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Sansculottides
The Sansculottides (; also Epagomènes; french: Sans-culottides, Sanculottides, jours complémentaires, jours épagomènes) are holidays following the last month of the year on the French Republican calendar which was used following the French Revolution from approximately 1793 to 1805. The Sansculottides, named after the sans-culottes, append the twelve, 30-day months of the Republican Calendar with five complementary days in a common year or six complementary days in a leap year, so that the calendar year would approximately match the tropical year. They follow the last day of Fructidor, the last month of the year, and precede the first day of Vendémiaire. Each of the Sansculottides were assigned as one of the ten days of the week. Even though the five or six days were less than a full week, the following 1 Vendémiaire would still be a ''primidi'', skipping four or five days of the week. The Sansculottides belong to the summer quarter. They begin on 17 or 18 September and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sans-culottes
The (, 'without breeches') were the common people of the lower classes in late 18th-century France, a great many of whom became radical and militant partisans of the French Revolution in response to their poor quality of life under the . The word , which is opposed to "aristocrat", seems to have been used for the first time on 28 February 1791 by Jean-Bernard Gauthier de Murnan in a derogatory sense, speaking about a " army". The word came into vogue during the demonstration of 20 June 1792. The name refers to their clothing, and through that to their lower-class status: were the fashionable silk knee-breeches of the 18th-century nobility and bourgeoisie, and the working class wore ''pantaloons'', or long trousers, instead.Chisholm, Hugh (1911). "Sans-culottes". ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' (11th ed.), 1911. This saying meant "ordinary patriots without fine clothes", and referred to the fancy clothes that famous patriots wore. They wore pants with cuffed, rolled up bottoms ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leap Year
A leap year (also known as an intercalary year or bissextile year) is a calendar year that contains an additional day (or, in the case of a lunisolar calendar, a month) added to keep the calendar year synchronized with the astronomical year or seasonal year. Because astronomical events and seasons do not repeat in a whole number of days, calendars that have a constant number of days in each year will unavoidably drift over time with respect to the event that the year is supposed to track, such as seasons. By inserting (called '' intercalating'' in technical terminology) an additional day or month into some years, the drift between a civilization's dating system and the physical properties of the Solar System can be corrected. A year that is not a leap year is a common year. For example, in the Gregorian calendar, each leap year has 366 days instead of 365, by extending February to 29 days rather than the common 28. These extra days occur in each year that is an integer multipl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fructidor
Fructidor () is the twelfth month in the French Republican Calendar. The month was named after the Latin word ''fructus'', which means "fruit". Fructidor is the third month of the summer quarter (''mois d'été''). By the Gregorian calendar, Fructidor starts on either August 18 or August 19 and ends exactly thirty days later, on September 16 or September 17. Fructidor follows the month of Thermidor and precedes the Sansculottides. The month is often used as a shorthand term for the Coup of 18 Fructidor. Day name table Like all French Republican months, Fructidor lasted thirty days and was divided into three weeks called decades (''décades'') which each lasted ten days. Within every decade, each day had the name of an agricultural plant, except the fifth - the ''Quintidi'' - which had the name of an animal Animals are multicellular, eukaryotic organisms in the Kingdom (biology), biological kingdom Animalia. With few exceptions, animals Heterotroph, consume organ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vendémiaire
Vendémiaire () was the first month in the French Republican calendar. The month was named after the Occitan word ''vendemiaire'' (grape harvester). Vendémiaire was the first month of the autumn quarter (''mois d'automne''). It started on the day of the autumnal equinox, which fell between 22 September and 24 September, inclusive. It thus ended between 21 October and 23 October, and was the season of the vintage in the wine districts of northern France. It follows the Sansculottides of the past year and precedes Brumaire. Day name table Like all FRC months Vendémiaire lasted 30 days and was divided into three 10-day weeks, called ''décades'' (decades). In accordance with the suggestion of Fabre d'Églantine Philippe François Nazaire Fabre d'Églantine (, 28 July 1750 – 5 April 1794), commonly known as Fabre d'Églantine, was a French actor, dramatist, poet, and politician of the French Revolution. He is best known for having invented the names of ..., each of th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Convention
