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Salvinorin
Salvinorins are a group of natural chemical compounds and their structural analogs. Several salvinorins have been isolated from ''Salvia divinorum''. They are classified as diterpenoid furanolactones. Salvinorin A is a hallucinogen with dissociative effects. Several salvinorins have been isolated and characterized. Occurrence Originally isolated from ''S. divinorum'', salvinorins are also detected in smaller amounts in: * '' Salvia recognita'' (salvinorin A, 212.9 μg/g) * ''Salvia absconditiflora'' (salvinorin A at 51.5 μg/g, and salvinorin B at 402.2 μg/g) * ''Salvia glutinosa'' (salvinorin A, 38.9 μg/g) * '' Salvia potentillifolia'' (salvinorin B, 2352.0 μg/g) * '' Salvia adenocaulon'' (salvinorin B, 768.8 μg/g) For comparison, the amount of salvinorin A in ''S. divinorum'' ranges from 0.89 to 3.70 mg/g. All fractions reported are based on dry mass. Interestingly, the above reported species are not very closely related to ''S. divinorum''. Associated compounds I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Salvinorin A
Salvinorin A is the main active psychotropic molecule in '' Salvia divinorum''. Salvinorin A is considered a dissociative hallucinogen. It is structurally distinct from other naturally occurring hallucinogens (such as DMT, psilocybin, and mescaline) because it contains no nitrogen atoms; hence, it is not an alkaloid (and cannot be rendered as a salt), but rather is a terpenoid. It also differs in subjective experience, compared to other hallucinogens, and has been described as dissociative. Salvinorin A can produce psychoactive experiences in humans with a typical duration of action being several minutes to an hour or so, depending on the method of ingestion. Salvinorin A is found with several other structurally related salvinorins. Salvinorin is a ''trans''-neoclerodane diterpenoid. It acts as a kappa opioid receptor agonist and is the first known compound acting on this receptor that is not an alkaloid. History Salvinorin A was first described and named in 1982 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Salvia Divinorum
''Salvia divinorum'' (Latin: "sage of the diviners"; also called ska maría pastora, seer's sage, yerba de la pastora, magic mint or simply salvia) is a plant species with transient psychoactive properties when its leaves are consumed by chewing, smoking, or as a tea. The leaves contain opioid-like compounds that induce hallucinations. Because the plant has not been well-studied in high-quality clinical research, little is known about its toxicology, adverse effects, or safety over long-term consumption. Its native habitat is cloud forest in the isolated Sierra Mazateca of Oaxaca, Mexico, where it grows in shady, moist locations. Valdes 1987, p. 106. The plant grows to over a meter high, has hollow square stems like others in the mint family Lamiaceae, large leaves, and occasional white flowers with violet calyxes. Botanists have not determined whether ''Salvia divinorum'' is a cultigen or a hybrid because native plants reproduce vegetatively and rarely produce viable seed. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Salvinorin AB
Salvinorins are a group of natural chemical compounds and their structural analogs. Several salvinorins have been isolated from ''Salvia divinorum''. They are classified as diterpenoid furanolactones. Salvinorin A is a hallucinogen with dissociative effects. Several salvinorins have been isolated and characterized. Occurrence Originally isolated from ''S. divinorum'', salvinorins are also detected in smaller amounts in: * '' Salvia recognita'' (salvinorin A, 212.9 μg/g) * ''Salvia absconditiflora'' (salvinorin A at 51.5 μg/g, and salvinorin B at 402.2 μg/g) * ''Salvia glutinosa'' (salvinorin A, 38.9 μg/g) * '' Salvia potentillifolia'' (salvinorin B, 2352.0 μg/g) * '' Salvia adenocaulon'' (salvinorin B, 768.8 μg/g) For comparison, the amount of salvinorin A in ''S. divinorum'' ranges from 0.89 to 3.70 mg/g. All fractions reported are based on dry mass. Interestingly, the above reported species are not very closely related to ''S. divinorum''. Associated compounds I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Salvinorin CDEFGH
