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Sex Pilus
A pilus (Latin for 'hair'; plural: ''pili'') is a hair-like appendage found on the surface of many bacteria and archaea. The terms ''pilus'' and '' fimbria'' (Latin for 'fringe'; plural: ''fimbriae'') can be used interchangeably, although some researchers reserve the term ''pilus'' for the appendage required for bacterial conjugation. All conjugative pili are primarily composed of pilin – fibrous proteins, which are oligomeric. Dozens of these structures can exist on the bacterial and archaeal surface. Some bacteria, viruses or bacteriophages attach to receptors on pili at the start of their reproductive cycle. Pili are antigenic. They are also fragile and constantly replaced, sometimes with pili of different composition, resulting in altered antigenicity. Specific host responses to old pili structures are not effective on the new structure. Recombination genes of pili code for variable (V) and constant (C) regions of the pili (similar to immunoglobulin diversity). As the pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Conjugation
Conjugation or conjugate may refer to: Linguistics * Grammatical conjugation, the modification of a verb from its basic form * Emotive conjugation or Russell's conjugation, the use of loaded language Mathematics * Complex conjugation, the change of sign of the imaginary part of a complex number * Conjugate (square roots), the change of sign of a square root in an expression * Conjugate element (field theory), a generalization of the preceding conjugations to roots of a polynomial of any degree *Conjugate transpose, the complex conjugate of the transpose of a matrix *Harmonic conjugate in complex analysis * Conjugate (graph theory), an alternative term for a line graph, i.e. a graph representing the edge adjacencies of another graph *In group theory, various notions are called conjugation: **Inner automorphism, a type of conjugation homomorphism ** Conjugation in group theory, related to matrix similarity in linear algebra ** Conjugation (group theory), the image of an element u ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
