protein
Signal transducing adaptor proteins (STAPs) are proteins that are accessory to main proteins in a signal transduction pathway. Adaptor proteins contain a variety of protein-binding modules that link protein-binding partners together and facilitate the creation of larger signaling complexes. These proteins tend to lack any intrinsic enzymatic activity themselves, instead mediating specific protein–protein interactions that drive the formation of protein complexes. Examples of adaptor proteins include MYD88, Grb2 and SHC1. Signaling components Much of the specificity of signal transduction depends on the recruitment of several signalling components such as protein kinases and G-protein GTPases into short-lived active complexes in response to an activating signal such as a growth factor binding to its receptor. Domains Adaptor proteins usually contain several domains within their structure (e.g., Src homology 2 (SH2) and SH3 domains) that allow specific interactions with sev ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
PDB 1u5e EBI
PDB may refer to: * Chess Problem Database Server (PDB Server) * 1,4-Dichlorobenzene (paradichlorobenzene) * Party of German-speaking Belgians, (German: '), a political party and predecessor of the ProDG * PDB (Palm OS), a container format for record databases in Palm OS, Garnet OS and Access Linux Platform * ''Pee Dee Belemnite'', a standard for stable Carbon-13 and Oxygen-18 isotopes; see * Pluggable database, such as an Oracle Database in a multitenancy environment * Potato dextrose broth, a common microbiological growth media * Pousette-Dart Band * President's Daily Brief or Briefing or Bulletin, a top-secret intelligence document produced each morning for the U.S. President * Program database, a file format for storing debugging information * Promised Day Brigade, an Iraqi Shia organisation * Protein Data Bank * Protein Data Bank (file format) * Python Debugger, see Python (programming language) Python is a high-level, general-purpose programming language. Its design philo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
CBL (gene)
''Cbl'' (named after Casitas B-lineage Lymphoma) is a mammalian gene encoding the protein CBL which is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase involved in cell signalling and protein ubiquitination. Mutations to this gene have been implicated in a number of human cancers, particularly acute myeloid leukaemia. Discovery In 1989 a virally encoded portion of the chromosomal mouse ''Cbl'' gene was the first member of the Cbl family to be discovered and was named ''v-Cbl'' to distinguish it from normal mouse ''c-Cbl''. The virus used in the experiment was a mouse-tropic strain of Murine leukemia virus isolated from the brain of a mouse captured at Lake Casitas, California known as ''Cas-Br-M'', and was found to have excised approximately a third of the original ''c-Cbl'' gene from a mouse into which it was injected. Sequencing revealed that the portion carried by the retrovirus encoded a ''tyrosine kinase binding domain'', and that this was the oncogenic form as retroviruses carrying ful ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SH2B1
SH2B adapter protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SH2B1'' gene. Interactions SH2B1 has been shown to interact with: * Grb2, * Insulin receptor, * Janus kinase 2, and * TrkA. Clinical significance Variations close to or in the SH2B1 gene have been found to associate with obesity in two very large genome wide association studies of body mass index (BMI). Furthermore, SH2B1 deletions are associated with severe early-onset obesity. See also * Genetics of obesity Like many other medical conditions, obesity is the result of an interplay between environmental and genetic factors. Studies have identified variants in several genes that may contribute to weight gain and body fat distribution; although, only i ... References Further reading * * * * * * * * * * * * * {{PDB Gallery, geneid=25970 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
PIK3AP1
Phosphoinositide 3-kinase adapter protein 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''PIK3AP1'' gene In biology, the word gene (from , ; "...Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ''generation'' or ''birth'' or ''gender'') can have several different meanings. The Mendelian gene is a ba .... References Further reading * * * * * * * {{gene-10-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
NOS1AP
Nitric oxide synthase 1 adaptor protein (NOS1AP) also known as carboxyl-terminal PDZ ligand of neuronal nitric oxide synthase protein (CAPON) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''NOS1AP'' gene. This gene encodes a cytosolic protein that binds to the signaling molecule, neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS). This protein has a C-terminal PDZ-binding domain that mediates interactions with nNOS and an N-terminal phosphotyrosine binding (PTB) domain that binds to the small monomeric G protein, Dexras1. Studies of the related mouse and rat proteins have shown that this protein functions as an adapter protein linking nNOS to specific targets, such as Dexras1 and the synapsins. NOS1AP polymorphisms has been associated with the QT interval length. Interactions NOS1AP has been shown to interact with: * LRP1, * LRP2, * NOS1, * RASD1 Dexamethasone-induced Ras-related protein 1 (RASD1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''RASD1'' gene on chromosome 17. It is ubi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
NCK2