The National Convention (french: link=no, Convention nationale) was the parliament of the Kingdom of France for one day and the French First Republic for the rest of its existence during the French Revolution, following the two-year National Constituent Assembly and the one-year Legislative Assembly. Created after the great insurrection of 10 August 1792, it was the first French government organized as a republic, abandoning the monarchy altogether. The Convention sat as a single-chamber assembly from 20 September 1792 to 26 October 1795 (4 Brumaire IV under the Convention's adopted calendar). The Convention came about when the Legislative Assembly decreed the provisional suspension of King Louis XVI and the convocation of a National Convention to draw up a new constitution with no monarchy. The other major innovation was to decree that deputies to that Convention should be elected by all Frenchmen twenty-one years old or more, domiciled for a year and living by the produc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Auñamendi Encyclopedia
The Auñamendi Encyclopedia is the largest encyclopedia of Basque Basque may refer to: * Basques, an ethnic group of Spain and France * Basque language, their language Places * Basque Country (greater region), the homeland of the Basque people with parts in both Spain and France * Basque Country (autonomous co ... culture and society, with 120,000 articles and more than 67,000 images. History Founded in 1958 by the Estornés Lasa brothers, Bernardo and Mariano. He began publishing in 1969 with the help of the Auñamendi publishing house. Since 1996, Eusko Ikaskuntza has taken over the task of digitizing, cataloging and putting it on the network. The new encyclopedia is based on the Auñamendi encyclopedia by Bernardo Estornés Lasa, which began in 1933 and whose first and last volumes were released in 1960 and 2008 respectively. There were 58 volumes. The contents of the Auñamendi Encyclopedia are generated by a large group of specialists in different subjects who guarantee ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Draco (lawgiver)
Draco (; grc-gre, Δράκων, ''Drakōn''; fl. c. 7th century BC), also called Drako or Drakon, was the first recorded legislator of Athens in Ancient Greece. He replaced the prevailing system of oral law and blood feud by the Draconian constitution, a written code to be enforced only by a court of law. Draco was the first democratic legislator requested by the Athenian citizens to be a lawgiver for the city-state, but the citizens had not expected that Draco would establish laws characterized by their harshness. Since the 19th century, the adjective ''draconian'' (Greek: ''δρακόντειος'' ''drakónteios'') refers to similarly unforgiving rules or laws, in Greek, English, and other European languages. Life During the 39th Olympiad, in 622 or 621 BC, Draco established the legal code with which he is identified. Little is known about Draco’s life. He may have belonged to the Greek nobility of Attica prior to the period of the Seven Sages of Greece, as per the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fabre D'Églantine
Philippe François Nazaire Fabre d'Églantine (, 28 July 1750 – 5 April 1794), commonly known as Fabre d'Églantine, was a French actor, dramatist, poet, and politician of the French Revolution. He is best known for having invented the names of the months in the French Republican calendar, and for the song Il pleut, il pleut, bergère which is still a popular nursery rhyme today. Early life He was born in Carcassonne, Aude. His surname was Fabre, the ''d'Églantine'' being added in commemoration of his receiving a silver wild rose (french: églantine) from Clémence Isaure from the Academy of the ''Jeux Floraux'' at Toulouse. He married Marie Strasbourg Nicole Godin on 9 November 1778. His earliest works included the poem ''Étude de la nature'', "The Study of Nature", in 1783. After travelling in the provinces as an actor, he came to Paris, where he produced an unsuccessful comedy entitled ''Les Gens de lettres, ou Le provincial à Paris'' (1787). A tragedy, ''Augusta'', ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Equinox
A solar equinox is a moment in time when the Sun crosses the Earth's equator, which is to say, appears directly above the equator, rather than north or south of the equator. On the day of the equinox, the Sun appears to rise "due east" and set "due west". This occurs twice each year, around 20 March and 23 September. More precisely, an equinox is traditionally defined as the time when the plane of Earth's equator passes through the geometric center of the Sun's disk. Equivalently, this is the moment when Earth's rotation axis is directly perpendicular to the Sun-Earth line, tilting neither toward nor away from the Sun. In modern times, since the Moon (and to a lesser extent the planets) causes Earth's orbit to vary slightly from a perfect ellipse, the equinox is officially defined by the Sun's more regular ecliptic longitude rather than by its declination. The instants of the equinoxes are currently defined to be when the apparent geocentric longitude of the Sun is 0° a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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