Salvinorins are a group of natural chemical compounds and their structural analogs. Several salvinorins have been isolated from ''Salvia divinorum''. They are classified as diterpenoid furanolactones. Salvinorin A is a hallucinogen with dissociative effects. Several salvinorins have been isolated and characterized. Occurrence Originally isolated from ''S. divinorum'', salvinorins are also detected in smaller amounts in: * '' Salvia recognita'' (salvinorin A, 212.9 μg/g) * ''Salvia absconditiflora'' (salvinorin A at 51.5 μg/g, and salvinorin B at 402.2 μg/g) * ''Salvia glutinosa'' (salvinorin A, 38.9 μg/g) * '' Salvia potentillifolia'' (salvinorin B, 2352.0 μg/g) * '' Salvia adenocaulon'' (salvinorin B, 768.8 μg/g) For comparison, the amount of salvinorin A in ''S. divinorum'' ranges from 0.89 to 3.70 mg/g. All fractions reported are based on dry mass. Interestingly, the above reported species are not very closely related to ''S. divinorum''. Associated compounds I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Salvinorin I
Salvinorins are a group of natural chemical compounds and their structural analogs. Several salvinorins have been isolated from ''Salvia divinorum''. They are classified as diterpenoid furanolactones. Salvinorin A is a hallucinogen with dissociative effects. Several salvinorins have been isolated and characterized. Occurrence Originally isolated from ''S. divinorum'', salvinorins are also detected in smaller amounts in: * '' Salvia recognita'' (salvinorin A, 212.9 μg/g) * ''Salvia absconditiflora'' (salvinorin A at 51.5 μg/g, and salvinorin B at 402.2 μg/g) * ''Salvia glutinosa'' (salvinorin A, 38.9 μg/g) * '' Salvia potentillifolia'' (salvinorin B, 2352.0 μg/g) * '' Salvia adenocaulon'' (salvinorin B, 768.8 μg/g) For comparison, the amount of salvinorin A in ''S. divinorum'' ranges from 0.89 to 3.70 mg/g. All fractions reported are based on dry mass. Interestingly, the above reported species are not very closely related to ''S. divinorum''. Associated compounds I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2-Methoxymethyl Salvinorin B
Salvinorin B methoxymethyl ether (2-''O''-methoxymethylsalvinorin B) is a semi-synthetic analogue of the natural product salvinorin A used in scientific research. It has a longer duration of action of around 2–3 hours, compared to less than 30 minutes for salvinorin A, and has increased affinity and potency at the κ-opioid receptor. It is made from salvinorin B, which is most conveniently made from salvinorin A by deacetylation. The crystal structure reveals that the methoxy group overlaps with the acetyl group of salvinorin A, but with a different orientation. Salvinorin B methoxymethyl ether has a Ki of 0.60 nM at the κ opioid receptor, and is around five times more potent than salvinorin A in animal studies, although it is still only half as potent as its stronger homolog salvinorin B ethoxymethyl ether (symmetry). See also * Salvinorin B ethoxymethyl ether * RB-64 RB-64 (22-thiocyanatosalvinorin A) is a semi-synthetic salvinorin A, salvinorin derivative and a κ- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
κ-opioid Receptor
The κ-opioid receptor or kappa opioid receptor, abbreviated KOR or KOP, is a G protein-coupled receptor that in humans is encoded by the ''OPRK1'' gene. The KOR is coupled to the G protein Gi/G0 and is one of four related receptors that bind opioid-like compounds in the brain and are responsible for mediating the effects of these compounds. These effects include altering nociception, consciousness, motor control, and mood. Dysregulation of this receptor system has been implicated in alcohol and drug addiction. The KOR is a type of opioid receptor that binds the opioid peptide dynorphin as the primary endogenous ligand (substrate naturally occurring in the body). In addition to dynorphin, a variety of natural alkaloids, terpenes and synthetic ligands bind to the receptor. The KOR may provide a natural addiction control mechanism, and therefore, drugs that target this receptor may have therapeutic potential in the treatment of addiction. There is evidence that distribution ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Salvinorin B Methoxymethyl Ether
Salvinorin B methoxymethyl ether (2-''O''-methoxymethylsalvinorin B) is a semi-synthetic analogue of the natural product salvinorin A used in scientific research. It has a longer duration of action of around 2–3 hours, compared to less than 30 minutes for salvinorin A, and has increased affinity and potency at the κ-opioid receptor. It is made from salvinorin B, which is most conveniently made from salvinorin A by deacetylation. The crystal structure reveals that the methoxy group overlaps with the acetyl group of salvinorin A, but with a different orientation. Salvinorin B methoxymethyl ether has a Ki of 0.60 nM at the κ opioid receptor, and is around five times more potent than salvinorin A in animal studies, although it is still only half as potent as its stronger homolog salvinorin B ethoxymethyl ether (symmetry). See also * Salvinorin B ethoxymethyl ether * RB-64 RB-64 (22-thiocyanatosalvinorin A) is a semi-synthetic salvinorin derivative and a κ-opioid rece ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Salvinorin B Ethoxymethyl Ether