Cytoplasmic protein NCK2 (also known as NCK-beta and Grb4) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''NCK2'' gene. Function NCK belongs to family of adaptor proteins. There are two mammalian NCK genes, NCK1 and NCK2. NCK1 is located in chromosome 3 and NCK2 is located in chromosome 2. The protein contains three SH3 domains and one SH2 domain. The protein has no known catalytic function but has been shown to bind and recruit various proteins involved in the regulation of receptor protein tyrosine kinases. It is through these regulatory activities that this protein is believed to be involved in cytoskeletal reorganization. Alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized. BBBB Interactions NCK2 has been shown to interact with: * Epidermal growth factor receptor, * LIMS1, * PDGFRB, * PTK2, * T-cell surface glycoprotein CD3 epsilon chain and * TrkB Tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB), also known as tyrosine recepto ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
NCK1
Cytoplasmic protein NCK1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''NCK1'' gene. Gene The Nck (non-catalytic region of tyrosine kinase adaptor protein 1) belongs to the adaptor family of proteins. The nck gene was initially isolated from a human melanoma cDNA library using a monoclonal antibody produced against the human melanoma-associated antigen. The Nck family has two known members in human cells (Nck-1/Nckalpha and NcK2/NcKbeta), two in mouse cells (mNckalpha and mNckbeta/Grb4) and one in drosophila (Dock means dreadlocks-ortholog). The two murine gene products exhibit 68% amino acid identity to one another, with most of the sequence variation being located to the linker regions between the SH3 and SH2 domains, and are 96% identical to their human counterparts. While human nck-1 gene has been localised to the 3q21 locus of chromosome 3, the nck-2 gene can be found on chromosome 2 at the 2q12 locus. Function The protein encoded by this gene is one of the signaling ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
NCDN
Neurochondrin (also known as its murine homologue, Norbin) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''NCDN'' gene. This gene encodes a leucine-rich cytoplasmic protein, which is highly similar to a mouse protein norbin that negatively regulates Ca/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II phosphorylation and may be essential for spatial learning processes. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene have been described. Norbin can modulate signaling activity and expression of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5; modulating mice with targeted deletion of NCDN in the brain have phenotypic traits usually found in the rodent models of schizophrenia, including disruptions in prepulse inhibition. Furthermore, norbin protein expression is altered in the schizophrenia brain. Norbin also plays a role in regulating antimicrobial responses in neutrophils. Neurochondrin proteins induce hydroxyapatite resorptive activity in bone marrow cells resistant to bafilomycin A1, an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
LDLRAP1
Low-density lipoprotein receptor adapter protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''LDLRAP1'' gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a cytosolic protein which contains a phosphotyrosine binding (PTB) domain. The PTB domain has been found to interact with the cytoplasmic tail of the LDL receptor. Mutations in this gene lead to LDL receptor malfunction and cause the disorder autosomal recessive hypercholesterolaemia. Interactions LDLRAP1 has been shown to interact with AP2B1 and LRP2 Low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 2 also known as LRP-2 or megalin is a protein which in humans is encoded by the ''LRP2'' gene. Function LRP2 was identified as the antigen of rat experimental membranous nephropathy (Heyman neph .... References Further reading * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * {{gene-1-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
IRS1
Insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) is a signaling adapter protein that in humans is encoded by the ''IRS-1'' gene. It is a 131 kDa protein with amino acid sequence of 1242 residues. It contains a single pleckstrin homology (PH) domain at the N-terminus and a PTB domain ca. 40 residues downstream of this, followed by a poorly conserved C-terminus tail. Together with IRS2, IRS3 (pseudogene) and IRS4, it is homologous to the ''Drosophila'' protein ''chico'', whose disruption extends the median lifespan of flies up to 48%. Similarly, Irs1 mutant mice experience moderate life extension and delayed age-related pathologies. Function Insulin receptor substrate 1 plays a key role in transmitting signals from the insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) receptors to intracellular pathways PI3K / Akt and Erk MAP kinase pathways. Tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS-1 by insulin receptor (IR) introduces multiple binding sites for proteins bearing SH2 homology domain, such as PI3K, Grb- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
GRAP2
GRB2-related adapter protein 2 also known as GRB2-related adaptor downstream of Shc (GADS) is a 37 kDa protein that in humans is encoded by the ''GRAP2'' gene. Function This gene encodes a member of the GRB2/Sem5/Drk family. This member is an adaptor-like protein involved in leukocyte-specific protein-tyrosine kinase signaling. Like its related family member, GRB2-related adaptor protein (GRAP), this protein contains an SH2 domain flanked by two SH3 domains. This protein interacts with other proteins, such as GRB2-associated binding protein 1 (GAB1) and the SLP-76 leukocyte protein (LCP2), through its SH3 domains. Transcript variants utilizing alternative polyA sites exist. Interactions GRAP2 has been shown to interact with: * CCNDBP1, * CD28, * Linker of activated T cells, * Lymphocyte cytosolic protein 2 * MAP4K1 Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase 1 is a protein kinase that in humans is encoded by the ''MAP4K1'' gene. It is also known as HPK1 (Hem ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
