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Secretome
The secretome is the set of proteins expressed by an organism and secreted into the extracellular space. In humans, this subset of the proteome encompasses 13-20% of all proteins, including cytokines, growth factors, extracellular matrix proteins and regulators, and shed receptors. The secretome of a specific tissue can be measured by mass spectrometry and its analysis constitutes a type of proteomics known as secretomics. Definition The term ''secretome'' was coined by Tjalsma and colleagues in 2004 to denote all the factors secreted by a cell, along with the secretory pathway constituents. In 2010, this definition of secretome was revised to include only proteins secreted into the extracellular space. Related concepts include the matrisome, which is the subset of the secretome that includes extracellular matrix proteins and their associated proteins; the receptome, which includes all membrane receptors, and the adhesome, which includes all proteins involved in cell adhesion. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Secretomics
Secretomics is a type of proteomics which involves the analysis of the secretome—all the secretory protein, secreted proteins of a cell, tissue or organism. Secreted proteins are involved in a variety of physiological processes, including cell signaling and extracellular matrix, matrix remodeling, but are also integral to invasion and metastasis of malignancy, malignant cells. Secretomics has thus been especially important in the discovery of biomarkers for cancer and understanding molecular basis of pathogenesis. The analysis of the insoluble fraction of the secretome (the extracellular matrix) has been termed matrisomics. History of the secretome In 2000 Tjalsma et al. coined the term 'secretome' in their study of the eubacterium ''Bacillus subtilis, B. subtilis''. They defined the secretome as all of the secreted proteins and secretory machinery of the bacteria. Using a database of protein sequences in ''B. subtilis'' and an algorithm that looked at cleavage sites and amino-term ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Secretomics
Secretomics is a type of proteomics which involves the analysis of the secretome—all the secretory protein, secreted proteins of a cell, tissue or organism. Secreted proteins are involved in a variety of physiological processes, including cell signaling and extracellular matrix, matrix remodeling, but are also integral to invasion and metastasis of malignancy, malignant cells. Secretomics has thus been especially important in the discovery of biomarkers for cancer and understanding molecular basis of pathogenesis. The analysis of the insoluble fraction of the secretome (the extracellular matrix) has been termed matrisomics. History of the secretome In 2000 Tjalsma et al. coined the term 'secretome' in their study of the eubacterium ''Bacillus subtilis, B. subtilis''. They defined the secretome as all of the secreted proteins and secretory machinery of the bacteria. Using a database of protein sequences in ''B. subtilis'' and an algorithm that looked at cleavage sites and amino-term ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Omics Topics In Biology
Inspired by the terms genome and genomics, other words to describe complete biological datasets, mostly sets of biomolecules originating from one organism, have been coined with the suffix '' -ome'' and ''-omics''. Some of these terms are related to each other in a hierarchical fashion. For example, the genome contains the ORFeome, which gives rise to the transcriptome, which is translated to the proteome. Other terms are overlapping and refer to the structure and/or function of a subset of proteins (e.g. glycome, kinome). An omicist is a scientist who studies omeomics, cataloging all the “omics” subfields. Omics.org is a Wiki that collects and alphabetically lists all the known "omes" and "omics." List of topics Hierarchy of topics For the sake of clarity, some topics are listed more than once. *Bibliome *Connectome *Cytome *Editome * Embryome *Epigenome **Methylome *Exposome ** Envirome *** Toxome ** Foodome **Microbiome ** Sociome *Genome **Variome **Exome ***ORFeome ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Protein
Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within organisms, including catalysing metabolic reactions, DNA replication, responding to stimuli, providing structure to cells and organisms, and transporting molecules from one location to another. Proteins differ from one another primarily in their sequence of amino acids, which is dictated by the nucleotide sequence of their genes, and which usually results in protein folding into a specific 3D structure that determines its activity. A linear chain of amino acid residues is called a polypeptide. A protein contains at least one long polypeptide. Short polypeptides, containing less than 20–30 residues, are rarely considered to be proteins and are commonly called peptides. The individual amino acid residues are bonded together by peptide bonds and adjacent amino acid residues. The sequence of amino acid residue ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Exosome (vesicle)
Exosomes are membrane-bound extracellular vesicles (EVs) that are produced in the endosomal compartment of most eukaryotic cells. The multivesicular body (MVB) is an endosome with intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) that bud inward into the endosomal lumen. If the MVB fuses with the cell surface (the plasma membrane), these ILVs are released as exosomes. In multicellular organisms, exosomes and other EVs were discovered in biological fluids including blood, urine and cerebrospinal fluid. Importantly, exosomes were also identified within the tissue matrix, coined Matrix-Bound Nanovesicles (MBV). They are also released ''in vitro'' by cultured cells into their growth medium A growth medium or culture medium is a solid, liquid, or semi-solid designed to support the growth of a population of microorganisms or cells via the process of cell proliferation or small plants like the moss ''Physcomitrella patens''. Differen .... Since the size of exosomes is limited by that of the parent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