Salvinorin B methoxymethyl ether (2-''O''-methoxymethylsalvinorin B) is a semi-synthetic analogue of the natural product salvinorin A used in scientific research. It has a longer duration of action of around 2–3 hours, compared to less than 30 minutes for salvinorin A, and has increased affinity and potency at the κ-opioid receptor. It is made from salvinorin B, which is most conveniently made from salvinorin A by deacetylation. The crystal structure reveals that the methoxy group overlaps with the acetyl group of salvinorin A, but with a different orientation. Salvinorin B methoxymethyl ether has a Ki of 0.60 nM at the κ opioid receptor, and is around five times more potent than salvinorin A in animal studies, although it is still only half as potent as its stronger homolog salvinorin B ethoxymethyl ether (symmetry). See also * Salvinorin B ethoxymethyl ether * RB-64 RB-64 (22-thiocyanatosalvinorin A) is a semi-synthetic salvinorin A, salvinorin derivative and a κ- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Salvinorin B Methoxymethyl Ether
Salvinorin B methoxymethyl ether (2-''O''-methoxymethylsalvinorin B) is a semi-synthetic analogue of the natural product salvinorin A used in scientific research. It has a longer duration of action of around 2–3 hours, compared to less than 30 minutes for salvinorin A, and has increased affinity and potency at the κ-opioid receptor. It is made from salvinorin B, which is most conveniently made from salvinorin A by deacetylation. The crystal structure reveals that the methoxy group overlaps with the acetyl group of salvinorin A, but with a different orientation. Salvinorin B methoxymethyl ether has a Ki of 0.60 nM at the κ opioid receptor, and is around five times more potent than salvinorin A in animal studies, although it is still only half as potent as its stronger homolog salvinorin B ethoxymethyl ether (symmetry). See also * Salvinorin B ethoxymethyl ether * RB-64 RB-64 (22-thiocyanatosalvinorin A) is a semi-synthetic salvinorin derivative and a κ-opioid rece ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
RB-64
RB-64 (22-thiocyanatosalvinorin A) is a semi-synthetic salvinorin A, salvinorin derivative and a κ-opioid receptor (KOR) agonist which is used in scientific research. Its most remarkable property is its functional selectivity for G protein versus Arrestin beta 2, β-arrestin-2. RB-64 has a functional selectivity#bias factor, bias factor of 96 and is analgesic with fewer of the side-effects associated with unbiased KOR agonists. The analgesia-like effect is long-lasting. Compared with unbiased agonists, RB-64 evokes considerably less Receptor-mediated endocytosis, receptor internalization. See also * Herkinorin * Salvinorin B methoxymethyl ether * Salvinorin A * Nalfurafine References Further reading * * Synthetic opioids Kappa-opioid receptor agonists Kappa-opioid receptor antagonists Thiocyanates Biased ligands {{Organic-compound-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Herkinorin
Herkinorin is an opioid analgesic that is an analog (chemistry), analogue of the natural product salvinorin A. It was discovered in 2005 during structure-activity relationship studies into neoclerodane diterpenes, the family of chemical compounds of which salvinorin A is a member. Unlike salvinorin A, which is a selective κ-opioid receptor agonist with no significant μ-opioid receptor affinity, herkinorin is predominantly a μ-opioid receptor agonist. Compared to salvinorin A, herkinorin has 47× lower Ligand_(biochemistry)#Receptor/ligand_binding_affinity, affinity for κ-opioid receptors (''K''i ＝ 90 nM vs ''K''i ＝ 1.9 nM), and at least 25× higher affinity for μ-opioid receptors (''K''i ＝ 12 nM vs ''K''i > 1000 nM), where it acts as a full agonist (IC50 ＝ 0.5 μM, Emax ＝ 130% vs DAMGO). Herkinorin is a semi-synthetic compound, made from salvinorin B, which is most conveniently made from salvinorin A by deacetylation, since, while both salvinorin A and salvinorin B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
